References and comments
⑴ Citation: Try to quote as little as possible, and don't take it out of context, thinking that readers don't understand. Quotations and explanations should be clearly defined and checked correctly. Generally, unpublished materials should not be cited. Materials published online should not be cited.
(2) Note: Footnotes, chapters, section notes and endnotes in paragraphs.
Quotations should be coded, generally using ① ② ③, and "*" (asterisk) can be added if there are few comments.
(3) Annotation style
Meaning of annotation
The main purpose of annotations is to show the specific source of the author's statements or opinions directly or indirectly in the article. Its purpose is:
1 is to meet the actual needs of readers for verification and retrieval.
2. It is a necessary "attachment" of standardized academic research, showing the vision, quality, level, interest and many other aspects of an academic achievement.
3. The attitude towards annotations also reflects the author's academic attitude, such as quoting other people's opinions or statements without making annotations, not indicating the true source objectively and accurately in annotations, and treating second-hand materials as first-hand materials. , are against academic ethics.
Therefore, all materials and information involved in the formation of thesis arguments, arguments and explanations should provide sources and comments.
2. Format of comments
Although the requirements for annotation formats in domestic publications are not completely consistent at present, the annotation formats are usually arranged in the order of author's name, title, place of publication, publishing house, year of publication and page number of citation, but there are some differences in individual order and punctuation.
I. Chinese description
A. Cite monographs
Example: ① Goethe's The Trouble of Raising Teenagers, translated by Hou Tanji, Shanghai Translation Publishing House, 1982, p. 9.
Note: (1) The author's name is followed by the title without a colon or funny things;
(2) When quoting a translated work, the translator's name must be indicated, usually after the title of the book and before the place of publication;
(3) If there is no restriction on an author, the author's name should be separated by a pause; If there are more than two authors, you can write the name of the first author and add the word "equal". Omit other authors after it; These two points also apply to translators;
Example: ② hermann hesse's Waiting for the God of Dostoevsky, translated by others, Beijing: Social Science Literature Publishing House, 1999, p. 62.
(4) If there is a subtitle in the title, it should be separated from the title by a dash, such as The Veil of the Selected Works of the Pope of Geneva College of Literature;
(5) If the cited works are multi-volume, the number of volumes should be placed directly after the book number, without commas in the middle, or it can be expressed in brackets, such as: The Complete Works of Marx and Engels, Volume 1, History of Western Philosophy; Complete works of Marx and Engels (1); History of Western Philosophy (I);
(6) If the name of the publishing house already contains the place of publication, there is no need to indicate the place of publication, such as "Shanghai Translation Publishing House" in the above example, otherwise, it is necessary to indicate the place of publication, such as: Beijing: People's Publishing House; For the sake of accuracy, it is best to write the full name of the publishing house with a long name, such as: Beijing (or Shanghai): Life, Reading and New Knowledge Joint Publishing House, Beijing: China Social Sciences Publishing House, and don't simplify it to "Joint Publishing House" or "Social Sciences Publishing House";
B. Citation compilation
Example: (3) Zhang Longxi's Translation of Comparative Literature, Peking University Publishing House, 1982, p. 6.
Note: (1) After editing the name, the names of "Editor", "Editor-in-Chief" and "Editor-in-Chief" must be clearly indicated according to the original information.
C. Cite anthologies or publications and newspaper articles
Example: ④ The Title and Essence of Modernism by Mai bulut Bly and Jan MacFarlane. See Research on Modernist Literature (I) edited by Yuan Kejia, Beijing: China Social Sciences Press, 1989, p. 2 12.
⑤ Huang on Balzac's literary thoughts, Foreign Literature Review, No.4, 2000, p. 16. .
⑥ Hong Xu's "Goodbye" was mistranslated or misread, which appeared in the literary newspaper+0999165438+1October 23rd.
(7) Do not add the word "version" after the publication date;
(8) The page number of the citation should be as accurate as possible. If the quotation spans two pages, it should be indicated, such as 78-79 pages; If the quotation involves multiple pages, the page numbers should be marked one by one in order, such as pages 7, 8 and 9; If multiple notes are merged into one place, the number of pages must correspond to the number of notes, even if some or all of the notes are from the same page, such as: ① ② ⑧ ⑩ ..................................................................................................................... If some notes involve more than one page number, they should be marked one by one, and distinguished by a pause and a comma in the total page number, that is, several pages of the same note are separated by a pause, and separated from the page numbers of other notes by a number, such as ① ② ⑤ ⑧ ⑩ ... 20th, 2 1, 22, 23-25, 27.
Two. Foreign language notes
If a foreign language work is quoted, the copyright information of the original work should be given, and it should not be translated into Chinese, so that readers can find the original text.
A. Cite monographs
Example: ⑦ Arthur Ransom, Oscar Wilde: A Critical Study, London: Metthuen, 19 15, P.6 1.
Note: (1) Put a comma between the author and the title; (2) The title of the book must be put in a bag in italics, without the title; (3)]
Book titles are separated by colons or commas without dashes; (4) If the cited work is translated, the translator shall be indicated.
Lev tolstoy, what is artistic translation? T.Mande, new york: Oxford University Press, 1962, p. 258.
B. Citation compilation
For example: carl baker Sen, editor. Oscar Wilde: Criticizing Heritage, London: routledge and Kegen Paul, 1970, PP, 178- 179.
C. Cite articles from anthologies or periodicals
For example, take part in roland barthes's "Style and Its Image", Seymour chatman ed. Literary style: a symposium, London: Oxford University Press, 197 1, P. 10.
⑾ Mary Therese McCarthy, "A bolt from the blue", in New Public Newspaper, CXLVE(4,1June 962), p. 102.
D. quote newspaper articles
For example: Richard Bernstein, "S. greenblatt: An Interview", new york Times, August 14, 1989.
Note: (1) The title of the article is the full name, with quotation marks before and after, and the comma after the title is in quotation marks;
(2) The titles of anthologies, publications or newspapers are italicized;
(3) Foreign language publications should generally indicate the number of volumes, issues and publication date.
Problems existing in graduation thesis over the years
Topic: Simply talk about appearance, simply talk about it, simply talk about it, or the topic is too big and there is no subtitle limit.
The topic is irrelevant.
Oral English: I think, I think. ...
I don't have my own materials, I don't have my own opinions, I just outlined what others said.
No comments, no references.
In order to complete the number of words, patchwork. I don't know what I'm learning.
Ask yourself (tutor) before and after writing a paper.
What questions did the paper raise?
What fresh materials does the paper provide?
Have the problems raised in the paper been satisfactorily solved in the paper?
What is the significance of the paper?
Are the basic concepts in the paper clear, and will others misread them when reading? At least prevent the misreading of the marking teacher and the defense teacher.