Names of ancient western regions. Loulan is an ancient small country in the west of China, and its capital is Loulan City (the site is located on the northwest bank of Lop Nur, Xinjiang, China). It connects Qiemo, Jingjue, Zhami and Yutian in the southwest, Cheshi in the north, Yanqi in the northwest, Bailongdui in the east and Dunhuang in the east, which is the crossroads of the Silk Road. China people belong to the Indo-European language family. At the beginning of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, envoys passed through Loulan. Loulan has been the eyes and ears of Huns for many times, attacking and robbing the envoys of Han Dynasty. In the third year of Yuanfeng (before 108), Han sent troops to beg Loulan and capture his king. Loulan surrendered to the Han Dynasty and was attacked by Huns, so he sent his servants to surrender to both sides. After the Xiongnu servant An was classified as King Loulan, so he was pro-Xiongnu. Wang took Tu Jian to the Han Dynasty and reported the situation to the Han Dynasty. In the fourth year of Emperor Zhao Yuanfeng of the Han Dynasty (77 BC), Han sent Fu Jiezi to Loulan, assassinated him, made Tu Jian king, renamed Shanshan, and moved the capital to Mud City (now near Ruoqiang, Xinjiang). Later, the Han government often sent officials and soldiers to station fields in Loulan's hometown, and set up beacon towers and barriers along the way from Yumenguan to Loulan. During the Wei, Jin and Qianliang Dynasties, Loulan City became the governor of the Western Regions.

About 1600 years ago, the kingdom of Loulan disappeared, leaving only the remains of an ancient city. Loulan Ancient City is located at 89 22 ′ 22 ″ east and 40 29 ′ 55 ″ north of Ruoqiang County, Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, 7 kilometers away from the northwest corner of Lop Nur and the south bank of Peacock River.

The ancient history of Loulan Kingdom is still unclear. The name Loulan was first seen in historical records. Historical Records Biography of Xiongnu records that Loulan people founded the country around the 3rd century BC, when Loulan was ruled by the Yue people. From 177 BC to 176 BC, the Huns defeated the Yue family, and Loulan was under the jurisdiction of the Huns.