The research shows that the differences in geographical environment, aesthetic ideal and cultural background lead to different gardening ideas between China and Europe, and show obvious differences in style and form. Generally speaking, influenced by Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism, China's classical gardens respected nature. In the Song and Ming Dynasties, under the influence of Zen and Neo-Confucianism, they developed into a natural and freehand landscape garden style. European classical gardens, represented by Italian gardens, French gardens and British gardens, are of the same origin, and their prototype is geometric regular gardens in the classical world. But in the18th century, influenced by the historical process of social, economic and cultural development, Italian Renaissance and Baroque gardens with the characteristics of "third nature", French classical gardens with "great style" and British realistic natural landscape gardens appeared. In this study, the classical gardens in China and Europe in the18th century were compared and analyzed, and the laws of traditional gardens in China and Europe were understood by combining relevant materials, which provided necessary examples for the in-depth study of this paper. The article is divided into three parts. The first part briefly introduces the general situation of China and Europe in the18th century from four aspects: political system, economic development, ideological culture and religious belief. The second part is the main body of the article, comparing the Chinese and European classical gardens in18th century from five aspects: natural environment, social factors, gardening techniques, spatial layout and gardening elements. The third part is the conclusion of the article. The comparative contents in the main body of the article are divided into three parts: the first part is the comparison of Chinese and European classical gardens; The second part is a comparative case analysis, that is, a China classical garden and a European classical garden are selected for comparison; Finally, the third part analyzes the reasons for the differences between Chinese and European classical gardens. Due to the different structures and forms of Chinese and European cultures, or the different philosophical basis and ideas of cultural formation, Chinese and European classical gardens have formed two different types. But they are all part of the world garden culture and belong to the world garden art. Although they are so different, they still have some similarities in origin, development process and the formation of aesthetic psychology. Through a series of comparative analysis, the final conclusion of this study also includes the essential similarities between China classical gardens and European classical gardens, which are obviously very different. The purpose of this paper is to urge garden workers to understand the fine traditions and existing problems of both sides, carry forward the fine traditions of classical gardens in China, learn from the advantages of European gardens, and find a correct development path for garden construction in China. At the same time, the comparative study of Chinese and European gardens will also help to understand the essential characteristics of garden art, explore the universal laws of garden art, expand the research field of garden science, provide historical reference for creating new garden art styles, and strive to make new contributions to the prosperity and development of the world garden industry. '