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Is the abstract placed before or after the table of contents?
Front.

The abstract should be placed in front of the table of contents. Abstract is a brief summary of the content of a paper or article, and a table of contents is a detailed list of the titles and page numbers of the whole article or parts of the paper. Put it in front of the table of contents to help readers understand the main content and structure of articles and papers, and the table of contents can help them understand the contents of each part in depth.