China has a vast territory and complicated geographical and climatic conditions. It is one of the countries most seriously affected by natural disasters in the world, with many kinds of disasters, high frequency and serious losses. The most common disasters in China are floods, droughts, earthquakes, typhoons and landslides, which account for 80% to 90% of the total losses. Since 1949, the direct economic losses caused by natural disasters in China have been more than RMB 1000 billion per year, with more than 40 million hectares of crops and more than 200 million people affected. In recent years, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council attached great importance to dealing with public emergencies and constantly strengthened the construction of emergency system and mechanism. By consulting books and web pages, I have a certain understanding of disaster prevention and reduction. The following is the information I collected in books and web pages: natural disasters mainly include floods and droughts, meteorological disasters, earthquake disasters, geological disasters, marine disasters, biological disasters and forest and grassland fires. Serious natural disasters are not terrible. The key is scientific response and active defense, and we must adhere to the road of sustainable development in which man and nature live in harmony. Facts have proved that human unreasonable development and construction activities have aggravated natural disasters. Especially since the middle of last century, the burning of fossil energy has led to a large amount of greenhouse gases. Under the background of climate change characterized by global warming, extreme weather and climate disasters have gradually increased, the ecological environment has deteriorated sharply, the area of soil erosion and land desertification has been expanding, fresh water resources have become increasingly scarce, the atmosphere and water pollution have become increasingly serious, biodiversity has declined sharply, sea level has risen, and the environment for human survival and development has been seriously damaged. Therefore, we must protect the natural environment, strengthen ecological construction and save resources and energy from the strategic height of sustainable development. We should respect the laws of nature and adjust the industrial layout, especially the projects that have a great impact on the natural environment. It is necessary to plan ahead, strengthen planning and scientific design, so as to keep the living environment and important strategic infrastructure away from disaster-prone areas and fragile natural environments. In order to improve the ability to prevent and mitigate natural disasters, we must also rely on scientific and technological progress to improve the level of research, monitoring, prediction and early warning. At present, there is still a gap between the scientific level of monitoring, early warning and forecasting of major natural disasters and the needs of human social development, and the ability to predict extreme weather and climate events and future climate change trends needs to be improved. Due to the limitation of technical level, early warning information transmission is still a weak link in disaster prevention and mitigation in rural areas, mountainous areas and islands. It is necessary to further strengthen the research of earth system science, global change science and sustainable development science, develop advanced space-based, space-based, sea-based and ground-based detection technologies and earth system prediction model systems, and collect evolution information of atmosphere, ocean, land surface, ice and snow, vegetation and so on. Through the real-time monitoring of all circles of the earth system, the ability of monitoring, forecasting and forecasting extreme weather and climate events and their disasters will be improved and improved. On May 12, 2008, an earthquake of magnitude 8 occurred in Wenchuan, China. The beautiful rivers and mountains of the past have become ruins today, which has sounded the alarm for us. Facing the earthquake disaster, we can't stop it from coming, but we can protect our own safety by learning and understanding the escape skills. The following is the formula to avoid disaster and save yourself: when a big earthquake comes, there is an early warning and the ground trembles. Although it is only a few tens of seconds, it is most important to make a judgment. When the tall building is demolished, the elevator can't take it. In case of power failure, haste makes waste. The bungalow is very particular about shock absorption. Whether to run or stay, we can adjust measures to local conditions and miss the opportunity. Secondary disasters are very harmful and need to be prevented as much as possible. Power supply gas is a hidden danger, so you should close the brakes in time during an earthquake. It is difficult to stand on the uneven ground during a strong earthquake, and it is most obvious to avoid it nearby. There is a small room under the bed and table. It is safe to lie down. Fire is easy to happen during an earthquake. Lie on the ground and be calm. Cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel and bend over to crawl against the trend. It's terrible to drive in an earthquake. If you feel an earthquake, stop quickly and arrive at the scene to take shelter. Never get off at Gao Qiao. Don't run home after the earthquake. Aftershocks are inevitable. If you catch up with strong aftershocks, you can't stand it. I hope everyone can feel more secure after learning and understanding these knowledge of disaster prevention and relief!