Kublai Khan repeatedly issued decrees prohibiting Mongolian troops and Mongolian nobles from trampling on farmland and occupying farmland as pasture. Under strict orders, many Mongolian nobles gradually changed the way of grazing horses with fertile land, and changed to the exploitation way of renting farmland to farmers and collecting land rent.
At the beginning of his accession to the throne, Kublai Khan pointed out that "the country is based on the people, the people are based on food and clothing, and food and clothing are based on agriculture and mulberry", and it is necessary to "respect this and suppress the end" and persuade agriculture and mulberry. Five criteria are used to evaluate officials at all levels: "increasing households, opening up fields, simplifying characters, keeping thieves away, and maintaining equal service". In A.D. 1270, Kublai Khan changed the Ministry of Agriculture to the Ministry of Agriculture Advice, and later changed it to the Ministry of Agriculture Advice, which was in charge of "advising agriculture and mulberry".
At that time, after many Mongolians moved to the Central Plains, they relied on the government to release grain and never took part in farming. In view of this situation, Kublai Khan stopped supplying food to houses with horses, cows and sheep, and gave them cultivated land for their own cultivation. This makes a large number of idle first-class soldiers return to the farmland to farm.
In order to better develop agriculture, Kublai Khan also paid attention to organizing farmers and establishing farmers' "village cooperatives". It is stipulated that 50 companies are a cooperative, and the old man who is familiar with farming is the president. The president's duty is to organize farmers and urge them to cultivate, reclaim land, repair rivers and run sideline businesses in time. Anyone who cultivates a field must put a wooden sign next to the field that says "people from a certain society" so that the president can check it at any time. This village community system was later extended to all parts of the country and played an active role in organizing and encouraging farmers to carry out agricultural production.
In addition, Kublai Khan also attached great importance to summing up agricultural knowledge and popularizing agricultural technology. In order to develop agricultural production, Kublai Khan actively advocated improving agricultural technology, summing up agricultural knowledge and guiding farmers to cultivate. He ordered senior agricultural companies to collect all the books about agriculture and mulberry in the world and edit them into a book, Collection of Agriculture and Mulberry. This book refers to the essence of Qi Yao Min Shu and combines the practical experience of agricultural production at that time. 1273, Kublai Khan published this book and ordered officials all over the country to vigorously promote and publicize it. This policy has played a very good role in developing agricultural production and accumulating agricultural knowledge.
Kublai Khan adopted a series of policies and measures to develop agriculture, so that the nomadic people known as "people on horseback" quickly accepted the advanced agricultural production technology in the Central Plains, integrated all ethnic groups in the country and promoted the development of agricultural production.