Yuan Zaju: Yuan Zaju is also called North Zaju, North Qu and Yuan Qu. Yuan Qu is composed of Yuan Zaju and Yuan Sanqu, which was conceived and developed on the basis of Jin and Yuan versions. Southern operas are popular and northern zaju is mature. /kloc-The second half of the third century is the most prosperous period of Yuan Zaju in the drama world. The structure of "four folds and one wedge" is one of its remarkable features, and "one lead singer" is another remarkable feature of Yuan Zaju. The singing and speaking of Yuan Zaju are closely linked, "the song is white". Yuan Zaju also has some characteristics, such as the script pays attention to the stage, divides the roles into types, ignores the external form of life, expresses the inner feelings of the drama in a typed and symbolic way, and combines the writer's wandering feelings with the essential real life. It has fully possessed the essential characteristics of China opera, gone through the comprehensive course of China opera, is rigorous, complete and unified, and is also a distinctive China opera art. Under the direct influence of Jin Heqiang, Yuan Zaju is a complete drama form which combines various performing arts forms. He also created mature literary scripts on the basis of scripts, lyrics and aria literature since the Tang and Song Dynasties. This can be said to be a qualitative change compared with the drama of joining the army or the drama of the Song Dynasty, which is mainly funny and ridiculous. As a mature drama, Yuan Zaju not only enriched the stories sung among the people for a long time, but also widely reflected the social reality at that time, and became one of the popular literary forms.

Yuan Sanqu

Interpretation of Sanqu

1. Yuan Dynasty was called Yuefu or Yuefu today.

Second, the name of Sanqu was first seen in the literature, which was Zhu Youdun's "Chengzhai Yuefu" in the Ming Dynasty. The Sanqu mentioned in this book refers to poetry only, not including the number of sets. Third, after the middle of Ming Dynasty, the scope of Sanqu gradually expanded, including the number of collections.

Fourthly, scholars' papers since the 20th century all regard poems and anthologies as Sanqu. Sanqu as a stylistic concept was finally determined.

The emergence and development of Sanqu

First, the emergence of Sanqu

1, the word originated in the Jin Dynasty. According to scholars' research, Sanqu originated in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties and originated from folk songs. Jin pronouns have the characteristics of flexion and tend to be vulgar, straight, harmonious and flat. Jin Ci absorbed a large number of northern folk songs and popular tunes. Many epigrams in Jin Ci are actually poems and songs, and many words are close to the songs of later generations in literary style.

2. Sanqu's entry into the literary world has become the main way of Sanqu literature. At the end of the Jin Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, literati had no choice but to take the imperial examination. Under the influence of the social trend of avoiding the world and playing with the world, they went in and out of the Chu Pavilion, while a large number of famous prostitutes could work as Yuefu and sing songs, and they sang a lot of folk songs instead. Scholars like their poems and wines, and the harmony between silk and bamboo will inevitably lead to the combination of folk songs and literati creation over time.

3. Changes in music. During the Song and Jin Dynasties, the northern minorities occupied the Central Plains one after another, and the Huqu they brought was combined with the original music in Han areas, giving birth to a new kind of music. Sanqu came into being.

Sanqu system

First, Xiao Ling, also known as "Ye Er", is the basic unit of Sanqu system. Its name comes from the wine order of the Tang Dynasty. Monolithic music, short words and few words are the most basic characteristics. In addition to a single piece of music, there is also a kind of couplet, also known as a poem with the same theme and tune, which consists of several poems, at most 100, chanting one thing together or several things separately. Like Guan Hanqing's double tone? Song of great virtue.

The second is the number of sets, also known as divertimento, scattered sets and big orders, which developed from the Song Daqu and the Gongdiao of Song Qu. The features of this system are as follows

1 is composed of several tunes in the same palace tune.

2. All songs have the same rhythm.

There is usually a conclusion at the end.

Third, ribbons are composed of different tunes in the same palace tune.