For example, "Luoyang relatives and friends ask each other, and a piece of ice heart is in the jade pot." (Wang Changling's Farewell to Xin Jian at Furong Inn) Bing Xin: A noble soul. The ancients used "as clear as jade pot ice" as a metaphor for a person's open and aboveboard mind. Another example is "I should miss Linghai for many years, alone, my liver and lungs are all ice and snow." During her one-year career in Lingnan, her personality and conduct are as crystal clear and noble as ice and snow.
2, the moon misses the moon-causing parting and homesickness.
For example, "looking up, I found that it was moonlight, and then sinking, I suddenly remembered home." (Li Bai's Silent Night Thinking) For example, "The small building was easterly again last night, so my country could not bear to look back on the bright moon." (Li Yu's "Yu Meiren") Looking at the moon and thinking about the old country shows the special pain of the monarch who has perished. For example, "There are 300,000 people in the village, and I look back at the moon for a while." Hundreds of thousands of soldiers in moraine, desert and vast desert all looked up at the rising moon for a time and could not restrain their homesickness.
3. Willows fold willows to bid farewell.
Since the Han Dynasty, people have often expressed their feelings of parting by folding willows, which triggered the yearning for distant relatives and the homesickness of travelers. For example, the poem "Farewell" tested by 1987: the willows are hanging on the ground and the flowers are flying in the sky. Willow branches are broken and flowers are flying. Will pedestrians come back?
Because of the homophonic sound of "willow" and "willow", the ancients often used folding willows to express their deep feelings of farewell. This custom began in the Han Dynasty and flourished in the Tang Dynasty. In the Han dynasty, there was a tune called "Folding Willow", which expressed farewell feelings in the form of playing. In the Tang Dynasty, Baling Bridge in Xi 'an was the only place for people to leave Chang 'an when they went to all parts of the country. Surrounded by willows, Baling Bridge became a famous place for the ancients to fold willows to bid farewell. For example, the poem "Willow leaves every year, Baling is sad to leave" was used by later generations as the source of farewell allusions. Therefore, there are poems in the text, "Qingyang is more separated from strangers." In "Lin Yuling", Liu Yong expresses the sadness of parting with "Where to wake up after drinking tonight, Yang Liuan, where the wind is resting".
"When I hear the sound of the flute breaking the willow, I don't see the spring scenery", which means that the tune of "breaking the willow" in the flute spreads far away, but I don't see the willow green and spring scenery, so as to express my feelings of sighing for the spring.
"Who can't afford to miss home?" It's about hearing the tune of "folding willow" tonight. Who doesn't miss his hometown?
4. Cicada is virtuous.
The ancients thought that cicada eating wind and drinking dew was a symbol of nobility, so the ancients often used cicada's nobility to express its noble character. "Tang Poetry" says: "Every time a cicada sings, it respects its nature."
Because cicadas live on high branches, eat wind and sleep outdoors, and don't eat fireworks, so their moral character belongs to lofty type. A political prisoner is listening to Luo's Cicada: "Who knows if he is still singing?" Li Shangyin's Cicada: I am pure in mind, so I long to live a pure life like you. Wang's: "I am noble and I am in pain." Yu Shinan's Cicada: "It is not the autumn wind that makes you aloof." They all use cicadas as a metaphor for noble morality.
5. Vegetation contrasts desolation with vegetation prosperity to express ups and downs.
For example, "after ten miles of spring breeze, wheat is green." (Jiang Kui's "Yangzhou Slow") The spring breeze is ten miles, and Yangzhou Road, which was once very prosperous, is now full of green wheat and desolate. "The old garden is bleak and new, and Ling sings without winning spring." The willows in the wasteland of the old garden of Wu State have sprouted new branches (desolation). Looking back, it is more beautiful than when the song and dance were crowing in spring. Here, lush willows set off desolation.
"It's spring when the grass is green in front of the steps, and birds are singing happily under the leaves." A generation of sages and their achievements have disappeared. Now, only the grass reflected by the green stone steps gives birth to spring scenery every year (spring scenery is beautiful), and the oriole makes this beautiful cry in vain. The poet lamented that the past was empty and deeply regretted.
"There are wild grass flowers on Suzaku Bridge, and the sunset at the entrance of Wuyi Lane is oblique." (Liu Yuxi's Wuyi Lane) The former prosperity of Zhuque Bridge has disappeared. The bridge is covered with weeds and wild flowers. Wuyi Lane has lost its former glory, and the sunset reflects the dilapidated and desolate alleys.
6. Nanpu In ancient Chinese poetry, Nanpu is a place where water is sent to the frontier.
Qu Yuan's "Nine Songs of Hebo": "Go to Nanpu, a beautiful woman." Jiang Yan's "Biefu": "Spring grass is green and spring water is surging. It's so sad to send you to Nanpu!" Fan Chengda's "Hengtang": "Nanpu spring comes to a blue river, and the stone bridge and the tower are still two." The ancient people's farewell to the water is not only in Nanpu, because of the long-term national culture, Nanpu has become the proper name of the farewell place to the water.
7. The pavilion is a place to tell others on land.
Li Bai Bodhisattva Xia: "Where are you going home? The pavilion is shorter. " Liu Yong's Yulinling: "Cold and sad, Changting is too late." Li Shutong's Farewell: "Outside the pavilion, beside the ancient road, the grass is green." Obviously, in China's classical poetry, the pavilion has become a farewell place on land.
8. Harp (1) is a metaphor for the harmony between husband and wife, also called "harp".
Poem Nan Zhou Guanluo: "My Fair Lady, Friend of the Harp." Xiaoya Long Beach: "A good wife is like a drum, and a harp is a harp."
(2) metaphor friendship between brothers and friends.
Chen Ziang's poem "Farewell to Friends on a Spring Night" says: "When you get out of the hall, think about the harp, and don't take another road around Sichuan."
9. The cotton bollworm "Poem Xiaoya Little Bowl": "The cotton bollworm has a son, and it wins and loses." Yao Ying (a kind of bee) catches moths for food, pierces them with an ovipositor, injects them with bee venom to paralyze them, and then puts them into the hive as food for Yao Ying larvae. The ancients mistakenly thought that cockroaches prevailed and raised moths as sons, because they were called moths as sons.
10, Hongyan
According to Su Shichuan in Hanshu, Xiongnu Khan deceived China's envoy and said that Su Wu was dead. China's envoy deliberately said that the son of heaven shot down a swan flying from the north when hunting, and it was written by Su Wu with silk on his feet. Khan had to let Su Wu go. Later, we used "Hongyan", "Yan Shu", "Yanzu" and "Yuyan" to refer to letters and information. For example, Yan Shu's "Qingpingle" said, "When writing in fine print, it can be said that business is flat. The swan goose is in the clouds, but the fish is there. This situation is hard to send. " Li Qingzhao's poem says, "When the wild goose returns, the West Building will be full in the next month." Another poem by Li Qingzhao said: "A book leaning on sound is not as good as a goose, and the east is far less than Penglai." These geese are messengers here.
1 1. Artifact refers to kindness and political power.
Laozi: "I want to take the world and do it." I don't think I can do it myself. " The world's artifacts cannot be done. "
12, Yue Lao
According to legend, in the Tang Dynasty, Wei Gu passed by Song Cheng at the foot of the mountain and met an old man sitting and turning over a book. Wei Gu went to peek, but he didn't know a word. I didn't know until I asked the old man that the old man was the immortal of official marriage, and the book I searched was a marriage book (see "Continued Ghost Record Engagement Shop"). Later known as the old man under the moon, or the old man under the moon.
13. Tao Zhu, nicknamed Fan Li, was a doctor who went to Yue in the Spring and Autumn Period.
According to legend, after he helped Gou Jian destroy Wu, he left Yue for Tao. He was good at managing his own livelihood and accumulated a lot of wealth, so later people called him "Tao Zhu" or "Tao Zhugong" and he was a rich businessman.
14, Zhu Rong
Legend has it that The King of Chu State's ancestor was Huo Zheng (the official in charge of fire) in Gaoxin Di Ku. He was called Zhu Rong because of his light and human life, and was later worshipped as Vulcan. So the fire is called the Zhu Rong disaster.
15, autumn water, autumn water, refers to the eyes and describes the urgency of hope. The second fold of the third volume of The West Chamber "looks through his autumn waters and scratches his faint spring mountain." Spring mountain refers to the eyebrows.
16, Lian Lizhi, a lovebird is a metaphor for loving couples.
A connecting branch means that two trees are connected together. Love birds, a legendary bird, is used as a metaphor for loving couples in classical poetry. Legend has it that in old China, King Kang of Song married Han Ping, an official, and imprisoned Han Ping. Han committed suicide and his wife's clothes were rotten. When she went on stage to play with King Kang, she threw herself under the stage and everyone pulled his clothes. As a result, she fell to her death, leaving a suicide note saying that Han Ping was buried together, but Kang Wang buried them in two places. Soon, a catalpa tree was born on each of the two graves, and it grew very thick in ten days. The roots and branches of two trees are intertwined, and there is a pair of mandarin ducks on the tree, groaning at each other. Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow: "On the seventh day of July, in the Palace of Eternal Life, we secretly told each other in the quiet midnight world. We hope to fly in heaven, two birds grow together on the earth with the same wing, two branches of a tree ... "With these sentences, it is no wonder that people call marriage" tying the knot ".
17, Kong Fang brothers
Because old copper coins have square holes, people call money Kong Fang brothers (with humor and contempt).
18, childhood friends
From Li Bai's Long March: "When you, my love, ride a bamboo horse, run in circles and throw your childhood. We live together in an alley in Changgan, and we are all young and happy. " Later, "childhood friends" were used to describe the innocence of men and women when they were young, and also to refer to the partners they knew when they were young.
19, winning the championship is a metaphor for plotting imperial power.
"Three Years of Zuo Zhuan Gong Xuan": "When attacking Lu Rong, as for Luo, look at his soldiers in Zhoujiang. The appointment of the king made the king and grandson work hard in Zi Chu, and the size of Zichu's victory is not important. " Three generations regarded Jiuding as a national treasure, and Zi Chu won the championship, indicating that he was interested in Zhou. Later, he used the metaphor of winning the championship to plot imperial power.
20. Look back and leave. It means both parents are dead.
Shimi's Chen Qingbiao: "Having a baby in June, parents meet."
2 1, fighting for deer
"The Biography of Han Kuai Tong": "Qin lost his deer, and the world chased it." Yan Shigu quoted Zhang Yan as saying, "A deer is a metaphor for the throne." Later, it was compared with the struggle for the world. Wei Zhi's Shu Huai: "At the beginning of the Central Plains, I fought for deer and threw my pen at Rong Xuan."
22. Three feet is synonymous with law.
Three feet, also known as "three-foot method", is synonymous with law. In ancient times, laws were written on three-foot bamboo slips, so it was called "three-foot method"
Du Kang.
"Shuo Wen Jie Zi towel department": "Shao Kang, an ancient man, made broom wine first. Shao Kang, Du Kang also. " After that, Du Kang was regarded as the representative of wine. Cao Cao's "Short Songs": "How to solve your worries, only Du Kang."
24. Swan flies very high, which is often used to describe a person who is ambitious.
Historical Records Chen She Family: "Chen She sighed:' Swallows know the ambition of swans!'" " "
Qin Jin.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, Qin Jin and China got married, and later called the marriage of the two surnames "the goodness of Qin and Jin". The second book of The West Chamber has a first discount: "I would rather marry a hero and become Qin Jin."
Peng Zu.
Peng Zu, a legendary story character, was born in Xia Dynasty and was over 800 years old by the end of Yin Dynasty. In the old society, Peng Zu was regarded as a symbol of longevity. He wished people a long life by "sharing the same life with Peng Zu".
27. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Xie Jia often used the classic "Xie Jia" in his poems. These allusions have two main meanings:
(1) With the family affairs of Xie An and Xie Xuan, it shows that people have manners. In Shi Shuo Xin Yu, Xie An once asked his nephew: Why do people always want their children to be good? Nephew Xie Xuan replied: "For example, Yushu in Lan Zhi should be born in the ears of terraced fields." That is to say, Xie An's children pay attention to manners, and dress dignified and generous, like Yushu in Lan Zhi. So it is used to refer to people with grace. Xin Qiji's "Bi Yuan Chun Duo Xi Chi": "Like the son of Xie Jia, well dressed, like a family, riding gracefully."
(2) refers to the landscape poet Xie Lingyun. "The Biography of Xie Lingyun in Song Dynasty" contains: Spiritual luck lies in Huiji Mountain, "building different businesses, taking rivers by the mountains and living in seclusion". Later it refers to the beauty of home. 28. Chicken ribs
Chicken ribs are tasteless to eat, but it's a pity to discard them. Metaphor is of little value and significance (see The History of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Shu and Wu Di Ji).
Chen Juan.
Chan Juan, with beautiful posture, is often used to describe women; Because people often call the moon a beauty, it is called Chanjuan.
30. provide celery
There is a story in Liezi Yang Zhu. Once upon a time, a man boasted about how delicious celery was in front of the village gentry. After tasting it, the gentry was stung in the mouth and miserable in the stomach. Later, "offering Qin" was used modestly to call the gift to the giver meager, or the suggestions made were shallow. Also known as "Qin Xian". Gao Shi's On the Way to the Yellow River: "I still have the heart to offer Qin, and I see the Lord for no reason."