There are many Chinese characters in Japanese, most of which were introduced from China since ancient times. From the definition of loanwords, Chinese vocabulary should also belong to a kind of loanwords. But from a customary point of view, Chinese words are not included in loanwords.
Some loanwords introduced earlier have been completely integrated into Japanese, and there is almost no feeling from foreign languages. Historically, such words were written in hiragana or Chinese characters, but now they are generally written in hiragana.
For example: たばこ (tobacco), てんぷら (tempura), かっぱ (feather), じゅば.
Words that have been japanized but still have feelings from foreign languages are generally written in katakana. The word forms of these words are relatively fixed.
For example: ラジォ, ナィフスタート, ォバーガリ.
Words with obvious feelings from foreign languages are written in katakana. This kind of vocabulary often has no fixed word form (that is, writing method), but some words with customary writing methods are generally written according to customary writing methods. This kind of vocabulary may be written with syllables that are not found in modern Japanese and Chinese vocabulary. These special syllabic pseudonyms are used to write loanwords, foreign place names and names close to the original sound or spelling. These special syllabic pseudonyms include:
イェ(ye),ウィ(wi),ウェ(we),ウオ,クァ(qwa),グァ(gwa),クィ(qwi),クェ(qwe),クォ(qwo),シェ(she),ジェ(je),チェ(che),ツァ(tsa),ツィ(tsi),ツェ(tse),ツォ(tso),テイ,デイ,テユ,デユ,トゥ(twu),ドゥ(dwu)、フ? (FA)、フィ(fi)、フェ(fe)、フォ(fo)、フュ(fyu)、チチ.)
In principle, the long sound of loanwords is written with the long sound symbol "-". For example: ォーバート. However, there are also people who are used to adding vowels instead of writing long sound symbols, such as ミィラ, バレェ, ェ.
At the end of English words, the sounds are equivalent to -er, -or, -ar, and they are written with the long sound symbol "—"."In principle, it is a long sound, but "—" is often omitted according to custom. For example: ェレベータ (-), コンピュータ (ー), etc.
In principle, the sounds corresponding to the syllables after ィ and ェ are written as ァ, such as ピァノ, フェァプレー. However, according to custom, there are also some.
(The following are descriptions of loanwords in standard Japanese textbooks. )
Many words in Japanese are absorbed from foreign languages (mainly European and American languages). These words are called foreign words. A large number of loanwords are used in daily conversations and articles, which is a major feature of Japanese.
Some foreign words have different meanings from the original words. In Japan, "ァルバィト" means that students do odd jobs, "ァょバィ"
Loanwords are usually written in katakana, so it is clear at a glance. But in fact, there are many foreign words that we don't usually realize are foreign words. For example, "タバコ (たばこここ)" was originally written in Portuguese. Many Japanese people think that it was originally written in Japanese because it was written in the hiragana "たばこ".
On the other hand, a baseball game held in a stadium with lighting at night is called "ナィター", and a bus with only a driver but no conductor is called "ワンマ". It can be said that it is a foreign word made in Japan and foreigners don't understand it. However, quite a few Japanese believe that these words were originally absorbed from foreign countries.