Where are the references written? We often use references when writing papers. The last item in the reference is usually the page number, and the position of the guide is coded. Many people still don't know where to unload references. Let's learn where to write references with me today.

Where are the references written? 1

References are marked at the end of the document.

According to GB3469-83 "File Types and File Carrier Codes", reference file types and file types are identified by a single letter:

Monograph m; Newspaper n; Journal j; Patent document p; Compilation g; Ancient books o; Technical standards.

According to the requirements of "China Academic Journals (CD-ROM Edition) Retrieval and Evaluation Data Standard (Trial)" and "China Social Science Journals Arrangement Standard (Revised Edition)", many publications distinguish between references and annotations, and define annotations as "words that further explain or supplement a certain content in the text", which are listed at the end of the article, separated from references or placed in the footer.

Writing skills

Place the cursor at the reference place, select Insert | Footnote and Endnote on the menu bar, select Endnote in the pop-up dialog box, and click the "Options" button to change the numbering format at the end of the document to Arabic numerals. After confirmation, Word inserts the reference number at the cursor and automatically jumps to the corresponding number at the end of the document. Please type the description of the reference, and add corresponding documents here according to the format of the reference description table.

The reference numbers are enclosed in brackets. Take word2007 as an example. When inserting endnotes, you can first move the cursor to the position where you want to insert endnotes, and then click the small arrow below the reference footnote. In the dialog box that appears, you can customize it, then enter parentheses and numbers, then click Insert, and then automatically jump to the end of this section/document. At this point, you can enter the contents of the reference.

When a document needs to quote the same document many times, you need to make endnotes when quoting this document for the first time. When quoting this document again, click Insert | Cross-reference, select endnotes as the citation type, and the cited content is endnote number (with format), and then select the corresponding document to insert.

Where are the references written? 2 1, and references are cited.

A new achievement of scientific research is usually a new progress based on the achievements of predecessors, which embodies the inheritance and development of science and technology. For example, based on the existing theories, methods, ideas and experimental means, this study has made new progress and new discoveries; Or transplant the method of one discipline to another discipline and succeed; Or the existing method is improved. When describing the research purpose, design idea, established model and comparing with existing results, existing results will be involved. If the specific content of the existing achievements is copied to the papers involving the achievements of predecessors, it will not only occupy the length of the paper and dilute the theme of the paper, but also copy the published content that readers will find meaningless. Therefore, the paper refers to the existing achievements, does not copy the existing achievements, but points out the publication of the literature (source) of the achievements, which is called citing references. When citing references, it is necessary to mark the places where previous achievements are involved. Seeing this mark, the reader will know that the reference is cited here; According to this mark, you can find articles that publish the details of this achievement in the bibliography. Adding marks to the places where references are cited in the text is called reference annotation. The method of labeling is called labeling.

2. The purpose and function of reference records.

For a complete academic paper, the description of references is essential. To sum up, the purpose and function of reference recording are mainly reflected in the following five aspects.

1) Recording references can reflect the author's scientific attitude and the true and extensive scientific basis of the paper, as well as the starting point and depth of the paper. Science and technology and science and technology research are inherited, and the present research is based on the past research. Today's research results or work are generally the continuation and development of previous research results or work; Therefore, when expounding the background, reasons and purposes of the research, it is necessary to evaluate the previous work and record the references to make them clear.

It is reasonable and well-founded, and clearly expounds the starting point and depth of this paper. To some extent, this provides an objective basis for reviewers, editors and readers to evaluate the value and level of the paper.

2) Recording references can easily distinguish the author's achievements from those of predecessors. Although the research results reported in the paper are the author's own, it is inevitable to quote the achievements of predecessors, including viewpoints, methods, data and other materials. If the quoted part is marked, the achievements of others will be clearly expressed. This not only reflects the author's respect for the work of others, but also eliminates the suspicion of plagiarism and plagiarism.

3) References can serve as an index. Readers can easily search and find relevant books and materials through the recorded references, so as to have a more detailed understanding of the quotations in the text.

4) Recording references helps to save the length of the paper. Some contents that need to be expressed in the paper don't need to be explained in detail in any existing literature, just indicate what literature you see in the corresponding place. This not only refines the language, saves space, but also avoids the accumulation of general expressions and materials, making it easy for the paper to meet the requirements of short space and fine content.

5) Recording references is helpful for scientific and technological information personnel to carry out information research and abstract quantitative research.

3. Reference principle.

1) only records the most needed and latest documents. Documentaries should be carefully selected and limited to what the author has personally seen and directly quoted in the paper. Moreover, there is no special need, and there is no need to list famous teaching materials or some outdated historical materials.

2) Only the published documents are recorded. Public publication refers to publication in newspapers and periodicals publicly issued at home and abroad or in officially published books. Articles published in journals for internal communication and materials for internal use, especially articles that are not suitable for publication, cannot be cited as references.

3) The cited arguments must be accurate and cannot be taken out of context.

4) Adopt standardized description format. There are international standards and national standards for the description of references after the paper, and both the author of the paper and the editor of the journal should master and strictly implement them.

5) Methods of recording references. According to GB 77 1487 "Rules for the Description of References", the sequential coding system and the author's publishing year system are adopted. Among them, the sequential coding system is widely used by China sci-tech periodicals, which is emphasized here.