Jiajing was born in Huguang Public Security Bureau on February 16, 39. In the seventeenth year of Wanli (1589), he was the first in the senior high school entrance examination of the Ministry of Rites and the first scholar in the palace examination (biography). The following year, he was edited by imperial academy and awarded to Jishi Shu. In the heyday of the retro school, Bai Juyi and Su Shi became one of the representatives of the public security school. In August of the twenty-fifth year of Wanli, imperial academy wrote that the East Palace was an official, "The cock crows in, and the cold and the heat are endless". In the 26th year of Wanli, Sanyuan * * * initiated the organization of "Pu Tao Society" in Guo Chong Temple in the western suburbs of Beijing, and wrote poems to attack the "Seven Sons". In the 28th year of Wanli (1600 65438+ February 9th), he died in Beijing on November 4th. At the age of 40. Guangzong succeeded to the throne as the right assistant minister of the Ministry of Rites. Fresh and beautiful, steady and peaceful. 15 years, worked as an official in the East Palace, "making friends in the province, simply socializing" and "not accepting money from others". After his death, he had only a few pieces of gold in his pocket and could hardly be buried.
He is the author of the 22-volume Su Su Zhai Ji. Unlike others, most of his poems and essays are spontaneous and sincere. Representative works include Tanshan No.1, Fangshang Mountain, Xiaoxitian No.1 and so on. But his creation, like Yuan Hongdao's, is poor in content, which is also caused by his creative thinking.
Yuan Zongdao admired Bai Juyi and Su Shi, and his study was named "Bai Su Zhai". During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, the antique bodies represented by Wang Shizhen and Li Panlong still had great influence. Yuan Zongdao strongly opposed it, and shared the same interests with his brothers Yuan Hongdao and Yuan Zhongdao, so he was called the Public Security School. He believes that the essence of the article lies in speech. Ancient prose is left behind, so we should learn from it. "Learn what it means, don't be muddy.". If you want to speak out, you must first have "reason" (ideological knowledge), "from birth, from reason to text", such as the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties, Tang and Song Dynasties, "reason is filled in the stomach, and text follows." Secondly, we must have true feelings. "There is no joy in my heart and I want to laugh, but I want to cry without sadness, so I have to imitate it by ear" (see "Paper" above). From this point of view, his poetry creation is not simulated, but frank and natural. Travel prose, such as Tan Shan I, Fang Shang Shan I, Xiao Xi Tian I; Bamboo slips are very emotional and touching, such as answering the second class reunion, answering three brothers and two friends. Some chapters in prose, such as Reading University and reading of the analects of confucius, are easy to understand and alert. However, most of his essays are based on literati's leisure, reasoning and talking about Zen, which has little social significance. Poetry is not as good as prose, and there are few excellent works.
The three brothers Yuan played a unique role in the formation of the literary theory of "Gong 'an School". In the repeated theoretical struggle, the ternary formed an orderly echelon. Yuan Zongdao was the first pioneer who opposed retro. As Qian, a literary critic, said in Poems of Past Dynasties, the "Public Security School" originated in Boxiu (Yuan Zongdao). "Yuan Zongdao praised Bai Juyi and Su Shi very early, and named his study" Essence ",which means to advocate popular and close to spoken words and make his works easy to understand.
Literary claims Literary claims mainly include:
(1) opposes inheritance and advocates universal change. Everyone in the public security school lashed out at the tendency of the former and the latter seven sons to imitate words and eat the ancient times, and they sharply criticized the phenomenon of "plagiarism is common practice and one word is spoken by all" in the literary world. Yuan Zongdao also hit the nail on the head and pointed out that the source of the retro school is "ignorance rather than imitation" (paper).
(2) express the spirit alone and not stick to one pattern. The so-called "soul" is the writer's personality and true feelings, which is close to Li Zhi's "childlike innocence".
(3) Focus on folk novels and advocate popular literature. The public security school attached importance to drawing nutrition from folk literature, which was related to its literary development view and innovative theory, and played a certain role in improving the social status of folk literature and popular literature at that time.
Personality: He strongly opposes the archaism of the former seven sons, and shares the same interests with his younger brothers Yuan Hongdao and Yuan Zhongdao, making people safe and sound. He opposed attaching importance to the ancient times and belittling the present, imitating the ancients, and emphasized that writers should have ideological cultivation and articles should have ideological content, rather than formally imitating Qin and Han Dynasties. He said that he had nothing to laugh at and nothing to cry about. The momentum must be simulated by ears (paper), which means that the article should have true feelings. His poems practice his theory, being frank and natural, and not imitating. Travel essays, such as Tan Shan Yi, Fang Shang Shan Yi, Xiao Xi Tian Yi, and bamboo slips, such as Answering Homecoming II and Sending Three Brothers II, are really touching. The shortcoming of his prose is that it has no social significance. There are few excellent works in poetry creation. Author of "Bai Su Zhai Lei Ji".
At the age of 27, Jishi Shu, editor of Guanhanlin Academy, won the first prize. He once asked Jiao and Li Zhi's disciple monk for advice. In the seventeenth year of Wanli (1589), he returned to Li, studied academics, studied Confucianism with Zen thought, and wrote Li Hai Pian (now lost). After nine years, he returned to Beijing, where he was an official to the right bastard and served as a lecturer in the East Palace.
Most of his essays are based on the leisure of literati and Zen reasoning. Poetry is not as good as prose, and there are few excellent works. He is the author of 22 volumes of Bai Su Zhai Class Collection. There are also two kinds of zaju and some words, which have been lost.
Historical Contributions The Gong 'an School has made great achievements in liberating the style of writing, such as sweeping Wang (Shizhen), Li (Panlong), Yuan Zhonglang's Biography and Gong 'an County Records, and its travel notes, letters and essays are also very distinctive, either elegant and fresh, or lively and humorous, and become a family of its own. However, in real life, they passively avoid the world and describe trivial things or natural scenery around them, lacking profound social content, and their creative themes are getting narrower and narrower. Its imitators "blurt out, no longer follow the rules", "for slang, for delicacies, for recklessness", and even "crazy fans, vulgar behavior" (Biography of Qian Shi Hua). Later generations' evaluation of the literary thought of the Gong 'an School is fair and has theoretical significance beyond its creative practice.
In the history of China literature, it is unique that three brothers born of a mother like Sanyuan can rise to the height of appealing to both refined and popular tastes at the same time, and they are highly compatible in philosophical thoughts, political tendencies, literary views, creative styles and temperament, and can cooperate with each other to achieve the purpose of literary innovation. This is not only a story in the history of literature, but also a miracle.