1, personality principle

Teenagers' innovative ability must follow the principle of individualization, teach students in accordance with their aptitude, pay attention to stimulating teenagers' initiative and creativity, and cultivate their independent consciousness, independent personality and critical spirit. To establish the principle of individualization of education, we must first get rid of the misunderstanding of thought and understanding. We should liberate ourselves from the misunderstanding of "opposing all-round development with personality development" and "understanding all-round development as average development" and correctly understand Marx's theory on all-round development; It is necessary to get rid of the misconception of "educational equality", admit differences, develop differences, encourage competition, encourage cutting-edge, not all-rounders, and allow the survival and development of partial talents, wizards and freaks. Secondly, we should cultivate and strengthen teenagers' independent consciousness and personality from an early age. Parents and teachers should completely change the old concept that "obedience is a good boy and a good student", treat children and students with a democratic and equal attitude, encourage them to question boldly, ask "why" and "how" in everything, make up their own minds and make their own decisions, guide and protect their curiosity, self-confidence, imagination and expression desire, and gradually develop their autonomy, enterprising, courage and expression ability. Third, we should teach students in accordance with their aptitude. Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude means carrying out different education according to people's abilities, personalities and interests. Teachers should be good at stimulating students' curiosity and creativity, encouraging students to speak boldly, think diligently and discuss more, teaching students critical ability, innovative thinking and diversity in all aspects, cultivating students' innovative spirit, and striving to create a relaxed, free and democratic good atmosphere of "learning from teaching".

2. The systematic principle of innovation ability

The so-called system is an organic whole with a certain overall function, which is composed of several interrelated and interactive elements with a certain structure. According to the principle of general system theory, on the one hand, cultivating young people's innovative ability is an organic whole including cultivating innovative consciousness, innovative spirit, innovative thinking and innovative methods, which must not be separated; On the other hand, cultivating young people's innovative ability is a huge social system project, which requires the joint participation of the government, schools, families and society. There is no way out for closed education. System science theory provides methodological enlightenment and guidance for us to cultivate teenagers' innovative ability.

3. Practical principles of innovation ability

Cultivating young people's innovative ability, whether it is the purpose, the way or the final result, can not be separated from practice. Following practical principles means adhering to the Marxist concept of education and talents, insisting that innovation is a creative practice, and insisting on practice is the only criterion for testing and evaluating young people's innovative ability.

4. Cooperation principle of innovation ability

The so-called cooperation means that several people or units complete a task together. Teenagers' innovative ability is not only related to their intellectual factors, but also non-intellectual factors affect their creative potential to a great extent. The cooperative feature in personality quality is such a factor. People's creativity is not only a personal quality, but also a feature of socialization. To cultivate young people's cooperative spirit, we must first cultivate their optimistic, open-minded and cheerful personality, learn to get along with others and learn to care about others. Secondly, let them participate in various collective activities, learn to work in competitive groups, and learn to create in cooperation with others.

Cultivation of innovative ability:

The cultivation of teenagers' innovative ability should focus on college, middle school and primary school students. Young students have innovation potential, and their innovation ability can be greatly improved as long as the methods are proper. In view of the lack of innovative consciousness and ability of young students today, we can explore and try to cultivate young students' innovative ability from the following five aspects.

Respect students' personality development and innovative spirit.

We can't treat students as passive managed objects, nor can we treat students as containers to instill knowledge, but we should treat every student as a subject with creative potential and personality. Schools should attach importance to students' personality differences and pay attention to their personality development. Otherwise, if all aspects of management are too dead, students will be completely passive, their personality will not be respected and developed, and it will be impossible to cultivate students' creative spirit and innovation ability. Therefore, we should reform the traditional education and teaching management system, such as implementing a diversified learning process management model, allowing students who have not graduated from universities to start their own businesses, retaining their school status for a certain period of time, and encouraging those students who dare to innovate to stand out.

Innovative ability creates an innovative environment and atmosphere on campus.

The construction of innovative environment in schools is a necessary condition for cultivating innovative talents, and the construction of innovative environment in universities and middle schools should be placed in an important position in school work. Universities should make full use of the second classroom, hold various academic lectures, academic salons and scientific reports of college students on a regular basis, publish essays for college students, encourage students to actively participate in academic activities, get to know different fields and communicate with different disciplines, so as to learn how others can creatively solve problems and strengthen their innovative consciousness; Encourage students to be bold and innovative, so that they can participate in teachers' scientific research projects, or they can draw up their own topics, appoint teachers to guide them, regularly check and evaluate students' scientific research projects, cultivate students' innovative perseverance and sense of responsibility, broaden their horizons and effectively play their creative talents; Establish an incentive competition mechanism, hold various forms of competition activities, commend and reward students with outstanding innovation achievements, and give various care or preferential treatment to students who have achieved national or provincial (ministerial) innovation achievements in accordance with relevant regulations.

Construct a reasonable curriculum system and offer innovative courses with characteristics.

Creative ability comes from solid basic knowledge and good quality, and it is not enough to master a single professional knowledge. Therefore, it is very important to strengthen the connotation renewal and extension of students' basic education and build a reasonable curriculum system. In university education, we should pay attention to the infiltration of arts and sciences. Some natural science courses can be offered to liberal arts students, and the education of humanities courses for science students can be appropriately strengthened so that arts and sciences can penetrate each other. We should change the current situation that the division of majors is too fine and students' knowledge is narrow, and implement the education of major disciplines and majors, so that the courses can penetrate each other and break the obvious curriculum boundaries. Primary and secondary schools can arrange some innovative courses appropriately to guide students to enhance their awareness of innovation and cultivate their interest in innovation.

Universities should increase the proportion of elective courses and allow students to take elective courses across departments and majors, so that students can rely on one major and focus on interdisciplinary comprehensive training. This can not only optimize students' knowledge structure, prepare for further study in a certain major in the future, but also help to develop students' special interests, thus learning knowledge well and improving their enthusiasm for innovation. A series of special innovation courses should be offered. These courses discuss creative thinking from the perspective of thinking science or psychology, methodology and other disciplines. In this respect, we mainly focus on teaching students some basic scientific research innovation methods, such as how to choose a topic, how to collect, analyze and sort out information, how to refine arguments (viewpoints), how to find a layout and arrange the structure of papers; How to demonstrate; How to modify the manuscript, understand the writing format and norms of the paper, and so on. At the same time, students are consciously assigned some comprehensive big homework or small papers, and they are given some basic training in scientific research and innovation. Teachers give necessary guidance and counseling, so that students can initially master the methods and ways of scientific research and innovation. Through the practice of scientific research and innovation, the ability and level of scientific research and innovation have been significantly improved.

Innovating ability, improving teaching methods and changing training mode

Interest is the best teacher. If students have a strong interest in research and innovation, they will have a strong thirst for knowledge and will be eager to learn and study. Therefore, it is the primary problem for teachers to mobilize and stimulate students' interest in scientific research and innovation through various means, which requires teachers to continuously improve and optimize teaching methods.

It is necessary to change the teaching method based on "teachers' unilateral teaching" in the past to "stimulate students to actively pursue knowledge". Actively practice heuristic and discussion teaching, stimulate students' independent thinking and innovative consciousness, cultivate students' innovative ability on the basis of autonomy, and effectively improve teaching quality. Let students feel and understand the process of knowledge generation and development, and cultivate students' scientific spirit and innovative thinking habits. Actively create conditions for students to actively participate in the teaching process and change students from passive learning to active learning. It is necessary to fully mobilize students' learning consciousness and enthusiasm, so that they are active and good at thinking and can solve various problems. In terms of teaching methods, according to the "acceptable principle", we should choose the teaching materials that are really suitable for college students and pay attention to cultivating students' awareness and ability to acquire, use and create knowledge. Teachers should try their best to tap the potential of each student, cultivate students' innovative consciousness and stimulate their creative enthusiasm.

Innovation ability and improvement of examination methods

Traditional classroom teaching attaches importance to imparting existing knowledge, and students can pass the exam only by memorizing and accumulating knowledge. This kind of examination method is obviously not conducive to the cultivation of students' innovative ability, which requires us to reform the traditional examination method. The new examination mode should not only examine students' mastery of knowledge, but also their ability to creatively analyze and solve problems, so as to cultivate students' innovative consciousness and ability.

In terms of examination methods, there can be an appropriate number of open-book examinations. During the examination, students are allowed to bring textbooks, notes and other materials, express different opinions, encourage those creative answers, and guide students to analyze and solve problems. Some courses can also replace the traditional closed-book examination with comprehensive assignments and special papers, and relax the examination time limit, so as to collect information and do more in-depth discussion and research on related issues.

In terms of examination content, try to reduce the content of basic knowledge and basic theory that need to be memorized in the examination paper, and try to arrange some exploratory questions without unified standard answers, which require students to think deeply before they can answer; Or arrange some comprehensive questions, which require students to use the theoretical knowledge they have learned and answer after repeated and serious analysis and thinking. This is conducive to cultivating students' creative thinking and ability, and plays an important guiding role for them.