In which dynasty was Wutaishan Beige Temple built? We have a long history and rich cultural background. Many ancient buildings have been handed down to this day, but many cultural relics have not been preserved. The following is about which dynasty the Beige Temple in Wutai Mountain was built.

In which dynasty was Beige Temple in Wutai Mountain built? 1 Beige Temple was built in the late Tang Dynasty, in the eleventh year of Emperor Taizong (AD 857).

Description: Ding Dian with single eaves. Seven rooms are 34 meters wide; Four deep rooms, 17.66 meters. Its column network consists of inner and outer columns, forming an inner groove with a width of five rooms and a depth of two rooms and an outer groove with a week; There is a huge Buddhist altar in the second half of the inner trough, facing the center of the studio. There are three main buddhas and threatened bodhisattvas. There are more than 20 bodhisattvas and powerful gods scattered on the altar, all of which are statues of the Tang Dynasty. The arhats on the gables and back walls were added by later generations. There are five board doors in the center of the front of the temple, two windows at the end, thick walls on the other three sides, and only one "fan wall" behind the gable.

Architectural Evaluation: Bugu Temple Hall is the largest existing wooden structure building in Tang Dynasty and the second earliest wooden structure building in China (second only to Nanchan Temple Hall in Wutai County). It broke the Japanese scholar's conclusion that Wutai Mountain and China had no early wooden structures, so it was praised as "the first treasure of China architecture" by architect Liang Sicheng.

Beige Temple is well-known because it was rebuilt in the East Hall of the main hall in the 11th year of the Tang Dynasty. Its discovery, fame and fate are closely related to Liang Sicheng, the eldest son of Liang Qichao, a famous architect in China, and his wife Lin.

Beigao Temple faces east and west. The easternmost highland is about 12-3 meters higher than the ground in front, with seven rooms wide and four rooms deep, and a single roof, with a total area of 677 square meters.

Although the main hall of Wuke Temple was built 75 years later than that of Nanchan Temple, its scale far exceeds that of nanzenji, and there are few changes in its later renovation. Therefore, the East Hall is generally regarded as a model of China's imitation of Tang architecture.

In which dynasty was Beige Temple in Wutai Mountain built? Bugu Temple was founded in the period of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 47 1-499). It flourished in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, enjoying a good reputation in Chang 'an, Dunhuang and other places, and was quite influential in Japan and Southeast Asia. When the Buddha was destroyed in Tang Wuzong (84 1-846), the Beigao Temple was destroyed, and the existing East Hall was rebuilt in the 11th year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (877), with statues, murals and stone carvings inside and tomb towers and buildings outside.

They are all relics of the Tang Dynasty and are priceless. The inner hall of the North Temple is magnificent, with the layout of Shu Lang, and the master and slave are completely different. The whole temple consists of three courtyards, the first one is the lowest and the third one is the highest. The second yard is full of flowers and the environment is the most beautiful. The East Hall in the temple is a relic of the Tang Dynasty, backed by a high platform, which is magnificent and simple, overlooking the whole temple.

This hall is seven rooms wide and four rooms deep, with a simple appearance. Doors, windows, walls, arches, columns, etc. are all painted with vermilion soil and decorated with colorful paintings. The main hall has exquisite structure, thick arch and regular beam cutting; The roof of the temple is tiled, and the ridge material is yellow-green glazed tile. A pair of tall and powerful glass kisses stand at both ends of the roof. The whole hall looks vibrant, beautiful and noble.

Tang Dynasty, eleven years, AD 857.

Knowledge point deduction:

Shanxi belongs to Foguang New Village, 30 kilometers away from the county seat. Therefore, the temple has a long history, and the Buddhist cultural relics in the temple are precious, so it is known as the "Buddha Light of Asia".

The main hall in the temple, the East Hall, was built in 857 AD. In terms of construction time, the main hall of Wutai County, which was built in the third year of Tang Jianzhong (AD 782), ranks second among the existing wooden buildings in China.

The murals and inscriptions of Beidou Temple in Tang Dynasty have high historical and artistic value and are called "Four Musts".

The East Hall is the main hall of Bei Gong Temple, occupying the highest position in the last courtyard of the whole temple. The temple was built in the 11th year of Tang Dynasty (AD 857). On the original site of Maitreya Buddha Pavilion, it was presided over by female disciple Ning Shizi and monk Cheng Cheng.

The East Hall is seven rooms wide and four rooms deep. In Mr. Wang's words, this temple is a typical building in the Tang Dynasty, with a "big arch and a far eaves". According to the measurement, the cross section of the bucket arch is 2 10X300 cm, which is ten times that of the bucket arch in the late Qing Dynasty. The eaves of the temple protrude as high as three or six meters, which is not found in wooden structures after the Song Dynasty. At the same time, the top of the main hall frame adopts a triangular herringbone frame. The service time of this beam-frame structure ranks first among the existing wood structures in China.

In the early 1980s, people found the news about people visiting Beidou Temple in the Tang Dynasty behind the door of the main hall. It can be seen that this gate should be a relic of the Tang Dynasty. It can be inferred that this door panel with a history of over 100 years is the oldest wooden door in China.

In addition, the roof of the main hall is relatively flat, with blue tiles 50 cm long, 30 cm wide and 2 cm thick. The roof of the temple is made of yellow-green glass, with vivid shape and bright colors.

There are five rooms in the East Room. There are thirty-five statues of the Tang Dynasty on the altar. Among them, there are 33 statues of Buddha, Buddha, Buddha and King Kong, with heights ranging from1.95m to 5.3m.. There are also two statues, one built by Ning Gong and the other by an honest monk.

Although these two statues are smaller than the thirty-three statues, their shapes are very vivid. In addition, there are 296 Ming Dynasty statues on the west and back of the main hall. These arhats were originally 500 statues. 1954, due to the rain, part of it was crushed by the collapsed back wall.

On the wall of the East Hall, there are 10 square meters of Tang Dynasty murals, all of which are Buddhist stories. Thousands of figures, together with their decorations and clothing patterns, are painted very exquisitely. Solemn Buddha statues, charitable bodhisattvas, mighty kings, colorful and devout believers are all vividly painted. The belt is fluttering and the sleeves are chic, which embodies the charm of Tang paintings.

There are many inscriptions left by Tang people under the four beams on the left and right of the hall. The words "Observe and handle the festival in Hedong", "The successful person is the right army deputy general Wang" and "The Buddhist monk has sent a female disciple Ning Gong to meet him" are very clear and are precious ink marks in the Tang Dynasty.

In which dynasty was Wutaishan Beige Temple built? Bukkoji is located on the mountainside of Foxing Mountain, about 5 kilometers east of Nantaidou Village, Wutai County, Shanxi Province. It was built in the period of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty and rebuilt in the Tang Dynasty. Most of the wooden buildings we can see today were preserved in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Before Beixing was rediscovered, most of the architectural forms of wooden structures in the Tang Dynasty could only be verified in historical documents.

"Nine doors in heaven reveal the palace que, and many countries bow their pearls." The grandeur of the Tang Dynasty architecture ending with words has always fascinated architects. As early as 1932, Liang Sicheng expressed his ideas and inferences about the wooden buildings in the Tang Dynasty in his paper "Buddhist temples and palaces as we know them": "If our future scholars or archaeologists can find the remains of wooden buildings in the hinterland of Sui and Tang Dynasties, I am afraid it will only be an isolated trace and cannot show its overall layout and practice."

However, since the investigation of Dule Temple in Jixian County in 1932, Liang Sicheng and his wife Lin have traveled all over the country and found more than 800 ancient buildings in 100, but even the "solitary traces" of wooden buildings in Tang Dynasty have not been found.

Examples can't be tested, and the text description is limited. Liang Sicheng and Lin's textual research on the wooden structures in the Tang Dynasty began to extend to painting, and Dunhuang murals, which flourished in the Tang Dynasty and had rich artistic themes, became the breakthrough point of research.

In this respect, the materials collated and demonstrated by Frenchman pelliot provided a reference for Liang Sicheng and Lin to discover and study Wu Keji. Pelliot is a sinologist who is well versed in China culture and a plunderer of Dunhuang culture. He went to Dunhuang for a field trip in 1908, which lasted for three weeks. He carefully selected more than 2,000 volumes of Buddhist scriptures and brought them back to France.

During his stay in Dunhuang, pelliot took photos of many caves in the Mogao Grottoes, sorted them out and published them, and named them "Catalogue of Dunhuang Grottoes". In these photos, Liang Sicheng found that the Wutai Mountain Map in Cave 6 1 clearly marked the landform and temple distribution in Wutai Mountain and its surrounding areas from the late Tang Dynasty to the Five Dynasties, including a temple named "Great Bukkoji".

According to the description in the mural, Liang Sicheng consulted the ancient books related to Wutai Mountain, and found relevant records in Liang Qingshan Zhi, one of the nine records of Wutai Mountain in Ming Dynasty. That is, Beixing Temple, which was built in the Northern Wei Dynasty, was destroyed by "Huichang Fanan" in the Tang Wuzong period (845), but it was rebuilt after 12 years.

Discovery journey

If Bukoji has not been destroyed by natural and man-made disasters again after reconstruction, and has not experienced large-scale reconstruction in later generations, then its existence will provide precious examples for the study of wooden structures in Tang Dynasty. So, in late June of 1937, Liang Sicheng and Lin arrived in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province by train from Beiping, and then went north to Wutai Mountain by mule car from Taiyuan.

After a day's trek, they arrived at their destination at dusk the next day, about 5 kilometers east of Waidou Village, Nantai, Wutai Mountain. Everywhere you go, huge ancient building slopes and overhangs can be seen in the depths of Cangshan Linhai in the sunset. Come closer, and the East Hall of the temple will be fully displayed in front of their eyes.

"The arch is far from the eaves" is the first impression of Liang Sicheng and Lin on the appearance of the main hall, which is also consistent with the architectural appearance of the Tang Dynasty recorded in historical materials. After a long period of development, the wooden buildings in China have achieved modular production in the Tang Dynasty. After the width and depth of wooden components such as bucket arch and beam frame are determined, the specifications and dimensions can be accurately determined, and then the craftsmen perform programmed operations and assemble them after the local components are processed, so a huge bucket arch appears.

During this period, the roof of the building adopted the style of "two-level rafters". This design makes the eaves of the first section smooth, and the second section protrudes outward, forming a neat style of "one fold and one stroke". According to Liang Sicheng, who is familiar with the ancient buildings in China, Beidou Temple is rich in natural "tang style", but the similarity in style alone is not enough to draw the following conclusions. Only by finding the exact written records in the temple can we judge the overall background and specific construction date of the building.

The process of further textual research is more difficult. The hall in disrepair only maintains the integrity of the main structure, and the furnishings in the hall are messy. Liang Sicheng's later book "Notes on Five Bukoji Buildings" is full of descriptions of textual research details: "Dust accumulated on it is several inches thick, such as stepping on cotton. When we visited with a flashlight, we saw that the purlin had been occupied by bats, and thousands of groups gathered on it and could not be driven away. It is disappointing that it is unknown whether there is an inscription on the purlin.

We continued to visit and suddenly saw the ancient method of "crossing hands" on the beams, which is an isolated case in domestic wood structures. Such an accident surprised us, and it was like a treasure. When taking pictures, bats are startled by the light, the smell is unbearable, and the work is unimaginable. "