The so-called green logistics is to plan and implement logistics activities such as transportation, warehousing, loading and unloading, distribution and processing, distribution and packaging with the goal of reducing environmental pollution and resource consumption. Green logistics is a new topic in recent years. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to discuss this issue. First, the cause analysis of green logistics 1. The awakening of human consciousness of environmental protection. With the continuous development of the world economy, the living environment of human beings is also deteriorating. Specific manifestations are: energy crisis, resource depletion, ozone hole expansion, environmental pollution and ecosystem imbalance. Taking environmental pollution as an example, the air pollution in more than 20 megacities around the world exceeds the standards set by the World Health Organization. Human understanding often lags behind the development of objective nature, and the significance of current ecological environment protection is gradually recognized by human beings. Since the 1960s, people's awareness of environmental protection began to awaken, and they paid great attention to environmental issues, realizing that there is only one earth, and we can't destroy human homes. Therefore, the green consumption movement has sprung up all over the world. Consumers not only care about their own safety and health, but also care about the improvement of the global environment, and refuse to accept products, services and corresponding consumption patterns that are not conducive to environmental protection, thus promoting the development of green logistics. At the same time, the Greenpeace movement has been launched on a global scale, and the environmental warriors have dealt a heavy blow to all kinds of behaviors that endanger the environment with their indomitable fighting spirit, which has also played an extremely important role in stimulating people's enthusiasm for environmental protection and promoting the development of green logistics. 2. Advocacy by governments and international organizations. The development of green logistics is closely related to government behavior. All countries with rapid development of green logistics benefit from the active advocacy of the government. The role of the government in promoting the development of green logistics is mainly manifested in the following aspects: first, increase investment to promote the development of environmental protection; Second, organize forces to supervise the development of environmental protection work; The third is to formulate special policies and decrees to guide enterprises' environmental protection behavior. Environmental protection is a great cause related to human survival and development, and international organizations have made great efforts and achieved remarkable results. 1992, the 27th General Assembly adopted a resolution to designate June 5th as World Environment Day, and World Environment Day set a special activity theme every year to promote the development of environmental protection in the world. International organizations such as the United Nations Environment Programme and the Environment Committee of the World Trade Organization have held many international environmental protection conferences and signed many international environmental protection conventions and agreements, paving the way for the development of green logistics to some extent. 3. The driving force of economic globalization. With the development of economic globalization, some traditional tariff and non-tariff barriers gradually disappear and environmental barriers gradually rise. Therefore, ISO 14000 has become a passport for many enterprises to enter the international market. The two basic concepts of ISO 14000 are pollution prevention and continuous improvement, which requires the establishment of an environmental management system to minimize the impact of every link of its business activities, products and services on the environment. If logistics enterprises want to occupy a place in the international market, developing green logistics is their rational choice. Especially after China's entry into WTO, most restrictions on foreign equity will be gradually lifted, and foreign logistics industry will enter China's market, which will inevitably bring great impact to the domestic logistics industry, which also means that there will be a fierce competition in the logistics industry in the future. Accelerating the development of green logistics is an important opportunity for China's logistics industry to meet future challenges and take the lead in the competition. 4. The need of sustainable development of modern logistics industry. Green logistics is the necessity of sustainable development of modern logistics. As a modern emerging industry, logistics industry depends on the professional division of labor in socialized mass production and the rapid development of economy. The development of logistics must be closely linked with green economic activities such as green production, green marketing and green consumption. Human economic activities cannot consume resources excessively, destroy the environment and cause repeated pollution because of logistics. In addition, green logistics is the only way for enterprises to reduce operating costs. It is generally believed that the manufacturing and processing time of products from production to sales only accounts for 10%, and almost 90% of the time is the logistics process such as warehousing, transportation, loading and unloading, sub-packaging, distribution processing and information processing. Therefore, logistics specialization undoubtedly laid the foundation for reducing costs. But at present, China's logistics is basically the operation mode of high-input big logistics and low-input small logistics, while green logistics emphasizes the mode of low-input big logistics. Obviously, green logistics is not only the cost reduction pursued by general logistics, but also energy-saving, efficient and less pollution, which can bring about a significant drop in logistics operating costs. Second, the theoretical basis of green logistics 1. Theory of sustainable development. The content of sustainable development theory includes the following aspects: First, ecological sustainability. Ecological sustainability requires changing the traditional development mode of simply pursuing economic growth and neglecting ecological environment protection, earnestly safeguarding the integrity of the whole life support system, maintaining biodiversity, protecting natural resources such as the atmosphere, fresh water, oceans, land and forests on which human beings depend from pollution and wanton infringement, and actively managing and repairing the damaged and polluted environment. Second, the economy continues. The economy constantly requires that through the adjustment of industrial structure and the development and application of high and new technologies, the mode of economic growth should be changed, the quality should be improved, the allocation should be optimized, the energy consumption should be reduced, the benefits should be increased, clean production and civilized consumption should be implemented, and the outflow and discharge of harmful wastes should be reduced, so that the economy and development can meet the needs of the present generation without endangering future generations. Third, society continues. The society constantly demands to actively promote the development of society in the direction of civilization, justice, safety and health, so as to improve the quality of human life. Therefore, we must control the population and improve the quality of the population; Rationally adjust the social distribution relationship and eliminate the inequality and polarization between the rich and the poor; Vigorously develop education, culture and health, and improve the scientific and cultural quality and health level of all people; Establish and improve the social security system and maintain social and political stability. It can be seen that sustainable development is neither economic development nor social development, nor ecological sustainability, but the sustainability of a three-dimensional complex system of ecology, economy and society. In this three-dimensional composite system composed of sustainable economy, sustainable ecology and sustainable society, it is a sustainable development based on ecological sustainability, led by economic sustainability and based on social sustainability. The application of sustainable development in modern logistics activities requires studying modern logistics from the perspective of environmental protection, so as to form an integrated logistics system, change the one-way relationship between economic development and logistics, curb the harm of logistics to the environment, and form a modern logistics system that can promote the healthy development of economy and consumer life. This has produced a brand-new concept "green logistics". 2. Ecological economics theory. The so-called ecological economics theory refers to the study of logistics cycle, energy cycle, value-added law and its application of economic system and ecosystem in the process of reproduction. Logistics is an important link in the process of social reproduction. In the process of logistics, there are not only material recovery and energy conversion, but also value realization. Therefore, logistics involves two systems: economy and ecological environment, which naturally bridges the economic benefits and ecological environment benefits. Economic benefits involve current and local interests that are more closely related, while environmental benefits involve more macro and longer-term interests. Economic benefits and environmental benefits are the unity of opposites. The latter is the natural basis and material source of the former, and the former is the economic manifestation of the latter. Guided by the general principles of economics and based on ecology, green logistics studies the relationship between logistics and economic behavior, economic relations and laws in the ecosystem, in order to seek the best combination and coordinated development of ecology and economy under the conditions of ecological balance, reasonable economy and advanced technology. 3. Ecological ethics theory. The ecological crisis faced by mankind forces people to reflect on their own behavior and bear human moral responsibility for the ecological environment. This has promoted the emergence and development of ecological ethics. Ecological ethics is an interdisciplinary subject that studies the relationship between man and nature from a moral point of view. According to the law of interaction between man and nature put forward by ecology, it takes morality as a means to coordinate the overall relationship between man and natural environment. Ecological ethics forces people to deeply reflect on the environmental problems in logistics, thus generating a strong sense of responsibility and obligation. For the immediate interests of future generations and for the healthier and safer survival and development of human beings, human beings should maintain ecological balance. Third, the implementation strategy of green logistics 1. Establish the concept of green logistics. Concept is a world outlook with fundamental and universal significance, a reflection of a certain level of productivity, living standards and ideological quality, and a guide to people's activities. Due to the long-term low productivity, people pay more attention to low-level problems such as food and clothing, and often ignore long-term interests for immediate interests and social interests for personal interests. It is precisely because of this irrational demand that enterprises start predatory management, ignoring long-term interests, ecological interests and social interests, leading to warnings from nature. People began to realize that all economic activities can not be separated from nature, take it from nature and return to nature. As a result, circular economy or green economy came into being, which caused changes in people's economic behavior and even social and economic structure. A series of new market systems and economic regulations force enterprises to reduce environmental costs and adopt green technology to carry out economic activities such as green production, green marketing and green logistics. Many experts believe that 2 1 century is a green century. According to the statistics of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the total global green consumption in 2000 has reached 300 billion US dollars, and will increase substantially in the future. Circular economy or green economy requires logistics enterprises to always consider people's short-term needs and long-term interests, enterprise interests and social interests, tangible interests and intangible interests in their business decisions. And with this concept, planning green logistics activities. Therefore, business operators must raise their awareness and change their ideas as soon as possible, and must not have the idea that "environmental protection is not economical, and green should be spent". They should regard green logistics as an important part of the global comprehensive green revolution, and confirm and face the future of green logistics. 2. Implement green logistics management. Logistics enterprises should formulate green management strategies from the perspective of environmental protection to promote the further development of green logistics. (1) Choose green transportation. Through the effective use of vehicles, reduce vehicle operation and improve distribution efficiency. For example, rationally plan outlets and distribution centers, optimize distribution routes, improve the same distribution, and improve the round-trip cargo rate; Change the mode of transportation, from road transportation to railway transportation or sea transportation; Use green tools to reduce exhaust emissions, and so on. (2) Advocate green packaging. Packaging is not only the guardian of commodities, but also the passport for commodities to enter the market. Green packaging should be eye-catching, environmentally friendly, and meet the 4R requirements, that is, less consumables (reduction), reusable, recyclable and recyclable. (3) Developing green distribution processing. From decentralized processing to specialized centralized processing, improve resource utilization and reduce environmental pollution through scale operation; Concentrate on the garbage generated in the distribution process, reduce garbage pollution, and so on. (4) Collect and manage green information. Logistics is not only the transfer of commodity space, but also the collection, arrangement, storage and utilization of relevant information. Green logistics requires collecting, sorting and storing all kinds of green information, and applying it to logistics in time to promote the further greening of logistics. 3. Develop green logistics technology. The key of green logistics depends not only on the establishment of green logistics concept and the implementation of green logistics management, but also on the application and development of green logistics technology. Without the development of advanced logistics technology, there will be no place for modern logistics; Similarly, without the development of advanced green logistics technology, there will be no place for green logistics. However, there is still a big gap between our logistics technology and green requirements, such as logistics mechanization, logistics automation, logistics informationization and networking. Compared with the logistics technology in western developed countries, there is a gap of 10 to 20 years. We should vigorously develop green logistics technology, otherwise green logistics will be out of the question. 4. Formulate green logistics regulations. Green logistics is an important part of today's sustainable economic development, which is of great significance to the continuous development of social economy and the continuous improvement of human life quality. Because of this, the implementation of green logistics is not only a matter for enterprises, but also the management of the existing logistics system must be strengthened from the perspective of government constraints. Governments in some developed countries attach great importance to formulating policies and regulations to manage and control green logistics from a macro perspective. In particular, we should control the pollution sources in logistics activities. The pollution sources in logistics activities are mainly manifested in: air pollution caused by vehicle exhaust, water pollution caused by distribution and processing wastewater discharge, environmental pollution caused by disposable packaging and so on. Therefore, they have formulated relevant policies and regulations on pollution sources, limiting vehicle flow and controlling traffic flow. There are many kinds of foreign environmental protection laws and regulations, some of which are quite specific and strict, and the latest international environmental signs formulated by the International Organization for Standardization have also been promulgated and implemented. Although China has been committed to the formulation and promulgation of environmental pollution policies and regulations since the 1990s, there are not many for the logistics industry. The formulation and promulgation of these environmental protection policies or regulations can not only become the pressure of enterprises, but also provide opportunities for enterprises to develop. Operators of logistics enterprises conduct analysis and research to make clear the direction, overcome obstacles and promote the smooth development of green logistics.