1, Hypothetical Backstepping Method: After giving an example, we can draw a conclusion contrary to the viewpoint from the negative hypothesis, thus proving the correctness of the viewpoint.
Argument: Will
Argument: Beethoven got ear disease at the age of 28. He died at the age of 57, and he has been struggling with the terrible pain of deafness for more than 20 years. But Beethoven didn't give in to fate. He fought against the disease with tenacious will, and finally wrote the Ninth Symphony, the most famous and combative work in his life, a few years ago.
Hypothetical deduction: If Beethoven lacks tenacious will in the environment, will he still become the greatest musician in the world? The answer is obviously no, so only tenacious will and indomitable spirit of struggle can conquer any mountain in the world.
2. Causality analysis: If the viewpoint is the reason in the example, the result will be deduced; If the viewpoint is the result of the example, the reason will be traced back and the viewpoint will be proved correct through causal analysis.
Argument: Will
Argument: Beethoven got ear disease at the age of 28. He died at the age of 57, and he has been struggling with the terrible pain of deafness for more than 20 years. But Beethoven didn't give in to fate. He fought against the disease with tenacious will, and finally wrote the Ninth Symphony, the most famous and combative work in his life, a few years ago.
Causal analysis: Beethoven was able to overcome the defect of deafness and the injustice of fate, and finally became the greatest musician in the world because of his tenacious will and indomitable spirit of struggle. With tenacious will, we can conquer any peak in the world.
3. Explanation after the example: After listing the examples, explain the key contents closely related to the sub-argument, so as to highlight its meaning and better demonstrate the point of view.
Argument: To solve the problem of urban diseases and build a livable city, we must pay attention to meticulous management.
Argument: London has established a paid parking website, which lists the location/charging standard and process of parking lots in the city center in detail; Finnish factories constantly improve the filtration technology of waste gas emissions, and urban residents gradually give up petrochemical energy; The public transportation in Boston, USA is managed by a head office, which brings real convenience to people.
Example: The practice abroad fully shows that meticulous management pays attention to details and is innovative and pragmatic, which is also a good way to solve urban diseases.
4. Positive and negative contrast method: After citing positive and negative examples, closely analyze and demonstrate from both positive and negative aspects.
Argument: Making suggestions is the booster of national social progress.
Argument: Shang Zhouwang was arrogant and bent on his own way, and eventually died in the sea of fire; Emperor Taizong humbly coachable, creating a prosperous time of Zhenguan; Chu Huaiwang didn't listen to Qu Zi's advice, closed the door to listen, and ended up in a foreign land. Qi Weiwang is good at coachable, bustling, won the vassal worship.
Contrast method: There are countless such examples, which shows that adopting the opinions of the masses is of great significance for governing the country and promoting social progress.