How to learn well?
1, determine the target and plan the system.
Goal is direction. With goals, students have a direction to work hard. Therefore, students should set goals under the guidance of teachers. At the same time, in order to achieve our goals, we must make plans. There are three levels of learning objectives: long-term, medium-term and short-term. In order to facilitate testing, guide students' training and understand the characteristics of the curriculum arrangement of International Economic Geography, we should focus on short-term goals. With the help of teachers, students are required to know what they need to learn in a unit, how high their ability level should be, and what measures should be taken. After each unit's goal is achieved (no matter how much it is achieved), it is necessary to make a study summary in time, analyze the reasons for success or failure, and correct the problems in time when found.
The mode of "making a goal plan-learning-goal detection-summarizing-adjusting learning strategies" has become a learning behavior habit of students after three to five units of training.
2. Preview before class
Preview before class is the beginning of students' contact with new knowledge and the first link of learning new knowledge. Preview can cultivate students' self-study ability, self-study interest and self-study habit. In order to improve the quality of students' preview and avoid a mere formality, students can adopt the preview mode of "what → how → why". For example, the first section "Population Growth and Distribution" in Chapter 10 "Population and City" of international economic geography in senior high school, what is it (population) → how (growth and distribution) → why (influencing factors). Another example is: Unit 8 of the new textbook Global Environmental Problems and Sustainable Development Facing Mankind1Expression and Distribution of Environmental Problems, what is it (environmental problems) → How (expression and distribution) → Why (reasons). Students can also adopt a step-by-step preview mode. The first step is to look at several bold titles in the textbook, from which we can know that the textbook has talked about several big problems; The second step, according to the size, words and charts of the textbook under each heading, roughly determine the key points and difficulties of the textbook. Under normal circumstances, for the key and difficult points, the textbook gives more text descriptions and charts as examples, so the textbook has a large space; The third step, on the basis of the first and second steps, determine the focus of preview-that is, the focus and difficulty of the textbook. When previewing, read the general content quickly, and read the key and difficult content carefully. It is necessary to find out the levels of knowledge structure in teaching materials and their internal relations, analyze the key to mastering important and difficult knowledge, and understand and master important and difficult knowledge from a higher angle. For example, for the preview of Unit 7 of the new textbook "7. 1' Main Ways of Regional Contact of Human Activities", there are three bold titles in the textbook, which reflect the three main ways of regional contact of human activities: transportation, post and telecommunications and commerce; Then, from the length of the textbook, the number of words and charts after the three major titles, it can be determined that transportation and post and telecommunications can be the focus and difficulty of this textbook. Finally, the preview focuses on two major issues: transportation and post and telecommunications.
Of course, you should keep trying to preview the methods and try to find the one that suits you best. For example, taking brief notes during preview, drawing lines under important knowledge and asking questions or marking difficult knowledge can greatly improve the efficiency of listening to lectures.
3. concentrate on class.
Listening to lectures is the main way for students to acquire new knowledge, review and consolidate old knowledge, the main channel to solve doubts and problems, and the most important link in learning routines. Therefore, students should listen carefully. Students should do five things in class: heart, eyes, ears, hands and mouth. The mind requires students to concentrate, concentrate, not be distracted, follow the teacher's thinking, think seriously and think positively; Look at the teacher's intention, or look at the blackboard, or look at textbooks, or look at maps. Listen to the teacher carefully; Reach out enough to ask for or take notes, or outline the important and difficult points of the text, or do demonstration operations. Read silently, read aloud, ask questions, answer questions, etc. The most important of the five senses is the awareness of the heart. Only when the mind is aware can the eyes, ears, hands and mouth be aware, and the eyes, ears, hands and mouth can be used together, so as to coordinate and complete the listening task with high quality. When students attend class with questions, they should pay special attention to how the teacher explains the key and difficult knowledge, what ideas, teaching methods, means and measures are adopted, highlight the key points and break through the difficulties. In the course of class, students should not only learn knowledge and solve problems, but also learn how to master knowledge and solve problems. At the same time, we should take notes in the international economic geography class. There are three ways to take notes in class: (1) marking method: the key points of the teacher's lecture are marked with red lines and red circles near the text. ⑵ See the needle method: let students write down the teacher's notes in the blank of the text, or analyze the method of interpreting images and the difference between right and wrong. ⑶ Inductive key method: record the teacher's explanation of related concepts of international economic geography in a notebook, summarize the key points of relevant principles and laws of international economic geography, the key points of knowledge expansion, and the basic ideas and methods of answering international economic geography problems. The contents of taking notes can include: first, recording the teacher's blackboard writing, which is the main content of notes; Secondly, according to the teacher's blackboard writing, draw some simple graphics with important contents in the notebook, such as: the schematic diagram of the sun shining on the earth in summer solstice and winter solstice, the formation diagram of near-surface wind, the weather map of cold and warm fronts, the schematic diagram of water circulation, the schematic diagram of crustal material circulation, and the related model diagram of human society and environment; The third is to record the typical examples explained by the teacher. Due to the limited classroom time, students have to spend most of their time reading textbooks, listening to teachers' explanations, thinking about problems and doing classroom exercises. Therefore, students should follow the principle of simplicity when taking notes, so as not to ignore other classroom activities.
4, review and homework in time after class
Review and homework are not an end, but an effective means to consolidate what you have learned in preview and lectures in time. According to the law of forgetting, review and homework should be done in time after class. Generally speaking, it is better to finish your homework independently after reviewing relevant textbooks and notes.
5, do a good job of unit target detection and summary.
What is your learning effect after each unit? To what extent has the goal been achieved? What are the successful experiences and lessons of failure? What are the reasons for success or failure? What's the problem? What measures should be taken to correct and solve the existing problems in the future? Wait a minute. All these require students to complete the goal detection and summary work with a positive attitude, so as to make clear their learning situation, determine their future learning goals and make plans. Therefore, unit goal detection and summary is also an indispensable part of students' learning.
Second, according to the characteristics of the subject, mastering the scientific methods of learning international economic geography in middle schools is a shortcut to learning international economic geography in middle schools.
In the bilateral activities of teaching and learning, teachers are the dominant and students are the main body. It is not enough for students to truly become the main body of learning, with a clear learning purpose, a correct learning attitude and interest in learning international economic geography. They also need to develop active and conscious learning habits and be able to acquire and master the knowledge and skills they have mastered independently. To do this, students must master scientific learning methods, which is a shortcut for students to learn international economic geography well in middle schools.
1, international economic geography research should grasp the main line of human-land relationship.
International Economic Geography is a subject that studies the international economic geographical environment in which human beings live and the relationship between human beings and the environment, and we should grasp the main line of the relationship between man and land in our study. At the same time, in order to coordinate the relationship with the environment and take the road of sustainable development of human beings and the environment, we should master more comprehensive knowledge and skills of international economic geography, use knowledge to transform and utilize nature and benefit ourselves.
2. To learn international economic geography well, we should pay attention to the comprehensive application of multidisciplinary knowledge.
International economic geography is a comprehensive discipline spanning arts and sciences. Its content is very rich, covering both natural and humanistic fields. In addition to the professional knowledge of international economic geography, it also involves knowledge fields such as literature, history, philosophy, politics, mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, astronomy and industrial and agricultural production. The subject of international economic geography is the best entry point for the design of comprehensive examination papers for liberal arts and liberal arts universities in the college entrance examination. The test paper design can be based on the knowledge of international economic geography, integrating politics, history, geography and even subjects learned in middle schools. Therefore, it is very important to learn international economic geography well, and students should also comprehensively use the knowledge of various disciplines to avoid analogy. This step will be realized more and more with the deepening of students' study.
3. International economic geography research should adopt the methods of synthesis, analysis and induction.
The subject of international economic geography is very comprehensive, which is beyond the reach of any other subject. Explain that there are close relations between various things, phenomena and processes of natural international economic geography, between various things, phenomena and processes of humanistic international economic geography, and between natural international economic geography and humanistic international economic geography. Therefore, the only way to learn international economic geography is to adopt the method of comprehensive analysis, induction and generalization to understand the complexity, integrity and internal relations of international economic geography from multiple angles, levels and directions. For example, "What are the conditions for establishing a special economic zone in China?" To this problem, we should make a comprehensive analysis from the international economic geographical position of the special zone, the factors of overseas Chinese hometown in history, traffic conditions, labor technology and national policies, so as to get a more complete understanding. For another example, "Why did China build the Beijing-Kowloon Railway between Beijing and Kowloon? What principles should be followed in railway construction when selecting lines? " This problem should be comprehensively analyzed from the aspects of international economic geographical location, cargo transportation between north and south of China, economic factors, social factors and political factors. In addition, we should also consider the topography, geological conditions and economic and social development of the areas where the railway passes, so as to truly understand the necessity and significance of the construction of the "Beijing-Kowloon Railway" and the principles that should be followed in railway construction.
4. The study of international economic geography should use the methods of analysis and comparison.
The discipline of international economic geography is also regional, which is also a remarkable feature that other disciplines do not have. Any region (sub-region, sub-country) has its own irreplaceable regional characteristics (location, natural characteristics, economic development, etc.). Therefore, when studying international economic geography, we should find out the differences and related connections between regions through analysis and comparison. This is an effective way to study, especially to review regional international economic geography. The content of analysis and comparison is very extensive, which can be compared comprehensively or individually; Can be compared from natural conditions, but also from economic conditions; It can be compared horizontally or vertically ... For example, when investigating the differences between the north and the south of China, it can be comprehensively analyzed and compared from the aspects of location, scope, climate, hydrology, soil, vegetation, resources, crops, agricultural bases, industrial bases or zones; We can also analyze and compare the differences of natural conditions between the eastern monsoon region and the western non-monsoon region in China. Looking back on International Economic Geography of Britain and Japan, we can make a comprehensive comparison from the aspects of location, scope, natural conditions, industrial and agricultural development, capital and major cities. Using comparative method can also help students understand and distinguish the same or similar concepts, things, phenomena, rewards and laws in international economic geography. Such as "weather" and "climate"; For "water resources" and "hydraulic resources"; It is best to learn and remember the concepts of "minerals", "minerals" and "mineral deposits" through analysis and comparison. The study of "continental climate and maritime climate characteristics" can be listed and compared. In short, through comparison and cognition, we can deepen our understanding and memory of international economic geography knowledge.
5. Learning should analyze things and phenomena in international economic geography from the viewpoint of dialectical materialism and establish a correct view of man and land.
The content of international economic geography textbooks contains extremely rich ideological education factors. Its contents can be divided into two categories: first, dialectical materialism education between man and land (resource view, environment view and population view); The second is ideological and moral education (patriotism education, internationalism education, moral quality education, national conditions and policies education, patriotism education, etc.). Through study, we can objectively understand and analyze the world with dialectical materialism, correctly evaluate the natural and humanistic international economic geography of the world and China, and thus establish a correct world outlook.
6. To learn international economic geography, it is necessary to clarify the knowledge network of international economic geography and establish a knowledge framework.
In the process of studying international economic geography, students hope to master the system and attributes of teaching materials and international economic geography knowledge as a whole, so as to make comprehensive classification, causal analysis, comparison of similarities and differences and so on. So as to better understand and master the systematic knowledge and skills of international economic geography. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the network of international economic geography knowledge and establish a knowledge framework in the process of study, especially review. For example, after learning a unit or a special topic, students should try to make a review outline map under the guidance of the teacher, reflecting the internal relations, framework structure and knowledge points of international economic geography knowledge in this unit or special topic. For another example, after studying the international economic geography of Japan, Britain, the United States and other countries, the problems that need to be mastered can be summarized into the following framework, so as to facilitate the storage, comparison and memory of knowledge.
7. To learn international economic geography well, we must apply what we have learned.
International economic geography is a highly applied discipline, which can directly serve the production and construction and make effective contributions. It can be said that it is practical knowledge. When studying, students should integrate theory with practice, pay attention to linking the knowledge and skills tasted in textbooks with the things around them, with the production and construction of the local and motherland, and with the hot spots and focuses of current affairs at home and abroad. Moreover, the motto "Read thousands of books and Walk Wan Li Road" is particularly important for studying international economic geography. Students should make full use of going out and all kinds of books and periodicals, news media networks, etc. , as far as possible to broaden their horizons of international economic geography, to understand the international economic geography things and phenomena that are difficult to feel in their own fields; We should go to nature and society as much as possible, so that book knowledge can be applied in field observation and social activities, which can not only effectively cultivate the ability of observation, practice, thinking and analysis, but also facilitate the skilled use of knowledge and skills, thus increasing our talents and wisdom and constantly improving our comprehensive quality.
8. To learn international economic geography well, we must learn how to use maps.
Maps are vivid and intuitive. They are the second language of international economic geography and the basic tool for studying international economic geography. Because everything in international economic geography exists in a certain space, the occurrence, development, movement and change of international economic geography phenomena are also inseparable from space. Therefore, one of the keys to learn international economic geography well is to establish the concept of space. Specifically, it is necessary to master the basic knowledge and skills of maps, including the skills of map reading, drawing, drawing and analysis. The correct use of maps is an important international economic geography skill. The process of reading and using pictures can cultivate students' observation, imagination, thinking ability and memory ability, and also enable students to further understand the spatial distribution, spatial connection and spatial combination of international economic geography. But mastering the method of drawing requires persistent training.
(1) Students should master the basic knowledge of maps and make clear the basic conditions and elements of map composition. When using a map, we can accurately understand the international economic and geographical meanings represented by the characters, symbols, points, lines and areas in the map.
(2) Students should carefully read and understand all kinds of images appearing in textbooks, and know the significance and laws of international economic geography reflected by images. What are the solutions? How, why and so on.
(3) Students should sketch and draw important sketches, profiles, distribution maps, line maps and schematic diagrams of international economic geography to deepen their impressions and memories. Such as the schematic diagram of the origin of the moon, the formation and weather map of cyclones and anticyclones in the northern hemisphere, the world ocean current model map, and the industrial and agricultural layout map.
(4) In the study and review, all things of international economic geography (place names, resources, rivers, mountains, cities, traffic lines, etc. What can be reflected on the map, try to show it on the map, and explain the image and principle in international economic geography terms or standardized language.
5] Make full use of the filled atlas, consolidate the learned knowledge on the atlas, and fill in the international economic and geographical affairs seriously and normally as required.
[6] In order to remember the important information in the image, you can write, remember and fill in the picture, that is, you don't read books or picture books.
9. To learn international economic geography well, you must learn to read.
International economic geography textbooks include textbooks and atlases. Students should do the following when reading:
(1) left picture and right book, combined with graphics and text. Look at the text and atlas, and put the text on the image.
(2) Reading, thinking and having problems. As the saying goes, if you are good at learning, you will be an official. If you are suspicious, you will make great progress. If you are suspicious, you will make small progress. No doubt, you will make no progress. In the process of reading, we should be good at asking questions, ask questions boldly and keep thinking: where is it? What's there? Why? How's it going? We should strengthen our confidence, summon up courage and dare to challenge difficult problems. At the same time, we should open our minds, think seriously, pay attention to methods, grasp the key points, study and ask questions seriously, and understand every problem. In the process of constantly solving difficult problems, we can experience the joy of success and stimulate the enthusiasm of learning international economic geography.
(3) writing promotes reading. Being diligent in writing and using both hands and brains is also a good learning method. As the saying goes, "a good memory is not as good as a bad writing" and "ten times is not as good as ten times." When reading a book on international economic geography, first, outline the key points, difficulties and main points while reading, and mark them with various symbols. If necessary, you can make a simple eyebrow criticism, which will help you grasp the main points, strengthen your reading impression and consolidate your review. The second is to write an outline while reading. By reading textbooks, we can distinguish between primary and secondary, and clarify various relationships (primary and secondary, juxtaposition, causality, subordination, etc. ), according to the structure of international economic geography knowledge, write a reading outline or make simple tables and charts to form a knowledge framework and systematize scattered knowledge. Third, draw while reading, that is, express the knowledge of international economic geography in the form of pictures.
(4) Audio reading can be used to read key paragraphs, important principles or conclusions and knowledge that needs long-term memory in international economic geography textbooks. For example, a series of contents such as "the names, abbreviations and people's government residences of 34 provincial administrative units in China" can enhance the memory effect through repeated reading. For junior students, you can read alone, in groups or in groups, and for senior students, you can read silently.
5. In order to improve reading efficiency, we should pay attention to: reading general content quickly; Repeated reading of important content; Read the difficult questions carefully; Compare reading before and after, and make a reading plan from your own reality.
10, to learn international economic geography well, we must learn to review and consolidate methods.
Review the past and learn the new. When students have mastered a lot of knowledge of international economic geography, in order to avoid forgetting and meet the needs of the exam, they should master the methods of review and consolidation. The main points are as follows:
(1) reading. Focusing on the central topic of review, read relevant textbooks, notes, maps, homework and test papers carefully. Through reading, students' knowledge can return to their own level as soon as possible. Attention should be paid when reading: first, we should use the method of recollection to understand our knowledge, and the recollection should be organized and orderly. In the process of recalling, reading and thinking, record the thinking results at any time for use when sorting out the review notes. The second is to review and consolidate different knowledge in different ways. To review the concepts of international economic geography, we should understand the connotation and extension of each concept and adopt the method of understanding and remembering. There are various memory methods, such as interest enhancement method, image memory method, repeated reinforcement method, understanding memory method and homophonic memory method (for example, remembering the names of the six minerals with the largest reserves in China in the world, except rare earth, tungsten, antimony, zinc, titanium and vanadium, it is easy to remember according to their homophonic "My northern heart is too annoying") and so on. To review the principles of international economic geography, we should grasp the essence, clarify the cause and effect, and use the methods of understanding, remembering and applying. For the comprehensive international economic geography problems, the comprehensive analysis method is adopted. For regional international economic geography, the method of analysis and comparison is used. For the problem of regularity, induction is adopted. For the space-time problem of international economic geography, the learning strategy of serialization and serialization is adopted. The content of international economic geography space can be studied by some points and lines on the map. Pay attention to the routes (traffic lines, important international economic and geographical boundaries, population flow routes, etc.) when studying. Connection points (cities, nature reserves, etc.). ), a line that crosses the surface (land, sea, administrative area, terrain area, etc.). ), line intersection, line directivity, etc. For example, along the Yangtze River trunk line, it passes through five major steel bases, intersecting railway trunk lines and agricultural bases in the province. Serialization strategy, that is, the evolutionary process is arranged in order. For example, the ecliptic angle → the movement of the direct point of the sun → the change of the height of the sun at noon and the length of day and night → the revolution of the earth with seasonal changes and its international economic and geographical significance. Understanding the process of occurrence, development, evolution and transformation, causal relationship, time series relationship and subordinate relationship of these international economic geography things, and applying the evolution law to analyze and solve international economic geography problems can also improve the comprehensive analysis ability, which is an important strategy to improve the learning effect.
(2) finishing. Sort out the systematic review notes for reference at any time. It mainly includes: the outline of knowledge system-systematizing complex knowledge; Various comparison charts-make knowledge clearer; Simple map-vivid, eye-catching and easy to remember.
(3) practice. Doing a certain amount of exercises is the main way to review and consolidate the knowledge of international economic geography. Through practice, find problems, correct them in time, and deepen understanding. Attention should be paid when doing the questions: the questions should be flexible and diverse, with wide coverage, certain difficulty and strong comprehensiveness; The amount of questions should be moderate, and don't fall into the sea of questions; The topic should be targeted to achieve the purpose of review and consolidation; Practice regularly.
In a word, hard work pays off. I am convinced that under the guidance of the international economic geography teacher, students can learn international economic geography effectively as long as they do the above routines well, master the learning methods, persevere and use them flexibly. Of course, I'm going to throw a brick to attract jade, and students should continue to explore and practice boldly to make it more perfect, so as to master the knowledge of international economic geography.
It is very useful to study international economic geography, which is particularly closely related to our daily life. After studying international economic geography, I feel I have gained a lot of knowledge. You can point out any country and famous city at will on the map, you can distinguish the general situation of international economic geography, the customs of different countries, you can understand the causes and characteristics of various natural phenomena, and you can ... these are only superficial to those who understand international economic geography. But for me who was once "blind in international economic geography", it was particularly fresh and interesting. Teacher Huang Guohua, who teaches us international economic geography, is an all-rounder. Attending his class always gives us a particularly fulfilling feeling. We dare not have the slightest distraction, for fear that knowledge will slip away from our ears carelessly. We always keep listening and remembering. After a class, there are usually many notes on the outline. I think, thanks to this "crazy supplement", otherwise we don't know when we can learn these basic knowledge of international economic geography!