In the social ceremony of slavery in the Western Zhou Dynasty, various social relations were mainly maintained by personal contact and personal relations. The communication between vassal States is called "ceremony", while nobles rely on "punishment" to force ordinary people to obey. During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the original rigid boundaries of all social strata were gradually broken, and the powers invaded and merged. Leaders of all countries want to preserve their countries, strengthen their military, political and economic strength and strengthen their rule in the brutal competition of the jungle, which requires centralization. Faced with this situation, Confucianism, Mohism and other factions are trying to solve various problems of the king, but they are too idealistic and unrealistic. What kings of all countries like to hear is not how to seek people to live and work in peace and contentment, but how to solve the current grim international situation. In this way, a group of "alchemists" stepped onto the historical stage. Some people provided theoretical basis for his general plan of governing the country, which constituted the ideological proposition of legalists. There is a misunderstanding of legalists that they advocate law, but in fact legalists advocate the theory and method of organizing and leading totalitarianism. Legalists themselves are often politicians, not jurists.
Han Feizi believes that "you can't have nothing, you are all emperors." A wise monarch is like a sky, which is a "law"; When the king controls the people, God is elusive and unpredictable. This is "art"; The king has majesty and commands the mountains. This is the "potential". He sharply criticized Confucianism and Mohism, put forward the idea of combining law, technique and potential with the rule of law as the center, and formed a relatively complete theory of feudal absolutism. Legalists strongly exaggerate the role of law, emphasize the use of heavy punishment to govern the country, and "punish punishment with punishment", impose heavy punishment on minor crimes, and superstitious about the role of law.
Legalists represent feudalism with a high degree of monarchical centralization, rather than the concept of "ruling the country according to law" and "separation of powers" of modern capitalism.
-
Let me choose the natural purity of Taoism, because I have no desire to rule the country and level the world, just want to live a good life alone.
In addition, Wudou Midao, Quanzhen Daoism and Shidao Daoism after the Eastern Han Dynasty are not representatives of Taoism!
Taoism is naturalism, simple materialism, a school of philosophy, not religion, and does not worship God or Buddha.
Taoism is a kind of religion, which deifies Laozi into an "excessive old gentleman", worships deities and buddhas, and promotes idealism.