Pay attention to the etiquette of opening and closing remarks.

Be calm and speak loudly and accurately so that everyone present can hear you.

Listen to the questions of the defense team members, pay attention, and write down the questions in your notebook.

Respond quickly to questions raised in a short time, and answer every question with confident and fluent language and positive tone.

6. Answer the questions carefully, answer or defend the questions that are sure, and state the reasons; If you are not sure, you can answer realistically and be modest without excuses.

First of all, we should be mentally prepared. We should overcome stage fright, eliminate nervousness and maintain a good mental state. Be confident. This is the most basic psychological quality that students should have. All confident students will be refreshed, calm, quick-thinking and complete in memory during the defense process. You can give full play to your answers. To be self-confident, you need to have a full understanding of the content, scope and materials of your thesis, prepare in many ways, and know it by heart. From the whole to the part, I have a clear feeling, so that I can deal with all kinds of questions raised. Even if I can't answer them, I can at least solve and answer them. Really be "artistic and bold", have real talent and practical learning, and are not afraid of questions from others.

Secondly, we should be prepared for information. Don't forget to sort out some chart data related to the paper. For example, when defending economic papers, there are many statistical tables, charts, calculation tables, detailed tables, demonstration diagrams, etc. May involve. Prepare a lot of relevant charts and hang them on the defense site as an auxiliary tool for explanation.

Finally, we should prepare the outline of the speech. "If you want to do a good job, you must sharpen your tools first." Without fighting an unprepared battle, the respondent may consider preparing his defense from the following angles before replying:

1. Why did you choose this topic?

Second, what is the significance and purpose of studying this topic?

Third, how is the basic framework and structure of the full text arranged?

Fourth, what is the logical relationship between the parts of the full text?

5. What different views have been found in the process of studying this topic? How do I know these different opinions? How to deal with it?

6. What questions are not mentioned, but are closely related to the paper?

7. What other questions have not been clarified by yourself and not discussed in depth in the paper?

8. What is the main basis for making an argument when writing a paper?

Think carefully about the above questions, sort them out with notes if necessary, and write an outline of your speech for use in your defense. Only in this way can we be prepared and not panic when we get cold feet.

Students should first introduce the outline of the paper, which is called "self-report". It should be emphasized that "self-report" is not "self-reading". The important skill here is to be careful not to read the report verbatim and turn it into "reading". "Scripting" is the first taboo. This part can include writing motivation, reasons, research direction, topic comparison, research scope, the latest research results around this topic, my new insights, new understandings or new breakthroughs in the paper. Be concise. Can't take up too much time, usually limited to ten minutes. The so-called "cutting the complexity and leaving the quilt clear, the painting is always familiar", that is to say, try to write the words rich and to the point. We should highlight the key points and express our greatest gains, deepest experience, essence and most distinctive parts. It should be noted here that the theme is unknown; Second, avoid vague content and ramble; Three bogeys are dull and unfocused.

When defending, students should pay attention to manners and manners, which is the first signal to enter people's emotional channel. If the respondents can present a good image with good manners and manners in the first two minutes, it will be a good start. Some people decompose human posture into the smallest units to study (such as head, shoulders, chest, spine, waist, etc.) ). They think that a concave chest means cowardice and inferiority, and a high chest means high mood-but excessive is arrogance and conceit; Shoulders, hands and neck are showing integrity and strength, and the back is straight, reflecting seriousness and self-confidence. But if it is too much, it will be considered rigid and conservative, slightly bent down, and slightly inclined can appear modest and polite. Dr. Sun Yat-sen once said, "Even if the audience is in awe of his manners, the format of his actions must make the audience have a quiet and meticulous atmosphere." His wise words really inspired us a lot.

The skill to be mastered in answering questions is where is the "center", "crux" and "key" needed to answer each question when conceiving? Which angle is the best to answer the question? What examples should be given to prove it? The content of the answer is essentially an organized "oral composition". First, the article should have arguments and arguments. Second, there is a beginning, a subject and an end. Third, it is organized and hierarchical. Fourth, correct words and fluent language. Five, should be articulate and speak at a moderate speed. The beginning should be concise: straight to the point is the best beginning, and straight to the point to express your views is the best way to reply. The expression of the main part can be analyzed item by item, that is, the content to be answered is summarized and analyzed item by item, which is actually to sort out the materials you have mastered from the outside to the inside. Such a statement will not be superficial, but can go deep into the essence. Piecewise analysis can be combined with some practical examples that I have mastered, sorted into several items and listed into several subheadings: divided into several points and said one by one. A full bowl of rice must be eaten bite by bite, and the truth of full stomach must be told one by one, interlocking and interlocking, which makes people remember clearly after listening. If you have prepared a relatively complete outline when preparing, then put some jade beads (for example) along the main line of answering questions to make the center clear, coherent and reasonable.

The purpose of asking students to defend their papers is definitely not to deliberately make things difficult for students, so as to show how tall the teacher is. The purpose of thesis defense is only one, to check the students' mastery and understanding of the thesis topic. Generally, teachers who take part in thesis defense will ask no less than three questions, but all the questions are within the academic scope of the thesis. Generally, they won't and can't ask questions that have nothing to do with the content of the paper, which is the scope of the topic put forward by the defense teacher.

In this large range, the main defense teacher will generally ask questions from three aspects: testing authenticity, testing ability and making up for deficiencies.

(1) Authenticity test is to ask questions around the authenticity of graduation thesis.

(2) Test level refers to the problems related to the main content of graduation thesis, such as testing students' level, whether the basic knowledge is solid and how deep the knowledge is, mainly the application of basic concepts, basic theories and basic principles involved in the thesis.

(3) To make up for the deficiency refers to the weak links in the graduation thesis, such as unclear, not detailed, incomplete, inaccurate and contradictory places in the thesis, which require the author to supplement or explain in the defense.

According to the purpose and content of thesis defense, students should at least do the following before thesis defense:

1: Make clear the viewpoints, key problems, solutions and innovations of your paper. Try to state the above questions in concise language, which is an essential skill when you present your paper. This is also the most easy range for the defense teacher to test the authenticity.

2. Understand the meaning of basic concepts, professional vocabulary and cited documents in the paper. This is often the place where the defense teacher checks the authenticity and tests your level.

3. To a certain extent, we should dabble in the relevant viewpoints and theories in the thesis, which is the skill of getting high marks in thesis defense. Most papers only know one-sided views of their own articles and know little or nothing about other views. If you can understand the relevant theories, you will basically not encounter the embarrassing scene that you can't answer when you reply.

Try to relax and don't speak too fast. A relaxed mood can make your mind active, and there will be no repetition of language and irrelevant answers. Proper speaking speed is conducive to your expression being clearly accepted by the audience.