Under the pull system, an important feature of modern supply chain operation is to grasp the market demand through timely and effective information transmission, and establish corresponding production, operation and logistics operation according to the actual demand. However, the development of modern e-commerce has laid a foundation for promoting the effective transmission and management of information, developing electronic logistics and even supply chain management.
Modern Electronic Commerce —— Extended Information Supply Chain Management
The development of modern e-Commerce can have a great impact on modern supply chain, mainly because today's e-commerce includes electronic logistics and electronic fulfillment of supply chain business. The so-called business realization is to meet the differentiated needs of customers or users and realize the whole service process including goods, which involves the collaborative work among enterprises, departments and individuals in the supply chain. In other words, under the traditional business form, the neglected high value-added activities such as personalized demand correspondence, service activities, make-to-order production, repair, modular mass customization and logistics services have been fully realized and highly concerned in modern e-commerce.
The emergence of modern e-commerce certainly didn't happen overnight. From the development form of business model, there are four main types:
(1)B2C form-that is, using e-retail or web pages to engage in commodity sales activities for consumers, the typical representative of this e-commerce is Amazon.com.
(2)B2B form-electronic trading market, which uses the network to realize transactions and connections between enterprises, and the representative enterprises are Cisco and Dell.
(3)C2C form-auction market, that is, the use of the network to achieve information exchange and transactions between consumers, such as the Yi Bei model.
(4) Modern electronic commerce (e-commerce)-This business model not only realizes the transactions between buyers and sellers, but also in order to effectively realize value-added services, with the help of inter-enterprise networks, some businesses are outsourced, and enterprise groups * * * realize value-added activities to fully meet the individual needs of customers.
From the above four forms of e-commerce development, we can see that the essential feature of modern e-commerce is to emphasize the core enterprise as the center, organize partner enterprises organically through the network, and provide customers with comprehensive solutions, not just transactions or delivery. Specifically, the characteristics of e-commerce are as follows:
1. E-commerce not only uses the Internet or Web to sell to consumers or customers, but also integrates enterprise information in all commercial networks to achieve differentiated services.
Now we are in an era of extremely rich information, and enterprises can transmit some extremely important figures through information systems.
It is reported that information such as cash flow and order management is transmitted to enterprises or individuals who need these data in the network, and the pressure of market competition also urges enterprises to continuously improve the level of these information.
With the strong connection of information, the operation of enterprises has achieved a high degree of flexibility and can meet the preferences of consumers in time. As a result, an enterprise network or supply chain is formed, which aims at satisfying consumers or customers and dominates specific market segments. At this time, the networking of e-commerce makes the media of information transmission develop from paper, bills, telephone and face-to-face communication to digitalization. This digitization is mainly manifested in two aspects: one is to build a real-time communication network connecting enterprises, and the other is to continuously accumulate various information such as data, and enterprises conduct effective management activities according to the database. At this time, the key to business operation for enterprises is visibility, that is, the business process or order processing process is anywhere. Secondly, connectivity, that is, information between supply chain enterprises is interconnected through EDI or the Internet.
2. Modern e-commerce is developing towards business process outsourcing from the perspective of supply chain as a whole.
The content of modern e-commerce has been greatly expanded, including the business flow and logistics of the whole supply chain, that is, information exchange, order fulfillment, pre-sales and after-sales service activities, warehousing, electronic payment, transportation and distribution. Every activity provides the necessary guarantee for enterprises to realize value-added. As an enterprise engaged in e-commerce, it may not have such comprehensive management ability and operation ability. Only by outsourcing some business to professional enterprises can the supply chain performance be truly realized. In this way, a new LogisticsServiceProvider began to appear. On the one hand, it appears as the undertaker of B2C, B2B and C2C backstage office or warehousing and transportation activities. On the other hand, through the establishment of network organization and the integration of capabilities, efficient and low-cost business operations have been truly realized.
3. Modern e-commerce has refined the organizational structure of enterprises and started to develop into virtual organizations.
The biggest feature of the development of e-commerce is the realization of network management. The network here has two meanings. One is the computer communication network of transaction logistics system, including the connection between logistics distribution center and suppliers and manufacturers through computer network, and the business communication between upstream and downstream enterprises also needs to be realized through computer network, such as the delivery of orders and the confirmation of transaction formation. With the help of electronic ordering system (EOS) and EDI on the value-added network; In addition to computer networks, the networking of e-commerce means the networking of organizations.
Because modern e-commerce combines the whole supply chain through business outsourcing, the organizational structure of a single enterprise presents the characteristics of refinement and efficiency. On the one hand, the original organization has a huge organizational structure, more employees and more management levels because all its businesses operate internally, while under the condition of e-commerce, because most professional business activities are handed over to external enterprises, the management levels and personnel are less, and the operation tends to be flexible; On the other hand, under the original business operation mode, due to the huge scale of enterprises, complex management activities and low operation efficiency, modern e-commerce has greatly improved the performance of business operation by organically integrating various technologies and skills with the help of electronic information networks. And because the same business process is realized by different professional enterprises, information and plans are shared among these enterprises. Therefore, under the impetus of e-commerce, the characteristics of virtualized organizations began to appear.
Management reform and technical support of business process under e-commerce
From the above characteristics of e-commerce, we can see that the fundamental change of e-commerce lies in the complete reflection of commodity flow, capital flow, technology flow and business flow in information flow, which is organized and dominated by information flow, thus leading to the reorganization and revolutionary integration of value and industrialization in this process. Specifically, the impact of e-commerce on business process change is mainly reflected in the change from network to complete connection through Value Star Group [3].
The formation of 1. network
The formation of network is the initial stage for enterprises to change the management of business processes from complete internal to inter-enterprises. Prior to this, the management of enterprise business was often decentralized, and the functions of procurement, production, inventory, distribution and marketing were separated from each other, and all management focuses were confined to the enterprise. In the network stage, great changes have taken place, which are reflected in the following aspects: on the one hand, various business activities are paid attention to and managed as a whole, and people realize that only by comprehensively and harmoniously controlling various businesses can the maximum business performance be achieved; On the other hand, the perspective of enterprise management has also begun to shift from pure internal to external, which is manifested in the continuous communication and coordination between functional managers of enterprises and functional managers of other enterprises in order to maximize the performance of functional management.
Specifically, in the purchasing stage, purchasing managers of different enterprises begin to communicate information, improve the resource search level of enterprises, and reduce the cost of order processing and payment processing; In the production stage, all members of the network began to seek computer-aided design and production systems, thus forming the embryonic form of collaborative design and planning; In the distribution stage, the special group will discuss the best scheme of logistics supply and begin to pay attention to how many assets are playing a role in this potential network; In the inventory stage, enterprises began to pay attention to the optimization of order processing flow. In the process of warehousing operation, it not only saves a lot of time and cost for all parties, but also greatly shortens the cash turnover cycle. In the technical stage, a large amount of information existing in the inter-enterprise joint database will be analyzed to find out the most useful data; Finally, in the sales phase, the focus of the team is to help enterprises share information in specific market segments. After completing all the above functions, every enterprise will find it necessary to apply advanced technology and e-commerce means to its own network, and must have a system that can generate, transmit and utilize important data resources to meet the needs of customers or markets quickly. Therefore, a new type of electronic network has begun to take shape, laying the foundation for the next stage towards the Value Star Group.
2. The formation of the value chain constellation
At this stage, the formation of the network has brought certain benefits to the participating enterprises, partially improved the business process, and laid the foundation for enterprises to use e-commerce more deeply. At the same time, the core enterprises in the value chain have established a deeper trust relationship with other business partners. With the introduction of various activity cost information, enterprises have a further understanding of the cost of each step in the supply chain system, and began to reduce the supply chain cost through e-commerce and certain collaborative operation.
From the specific business operation, it is mainly manifested in the following aspects: in the procurement stage, all enterprises in the network calculate the total amount of purchased items, and gradually start joint procurement through the network form, effectively reducing the procurement cost; In the production stage, enterprises connect their respective resource planning systems (ERP) to carry out collaborative design, planning and scheduling in this way; In the distribution stage, many enterprises enjoy logistics resources by reasonably and effectively using the storage space, transportation equipment and distribution capacity in the whole network, which greatly reduces the logistics investment of a single enterprise and gives full play to the scale benefits of logistics resources utilization; In the inventory stage, the joint team can achieve real cost savings by reducing safety inventory and collaborative management of all inventory in the network; In the technical stage, with the wide application of various value-added applications and equipment, a network system of technology sharing has been formed among enterprises; In the field of sales, by analyzing the data of * * * *, the sales team will realize automation, which can dynamically analyze the market situation in real time and determine the most effective marketing methods or means.
3. A complete network connection is formed
In the process of implementing the value chain constellation, all commercial operations bring benefits to enterprises not only in cost saving and new income, but also help enterprises to make full use of the potential brought by e-commerce throughout the network. Due to the full use of new technology and the complete connection between enterprises in the supply chain, enterprises and consumers will gain great benefits from it. At this time, the e-commerce model will eventually be jointly developed and applied by all partners in the whole network.
At this time, the operation of the business field has undergone earth-shaking changes, and the procurement team can conduct a deeper resource search through Internet applications; The production team can also achieve a complete network plan and measure the performance of the work according to customer feedback; After determining the source of core production capacity in the supply chain, the utilization of resources will be optimized, and enterprises will realize the coordinated operation of production and distribution through electronic means; The distribution team can make full use of the resources inside and outside the enterprise, even those network providers who have almost no physical assets; The sales team can also inquire any information they need before each marketing activity, plan and manage the promotion activities of mass customization products through the members of the value chain, and make corresponding commodity sales plans.