Methods 1: Read the full text.
1, browse and mark the key points of the article. Before reading the full text, browse and mark the key points of the article. Write down or mark the purpose of the question or article.
Pay attention to the topic sentences and assumptions in the text.
Mark all the arguments.
If there are any in the text, write down or mark the research methods.
Mark sentences about findings, conclusions or results.
2. Read the full text. After marking the main points, read the article carefully and pay attention to the details. For a more thorough understanding, you can read each part several times.
When reading, ask yourself some questions about the article. According to the development of the article, judge whether the final results and conclusions are complete and practical.
3. Pay attention to writing in your own words. When you read through the full text, write down important facts or interesting details in your own language. Writing in your own words greatly reduces the risk of inadvertently copying the original text.
Don't just repeat the original sentence in reverse order. On the contrary, if you don't read the original, you have to rewrite it completely.
If you find it difficult to write in your own words, you can just write down phrases instead of complete sentences.
4. Summarize each part. At the end of each section, stop and summarize the main points of this section in one sentence. If the article suddenly begins to elaborate another argument, stop and finish the previous part of the argument before continuing reading.
Method 2: Master basic overview skills.
1, understand the purpose you outlined. Just like the summary of notes, it should be written from a different angle than the summary used in the paper. If you are writing an overview for yourself, write as many details as possible, which will help you get a lot of information just by reading the overview later.
If you want an overview as part of your thesis, the focus of the overview should be on information related to your own topic.
2. Explain the quoted information. At the beginning of the overview, state the full name of the article and the author. You don't need to mention the articles you use, or the publication date of periodicals, books, newspapers or magazines. However, this information needs to be written in the reference materials or bibliography section.
List only the publication date and source related to your paper. For example, the author puts forward an idea in one article and refutes the idea in the first article in the second article written a few years later. You should explain the order in which the two articles were published.
3. The title and theme should also be explained at the beginning. In the first paragraph of the overview, you should also explain the title of the original text and the author's thesis or hypothesis. Explain clearly the relationship between articles and papers. For example, your thesis is about a certain health condition, and the article you summarized is about the treatment of this health condition. Make sure readers can understand that this treatment is related to the content of your paper.
4. there is controversy. In the next paragraph, go back to your notes to find out and rewrite the original argument. Explaining all the main arguments and arguments helps to better understand these viewpoints.
Write only the key information that helps to understand the original content.
5. Explain the conclusion of the article. At the end of the summary, repeat the conclusion of the original author. Please note that the conclusion of the article includes the analysis of the results, research or opinions, and the measures required.
Please indicate the original author when writing. When you write an overview, always explain that the information you write comes from other authors. For example, use "Smith thinks", "Smith found" and "Smith expressed different views" to express the author.
7. Don't quote directly. The summary must be written in your own language. Therefore, if there is no way to express the original information, you can only quote it directly. If possible, don't have any direct references in the overview.
8. Check your abstract against the original text. The summary must be concise, complete, true and objective. The length of the summary is at least a quarter of the original text, and it can't be shorter. Control the length of the contour with reference to your contour.
The abstract must contain all the main points of the article, but it cannot be a retelling of the original text.
To sum up, we must accurately explain the original views and conclusions.
The abstract shall not show your personal analysis or opinions on the original text. If you have an analysis of the findings of the original text, you'd better write it in other parts of the paper.
Method 3: Write an overview for a scientific or research article.
1, indicating the purpose of the experiment or research. In essence, this is the theme of the article. Explain the content of the study and why the researchers did it. When you introduce the article, point out how the purpose of the researcher coincides with the purpose of your own paper.
A brief description of the academic status of researchers can strengthen the reliability of reviews and articles.
2. Explain the hypothesis of the researcher. At the beginning of the overview, the author explains the results that researchers hope to get at the end of the study. Don't give any hint as to whether the hypothesis is correct.
3. Describe the experimental method. In order to further increase the reliability of the research, you need to describe the experimental method clearly and briefly. Explain the theme.
Describe the purpose of the experiment. This includes the timetable of the experiment, how the subjects are divided into groups, and the difference between the experimental group and the reference group.
Similarly, describe the tasks or actions that need to be taken during the experiment.
4. Write the results. Describe the experimental method and explain the experimental results. If possible, write down percentages and ratios.
Put forward any irregularities in the results.
5. Explain the researcher's analysis of the results. State the researcher's conclusions according to the results. Don't write your own analysis in the overview. If there is an analysis of the results, it is best to write it in other parts of the paper.
Method 4: Write an overview of the rebuttal or argumentative essay.
1, find out the author's paper. At the beginning of your paper, retell the theme of the original text in your own language. The title should be a sentence, which is a summary of the author's views or ideas.
You can also briefly explain the overall relationship between this topic and the topic, or briefly outline the topic, but if you have described the topic at the beginning of the paper, this part can be omitted.
2. State the author's main argument. Explain each main argument in the text, including the arguments that can help you understand this argument. This part of the overview may be difficult to write. The original author will cite many details to support the argument. You need to pick out the most important details and the details that can be omitted.
Summarize the central argument and the arguments directly related to your paper. If an argument has nothing to do with your paper, you can skip it as long as the topic does not depend entirely on it.
3. Find out the arguments used by the author to refute other arguments. Because refuting a paper is usually refuting another point of view, you should explain all the evidence or opinions in the paper that refute other points of view clearly. However, if there are no arguments in the article, when you write an overview, don't speculate on the arguments that the article may use. If you want to speculate on relevant information, wait until the summary is finished.
4. State the author's conclusion. Usually, this is another expression of the theme of the original text. In the overview, don't show your personal conclusions. State only the author's conclusions or opinions.
Method 5: Write an overview for the magazine or news.
1, write down the main events in the article. In your notes, list all the major events described in the article. The events in the text may not be written in chronological order. When you write down the main events, number them in chronological order, and then write an overview.
2. Arrange the main events in chronological order. If the news is not written in chronological order, you should rearrange the events in chronological order when writing. An overview of the original text is basically an overview of the story or event that happened. Although the original text may only focus on one point of the event, your summary should restore the whole picture of the event.
If possible, explain the background of the story. If a single news article only writes a part of a series of events, you should also explain the relationship between the events in the article and this series of events. This is especially important for a series of events, but it is not actually an article.
For example, if you are doing an overview of an article that students are not allowed to bring peanut butter sandwiches in schools, you can consider mentioning that other schools in this area have also taken the same measures.
4. Mention editorial comments or conclusions. If the reporter or editor draws a conclusion in the article, or expresses his views on the event, write it in the summary. In the overview, don't express your personal views or analysis of the article.