With the development of society and the deepening of educational reform, people pay more and more attention to the aesthetic education of the next generation of the motherland. The new curriculum reform standard points out that "music education takes aesthetics as the core and mainly affects people's emotional world." If students lack the minimum music appreciation ability to experience and feel the beauty of music, it is impossible to produce emotional songs, let alone purify their hearts and cultivate their sentiments. Moreover, music appreciation is an important way and means to cultivate students' aesthetic ability and an indispensable part of music education in ordinary middle schools. Therefore, we must attach importance to and give a good music appreciation class in teaching.
[Keywords:] Music appreciation; Music teaching; meaning
Music appreciation, as its name implies, is an activity that the appreciator listens to music through hearing, and obtains the enjoyment of musical beauty, spiritual pleasure and rational satisfaction from it. Music appreciation is the most direct and concrete aesthetic education activity. It takes certain music as the aesthetic object and people who participate in appreciation activities as the aesthetic subject, forming a special aesthetic view. By listening to music in this way, we can feel and appreciate the beauty of music. Generally speaking, the existence of music appreciation is not dispensable. As Mersel, an American musician, said, "Music appreciation is, in a sense, the basic form of music activities and the starting point and destination of the work of composers and performers. "It is fundamentally different from other art forms. Music is the art of expressing inner feelings with sound, and the joys and sorrows in the world can be expressed with corresponding music. All music can give people auditory pleasure. Music is the most emotional art, but the emotion of music can't be accurately and deeply felt by anyone, let alone properly expressed by anyone. This is mainly because the emotion of music is not only a physiological phenomenon of human instinct, but also an advanced and social aesthetic feeling.
However, music appreciation is not mysterious or difficult, as long as people with sound brain and hearing can enjoy music. However, in order to truly understand the music works, grasp the connotation of the works and arouse the corresponding * * * sounds, it is necessary to have certain methods and corresponding knowledge, and it will take a long process of repeated listening and learning. Marx said: "The most beautiful music is meaningless to ears that can't distinguish melody." Schumann, a German music critic, also said: "It is most important to develop hearing, and we should learn to distinguish tonality from individual sounds early." "We should pay attention to the sounds and attributes of various musical instruments as soon as possible, and engrave their unique timbre deeply in auditory memory." The acquisition of this perceptual ability can only be improved through the practice of appreciation.
Music appreciation course in junior high school is a new subject. During my years as a junior high school music teacher, I have been exploring teaching methods suitable for junior high school music classes. I personally think that music appreciation plays an important role in music teaching. Through appreciation class, students can not only learn all kinds of knowledge, get spiritual enjoyment, improve aesthetic taste, but also cultivate students' innovative spirit and practical ability. Therefore, music appreciation is the aesthetic activity of the appreciator to the music works, and it also belongs to the creative spiritual activity.
With the development of society and the deepening of education reform, people pay more and more attention to the aesthetic education of the next generation of the motherland. The new curriculum reform standard points out that "music education takes aesthetics as the core and mainly affects people's emotional world." If students lack the minimum music appreciation ability to experience and feel the beauty of music, it is impossible to produce emotional songs, let alone purify their hearts and cultivate their sentiments. Therefore, in teaching, we must attach importance to the music appreciation class and have a good appreciation class.
As we all know, creativity is the embodiment of a novel and unique way of thinking. Music appreciation teaching takes music works as the medium, and the uncertainty of music works brings great artistic space to teaching. Therefore, the creative teaching of music appreciation class is not to create knowledge that has not been discovered by predecessors, but to guide students purposefully, so that students can listen creatively, imagine creatively and move creatively, and express personalized things and their own life experiences and feelings through language art or non-language art. This performance process is the embodiment of creativity.
Appreciation is a special cognitive process which combines hearing, perception and association. When listening to music, we often think of things other than hearing. In traditional teaching, teachers often directly teach students the background, content, characteristics and ideas of works, or simply introduce them from these aspects and then appreciate them; Because of the students' inexperience and the "uncertainty" of music, creative teaching should explore works from many aspects and angles, grasp the essence of works from depth and breadth, and let students listen creatively. ?
For example, in the appreciation class of Lasky March, a compulsory performance of Vienna New Year Concert every year, I first let the students listen to the music completely, and the students all think that the tune of the work is beautiful, exciting and inspiring; Some students clap their hands from time to time while listening. Through guidance, when students listen to it for the second time, they think it is a work of praise. The rhythm of the eighth note and the eighth rest with decorative sounds, like the galloping of a war horse, has the majestic image and momentum of a hero, and is like a celebration of a hero riding a war horse to review troops. This is a warm and serious scene. When I listened for the third time, I introduced the historical background of the work to my classmates. Judging from the history books published in Germany and Austria, the person praised in the works is a national hero, but at the same time he is a murderous executioner and an invader of war. Because of his repeated exploits in the war of aggression, he was respected by the royal family and nobles, and the composer wrote for him. Only in the long history, people gradually forgot this historical reason, forgot that the invaders were singing praises and accepted its beautiful melody. To appreciate a work, we should not only consider the background of its completion, but also explore the content in many ways, deeply appreciate the content of the work and listen to its level and depth. By explaining the excavated works, the students' appreciation level is improved and their historical knowledge is enriched. ?
For another example, every time I give music lessons to the seventh grade, I always like to give them examples, give them something to appreciate and improve students' interest. Before that, students only need to say that they are having a music class, that is, a singing class. I corrected this statement for them. There are many contents in the music class, including vocal music, piano methods, music theory, solfeggio, chorus conductor, composition, musical form analysis, orchestration, appreciation, national folk music, a brief history of Chinese and foreign music and so on. Singing is only a part of vocal music, which has been divided into bel canto, folk singing and popular singing in recent years. Last year's 12th National TV Grand Prix for Young Singers also introduced the forms of ensemble singing and original ecological singing. In order to intuitively let students have a more detailed understanding of vocal music, I also used multimedia to let students watch the scene of each singing method in the recorded young singer contest. The result is several times larger than what I said directly, and it also improves the enthusiasm of students to learn music.
I remember that when I was teaching the song Saint Lucia in Unit 4 of the seventh grade music class, I used the appreciation class to let the students look at the map of Italy and some pictures of Italy, get a preliminary understanding of their customs, especially Venice, a water city, and combined with the text "Ships in Venice" I learned before, I transitioned to Italian boat songs and introduced the characteristics of boat songs. Then I played several versions of the aria, which made me more familiar with the songs. Especially, after comparing the Italian Naples boat song "Saint Lucia" with the Italian Naples folk song "My Sun" sung by three tenors in the world (Pavarotti, Domingo and carreras), the students all think that Italian is very beautiful, and the song has a beautiful melody, which perfectly combines with Italian customs. I also know the concept of Italian "boat song", which is very helpful to master the rhythm of songs. Students basically learned this song in a very short time, which is much better than teaching it directly.
Now that science and technology are developed, I will try to use VCD, MP3 and computer to assist music classroom teaching, which will greatly enhance students' interest in learning and make boring content more intuitive, much better than simply using tapes. For example, when you appreciate music with bright melody and cheerful rhythm, you can first introduce the characteristics of Xinjiang song and dance music (download pictures from the internet); Then enjoy the dance music of youth and guide the students to analyze the works. Finally, guide students to design some simple dance moves with music, so as to better experience the beauty of music.
I did this when I was enjoying the national musical instrument "Hulusi" playing "Bambusa under the Moon". First of all, I introduced the natural scenery and folk culture of Yunnan (assisting in downloading pictures from the Internet); Then introduce the national musical instrument "Hulusi" and try to play theme music; Finally, guiding students to appreciate, analyze and experience embodies the combination of music, humanities and geography, enriches students' cultural knowledge and broadens their horizons. Music can also be organically combined with dance, art, literature and many other disciplines. As long as we observe and think more at ordinary times, not only will our students learn easily, but we will also teach easily, and we will certainly achieve unexpected results.
For another example, I did this when I taught the Yellow River chorus "Yellow Water Ballad". Appreciate the work first, and then guide the students to express their opinions and talk about their feelings. The first paragraph depicts the beautiful scenery on both sides of the Yellow River? Telling that people live a peaceful and quiet life; The second paragraph exposes the crime of Japanese imperialism invading China and describes the tragic life of people on both sides of the strait who were forced to leave their homes and flee everywhere; The third paragraph is the reappearance of the first paragraph, with a sad sigh. In other words, the Yellow River remains the same, and the water of the Yellow River is flowing. However, after thousands of miles, the mood is very bleak. Finally, I inspire students to perform this part of Huangshui ballad in their favorite way according to their hobbies and specialties. As a result, some students use singing, some students create music sketches in groups of three, some students pick up pens to sketch, some students use impromptu speeches ... The whole classroom is very lively, although the level is not high, but they use their imagination according to their hobbies and express their feelings in their own way. Without previous appreciation, it can't be done.
Of course, it is also very important to introduce the life of a musician who has great influence in the world and appreciate his works for the development of students' interest. When I give my first music lesson to every class in Grade 7, I will introduce to them the extraordinary life experience and career path of Liao Changyong, a world-famous singer who enjoys the reputation of being the first baritone among Chinese in the world, appreciate his beautiful singing and inspire everyone's enthusiasm for learning music. When I mentioned that he is one of the few outstanding Asian singers who are currently active in the world opera stage, he won the first place in the French 4 1 Toulouse International Vocal Competition, Domingo World Opera Competition and Norwegian Queen Sang Ya International Vocal Competition for three consecutive times during the one-year period from 1996 to 1997, creating a miracle of winning the world's high-level and authoritative competitions. Then, I played them some songs sung by Liao Changyong. At the same time (Liao Changyong is currently a professor of Shanghai Conservatory of Music, head of vocal music department, the first signing artist of Shanghai Grand Theatre, the signing artist of Washington Opera House, the signing artist of Michigan Grand Theatre, the CPPCC member, the vice chairman of China Musicians Association, the winner of the first national title of "Virtue and Art", the member of Shanghai Federation of Literary and Art Circles, the vice chairman of Shanghai Musicians Association, the member of all-china youth federation and the Standing Committee of Shanghai Youth Federation), the students at this time have been deeply moved by their hearts, and they are all full of vigor and vitality. This laid a solid psychological foundation for future music lessons and filled with beautiful yearning and longing for future life.
Through a series of practice, I found that music appreciation plays an important role in music teaching. So when I was in the music class, I designed the appreciation part to be more perfect and vivid, and the classroom effect also achieved certain results. Students also gained a lot of knowledge and became interested in learning music. If music appreciation education is cancelled, it will not only fail to cultivate the ability of music appreciation, but also fail to realize the aesthetic value of music. In view of the outstanding aesthetic value of music appreciation, it occupies a very important position in the teaching of music appreciation in ordinary middle schools. In order to better meet the requirements of the new curriculum reform and development, implement quality education and promote the all-round development of morality, intelligence, physique and aesthetics, I will constantly sum up more, better and more beneficial methods and measures in music classroom teaching in teaching practice.
[References and materials]
[1] Interpretation of Music Curriculum Standards Development Group Beijing: Beijing Normal University Press, 2002
[2] Psychology of Music Learning and Teaching Cao Li, He Gong Shanghai: Shanghai Music Publishing House, 2000.
[3][ America] Mersel' School Music Teaching Psychology' [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Music Publishing House, 1998
[4] "Research on Marx and Engels' Educational Thought" Beijing: People's Publishing House, 1964.
[5][ robert schumann] New Music Magazine [M]. Beijing: People's Music Publishing House, 1978