Shakespeare is indeed a great writer. His works include both tragedies and comedies. It can be said that his plays contain very profound meanings. Just like other outstanding writers and artists in the Renaissance, his works are full of concern for human nature, such as passionate dialogue like a poet and profound thinking like a philosopher, among which Shakespeare's four tragedies are the representatives.

Tragedy has its unique charm, and ancient Greek playwrights such as Sophocles and Aeschylus are all famous for their tragedies. An immortal "King Oedipus" has been studied by later generations for thousands of years, but its mystery cannot be exhausted. Psychology, religion and literature are all inspired by this drama. Shakespeare's tragedy is another insurmountable peak, and he can be compared with the prolific writers in ancient Greece. These works will not dry up like fountains, and always make us think about the meaning of life and even the universe.

I think tragedy should have the following four elements. No matter what kind of tragedy, these four basic elements can be found more or less. First, the conflict between ideal and reality. Second, the inevitable tragedy caused by human shortcomings. Third, it has nothing to do with the so-called fate. Fourth, the complete disillusionment of the ideal personality of tragic characters usually ends with the death of tragic characters.

The obvious tragic element in otero is the defect of otero's character. As long as people are jealous. But the tragedy of this play is not caused by otero's character, nor can it be attributed to the evil Khan Yaguo (I even like this schemer who dares to analyze his own psychology). At the beginning of the play, we can feel that the love between outlaw and Desdemona is doomed to be a tragedy. Desdemona didn't know outlaw. The reason why she likes otero is simple. She likes his legendary experience. In a word, she only likes romantic ideals. When Yago's wife warned Desdemona to be careful of outlaw's jealousy, she said, "I think he was sucked away by the sunshine of his birthplace." And otero has a little understanding of why his wife likes himself, or that his love for his wife is inherently uneasy. In this case, he loves Desdemona, hates it and fears it. In the end, Yaguo just played the role of a fuse, blowing this false, distrustful and unstable love to pieces, but the real explosion was on otero and Desdemona. From this perspective, this tragedy smacks of the protagonist's remorse. Perhaps this punishment is too heavy-it ends with the death of the hero and heroine, so it has a strong tragic color.

The tragedy of King Rhea seems to be rare in our lives. After all, we believe that family ties are the warmest and strongest. However, we should pay attention to the background of the play, which is full of court political struggles of powerful people. Politics can make everything dirty, and the pursuit of easy-to-get power and wealth can turn people into demons. There is a story about human nature in the west. There was a kind shepherd who was absolutely upright, but one day he got a ring and put it on so that he could be invisible. So the shepherd can do things that he couldn't do before. Finally, one day, he entered the palace, seduced the queen and plotted to kill the king. From then on, he became a complete tyrant. We can imagine that if he didn't get the ring, he must still be a kind person. Schopenhauer said that people have evil thoughts all the time, which is actually reasonable. The point is that people sometimes have no ability to do evil. The root of King Rhea's tragedy may be here. Japanese director Akira Kurosawa's masterpiece Chaos is based on King Rhea. The background of the story is the Warring States Period in Japan, which makes us feel more real. If it is a peaceful and prosperous time, how can this happen to ordinary people without power? . In fact, if we look at history, we will find that there are too many things that father and son kill each other for power. The tragedy of King Rhea lies in the degeneration of human nature, and Shakespeare has always reflected on the essence of human nature in this work. The ending of King Rhea is tragic, but note that if we change the ending slightly, the tragedy can suddenly become a comedy. If in the end, Cordelia, the youngest daughter of King Rhea, is still alive and King Rhea is not dead, then this is a happy ending, and tragedy can be turned into comedy. French playwright Moliere's comedy Hypocrite can also be easily transformed into a tragedy. The ending can be designed like this. The hypocrite Ansdorf succeeded in seizing Olgun's property, and his daughter Mariana had to marry Ansdorf. Mariana's lover Vallaire was imprisoned for trying to assassinate Ansdorf, Olgun's wife died of grief, and Olgun became a beggar. Mr. Lu Xun once said: "Tragedy is to break beautiful things for people to see." This is a more vivid statement, but it doesn't seem to involve the root of the tragedy.

Macbeth, like an ancient Greek tragedy, emphasized that fate mocked people. Macbeth was successful, but he believed the three witches' predictions, which were finally fulfilled, but Macbeth was also destroyed. This reminds me of King Oedipus by Sophocles and King Agamemnon by Aeschylus. People's actions are interfered by God, which of course reflects the defects of the protagonist's character. But "King Oedipus" hardly shows that King Oedipus's personality or his character will inevitably destroy him. It can be said that Oedipus is a kind person. When the inevitable fate comes, he is unable to escape. Perhaps the sadness of tragedy is reflected in people's innocence and helplessness, and the beauty of tragedy is reflected in the protagonist's struggle, although it seems futile.

It can be seen that there must be pain and death in tragedy. People like tragedy precisely because everyone is the protagonist of tragedy, because like tragedy, human life will end with death. But tragedy is not pessimistic, and our ending is inevitable. It is only in a short tragedy that we express an uncompromising eternal spirit. Therefore, knowing that the ideal is out of reach, we are still persistent in our pursuit, knowing that no one is perfect, but we still have to constantly improve ourselves, knowing that fate is impermanent, but we are not afraid at all. Death is the end of life, but it is not the goal of life.