There are 327 textile enterprises in Linyi, of which 209 have export performance. In 2008, the sales revenue was 4 billion yuan, and the tax revenue was 65.438+0.8 billion yuan. The export value is 3 1 10,000 USD, accounting for about 60% of wickerwork's export value; Six enterprises rank among the top export 10 of willow products in China. This year, there are 654.38+0.45 enterprises with export value exceeding US$ 6.5438+0.00 million, accounting for 45% of all households. At present, the agricultural industrialization management in Linyi City has formed a pattern driven by three business models, supported by eight leading industries, interactive development of the eastern, central and western regions, and continuous improvement of linkage mechanism.
Salix psammophila industry, as an important part of agricultural industrialization in Linyi, has become one of the important foreign exchange earning industries in Linyi. It has occupied the second place in the export of three major forest products in Linyi City. Willow willow, alias dustpan willow, bucket willow and wicker, belongs to Salicaceae. It has the characteristics of moisture-proof, barren resistance, high spring rate, slender and tough wicker, white and smooth strips after peeling, and becomes a good weaving material. With the increasing demand for green, environmental protection and handmade wickerwork handicrafts in the international market in recent years, the industry in wickerwork is developing on a large scale. There are five main techniques in wickerwork craft: flat weaving, grain weaving, knitting, masonry weaving and hemming.
Flat weaving This is the main work of weaving flat cushion foil. Its characteristic is that the warp and weft are interwoven and interwoven with each other, and you can choose one to press one, two to press two, one to press two and two to press one, thus forming different interwoven patterns. The reed mat foil first presses the reed into a flat piece, and then weaves it, which is also a flat weaving work. Other sorghum bark weaving, bamboo strip weaving and cattail weaving are also mainly flat weaving. On the contrary, the plain weave of wicker weaving is not much.
Twisting and twisting is also a kind of work characterized by warp knitting and weft knitting. The difference between it and flat knitting machine is that in warp knitting, the warp and weft of flat knitting machine are the same, they move at the same time and knit forward; Arrange warp piles first, which can be ropes, strips, bamboo poles or even iron wires, and then cross the warp piles up and down with braided strips (willow, locust and bamboo) to bypass them circularly. After knitting, the surface is completely covered by weft knitting, and the warps are not exposed. Twisting requires weft-knitted sliver to be soft and tough, so it is often used to weave wicker.
Le bian Le weaving is a traditional wicker weaving work. Articles woven by le are generally called "tying goods". This method takes hemp rope as warp and wicker as weft, and the hemp rope alternately passes through wicker once, and is tied tightly around the buckle. Usually, dustpans, baskets, baskets, wicker bags, etc. What is seen by people is woven into the main body in this way. It is often necessary to weave wooden boards, handles or frames on the edge of woven utensils to make the periphery neat and tidy.
Masonry is one of the common jobs in traditional hand weaving. Objects made with masonry techniques are generally called "masonry goods". Its method is mostly used to weave circular objects. The method is to gather woven objects into bundles, and then pass these bundles through with stronger strips. Common chopping boards, rice baskets and waste paper baskets are all made in this way.
Wrap the edge. It is essential to supplement auxiliary jobs. Mainly used for the edge and handle part of flat knitting machine. This method mostly takes hard materials as the core, and outside the core, soft strips (rattan skin, plastic belt, bamboo skin, etc.) are used. ) are wound in a certain direction, on the one hand, it is fixed, on the other hand, it plays the role of surface decoration. One or more strips can be used for hemming. The single line is neatly arranged, and the effect is simple and generous. Many strips can be made of materials of various colors, and patterns can be woven when they are wound. It can be seen at the edge and joint of wax rod furniture, wickerwork products and screens.
A large population and a small amount of land is a prominent problem faced by the agricultural population in Linyi City. How to improve the land benefit per unit area of a household on limited cultivated land has become a difficult problem for leaders and farmers. Developing Salix psammophila planting and wickerwork processing industry is a sustainable development road explored by farmers in Linyi city in the process of gradual production. Salix psammophila planted in Linyi area can be harvested continuously for 4-5 years once a year, twice a year, with an average output value of about 2,600 yuan per mu, and the cost per mu in that year was 600 yuan. The sales of Salix psammophila are mainly brokers, and the tasks are divided into wickerwork households in the form of order processing by industrial and art companies with import and export rights according to the design, variety and quantity stipulated in foreign orders. Its wicker products are of high quality, and the main production tools in wicker products are laundry basket, dustpan, bucket, basket bucket, tin foil plug for car, cart basket, dung dustpan, granary, wicker cap and so on.
The main daily necessities in wickerwork are wicker box (bag), rice basket, vegetable basket (round or oval), colander, needle and thread basket, kang mat, reed foil and so on. Especially for daily necessities, the preparation process is more detailed and elegant. Choose smooth and tough branches (mulberry branches are better) and make them into soft strips like jade. When weaving, they are woven tightly and evenly. Such as ladies' sewing baskets and flower baskets. Sometimes dyed rags or sorghum skins are used to weave cross-shaped or mouth-shaped geometric patterns, which are very beautiful. Even rough food baskets, baskets, etc. Sometimes green wicker and peeled white strips are intertwined to form a three-dimensional pattern, which is also very beautiful.
Main export varieties. Among the export products, wickerwork is from coarse to fine, from "Xialiba people" to "Chun Xue", which is mainly the result of continuous innovation by folk artists according to the needs of foreign lifestyles and environmental layout. At present, due to the improvement of technical added value and artistic added value, such products are becoming more and more important in export.
Laundry basket Used to hold dirty clothes to be washed, it used to be put in the bathroom, but now it has entered the bedroom, so the shape is more and more exquisite. Its shape is round and square, and its size varies, and most of them are vertical and covered.
Flower pot set. Used to cover the outside of flowerpots to make flowerpots more beautiful, mostly used in living rooms and public places. There are various sizes, the top is big, the bottom is slightly small, the edges are neat, and it can also be dyed.
Hanging basket Used to hang in the room, with potted flowers or flowers inserted in the water. There are two kinds of shallow abdomen (for flower arrangement in water) and deep abdomen (for potted flowers), which are connected by hanging ropes made of plant fibers and filled with potted flowers or flowers to decorate and beautify the environment. Specifications also vary in size.
Fruit bowl. For fruit, it can be made into a basket, basin or basket, with or without a handle. Using the contrast between the texture of knitted fabric and the texture of fruit, it is very elegant and beautiful to put it on the indoor coffee table and dining table.
Animal nests and cages. It is for dogs, cats and other small animals to rest indoors, not for a long time. It can also be used to hold small animals for travel. Its shape is generally square bottom, round bottom or herringbone bottom, with doors, windows or air holes, lifting systems, handle rings and other devices, with various sizes and specifications.
The export varieties are famous for their novel styles, beautiful shapes and exquisite workmanship, and enjoy a high reputation in the international market. Products sell well in more than 30 countries and regions such as the United States, Japan, France, Britain, Canada, the Netherlands and Hong Kong.
I. Main advantages
Linyi City is one of the largest Salix psammophila producing areas in the world at present, and it is also one of the main producing areas of wickerwork products in China. Wickerwork is a traditional export commodity of this city, and its products are exported to Europe, America, the Middle East, Africa and more than 20 countries and regions.
First, planting Salix psammophila has obvious resource advantages. The planting area of Salix psammophila has grown to more than 250,000 mu, with an annual output of more than 700,000 tons. It is one of the largest Salix psammophila planting bases in China. Among them, many counties and towns have planted willows for more than 300 years. Stripped wicker is white in color, uniform in thickness, high in toughness and good in texture, and it is an excellent material for weaving all kinds of wicker products.
Secondly, it has the advantages of wickerwork products. The willows produced in this city are not only suitable for weaving wicker products, but also suitable for various weaving methods. At present, wickerwork's commodities in our city have developed from the initial general daily necessities to household items and pet items, with the continuous improvement of grades and increasing varieties of colors. According to the raw and auxiliary materials, we can produce pure wicker and six kinds of products, including grass willow, cloth willow, wood willow, vegetation and willow iron, which can basically meet the needs of the international market.
Third, there is the talent advantage of wickerwork output. Wickerwork products are widely circulated handicrafts in Linyi City, "basket weaving, basket weaving, every family has it", and there are enough knitting technicians. In Linshu, Tancheng and other major production counties in wickerwork, almost every family has rich experience in making wickerwork products. Some employees 10 years knitting experience accounts for more than 80%, which effectively ensures the quality and grade of products. There are more than 100 professional villages engaged in Salix psammophila cultivation in the city, with 250,000 employees and an annual income of nearly 10 billion yuan. At the same time, wickerwork's export started early and developed rapidly, and more than 65,438+0,000 professional foreign trade talents were trained, including more than 300 with bachelor degree or above and more than 600 full-time designers.
Fourth, wickerwork products have the advantage of environmental protection of raw materials. Wickerwork enterprises develop new products in strict accordance with environmental protection requirements. In addition to the main materials, the paint and cloth accessories used also meet the requirements of environmental protection. The products produced in wickerwork also have the characteristics of environmental protection and pollution-free. In recent years, they have been widely recognized by developed countries, especially the European Union, the United States and other countries with high requirements for environmental protection, and their share in the international market has been expanding.
Fifth, wickerwork's export has become an important channel for local farmers to increase their income. Wickerwork is a labor-intensive industry with a small profit margin. Most enterprises operate in the form of companies and weavers, and there are more than 80 enterprises with more than 200 weavers in the city. This not only reduces the cost of enterprises, but also solves the employment problem of a large number of surplus labor in rural areas, providing an effective way for farmers to increase their income and social stability.
Second, the main problems
First, wickerwork's exports are mainly small and medium-sized enterprises, and the scale is generally small. Wickerwork has low technical content, low start-up capital and low industry threshold. In recent years, export enterprises have proliferated, but the scale is generally small. In 2007, the average export of wickerwork enterprises with export performance was 1.0 1.000 USD, which was lower than the city's nearly 700,000 USD. There are 9 companies whose export value exceeds US$ 5 million, and only one company whose export value exceeds US$ 1 0 million.
Second, wickerwork has a wide range of products, but there is little difference in style. There are about 5 categories, more than 300 subcategories and more than 2,000 varieties of wickerwork products in this city. Every enterprise will constantly introduce distinctive new products according to customer requirements and market demand. However, due to the low technology content of products, simple knitting technology and similar styles of knitted products, the products are similar and the competition is fierce.
Third, affected by multiple factors, enterprises are difficult to operate. First of all, sea freight continues to climb. With the rise of international oil price, the freight rate has risen from 45 yuan per cubic meter last year to 95 yuan now. According to enterprises, the sea freight per container increased by about 6,543,800 yuan. Second, the renminbi continues to appreciate. Since the exchange rate reform, the cumulative appreciation of RMB against the US dollar has exceeded 15%. It has a great impact on the bamboo products industry with low added value and low technical content. According to estimates, for every RMB appreciation 1 percentage point, the profits of wickerwork industries will be reduced by about 3 percentage points. Third, the prices of raw and auxiliary materials have risen. Since last year, wicker, water grass rope, cloth and paint have increased by about 20% on average. Fourth, labor costs have increased. Affected by the continuous rise of domestic CPI, employees' wages have increased. Fifth, the level of enterprise management is low. Most of the business leaders of the wicker factory are local farmers with more work experience, but limited by the educational level, the operating cost of the enterprise is high.
Third, the countermeasures to promote the healthy development of wickerwork industry
(A) the establishment of bamboo weaving industry development coordination mechanism. Opinions on promoting the standardized development of bamboo weaving industry in Linyi City will be issued as soon as possible, and a joint coordination leading group will be established, headed by relevant municipal leaders and attended by foreign trade, industry and commerce, customs, inspection and quarantine, national tax and other departments, to further standardize the development of bamboo weaving industry.
(2) Increase policy support for the development of bamboo weaving industry. Formulate policies to support the development of enterprises in wickerwork. Give appropriate subsidies to enterprises to participate in exhibitions at home and abroad and export credit insurance; Strengthen talent support and actively guide outstanding foreign trade talents to work in wickerwork industries; For the brand products of wickerwork industries, while guiding qualified enterprises to carry out overseas registration, actively recommend them to participate in the selection of export brands in Shandong and the whole country, timely carry out brand-name creation activities in wickerwork industries, and give financial support to brand enterprises.
(3) Strengthen industry self-discipline. Give full play to the role of woven handicrafts import and export association, organize some key enterprises to formulate technical specifications for industry development as soon as possible, introduce self-discipline regulations within the industry, unify their positions, and improve the price coordination ability in the international market. At the same time, constantly improve the management level of enterprises.
(D) to create a good development environment for enterprises. Give full play to the functions of foreign trade and economic cooperation departments, and coordinate relevant departments to reasonably collect comprehensive virtual taxes such as national tax, afforestation fund and river maintenance fee. Wickerwork opened a "green channel" in the city and issued a "green pass" to enterprises in wickerwork. Only vehicles transporting finished containers exported to the wicker factory will be charged the bridge toll, while vehicles transporting raw materials and semi-finished products will be exempted from the bridge toll to avoid repeated charges. Coordinate with the financial department to give preferential loans to large-scale and reputable woven goods processing and production enterprises.