Chen Duxiu's life has experienced ups and downs. From a handsome scholar, he became a professor at Peking University and a senior in liberal arts, to the "Commander-in-Chief during the May 4th Movement", to the founder of the China * * * production party, and even to the general secretary of the Fifth Central Committee. Once upon a time, the stars changed, Chen Duxiu developed right opportunism under the wrong guidance of the Soviet Union, and finally died of poverty and illness in a foreign country.
In the later period of the first revolutionary civil war, a right capitulationist line represented by Chen Duxiu was formed in the China * * * production party. 1923, Chen Duxiu put forward the theory of "second revolution", thinking that the democratic revolution in China can only be led by the bourgeoisie and establish a bourgeois republic; Only after the development of capitalism can the proletariat launch the second revolution and establish the proletarian regime.
Subjectively speaking, during the Great Revolution, China was still in the primary stage, and it was not possible to compare the practice of China Revolution with that of China Revolution.
Right deviation
The actual combination. Objectively speaking, * * * production international did not understand the actual situation of China revolution, and its wrong guidance was also an important reason for the right opportunism mistake. At this point, Chen Duxiu left the Central Committee where he worked hard for six years. Therefore, he was accused of "right capitulation".
This is a right-leaning mistake.
Left deviation refers to the tendency to pursue progress politically and sympathize with the working people. The "Left" deviation with quotation marks is a tendency to transcend objectivity and social reality in political thought, and to fall into fantasy, recklessness and adventure. Therefore, in order to express derogatory meaning, quotation marks are added to the left word, that is, the deviation of "left" is different from the real left. The "Left" thought shows that it is eager for success, subjectively exaggerates revolutionary forces, despises enemy forces and objective difficulties, and takes reckless and risky actions in revolution and construction; Or confuse two different contradictions within revolutionary organizations and adopt the policy of cruel struggle and ruthless attack; Or close the door on the issue of alliance and overthrow everything.
Three "Left" errors: Qu Qiubai's blind action (19271-kloc-0/928 April), Li's doctrine (1930 June to September), and Wang Ming's dogmatism (/kloc-)
Left: political revolution and progress, such as leftism and leftism;
Right: politically conservative and reactionary, such as right deviation and right deviation.
The distinction between left and right political factions began in France. During the French bourgeois revolution, when voting on an issue, people with different views sat on the left and right, while those sitting on the left held a radical and revolutionary attitude, while those sitting on the right held an opposing attitude.
Later, according to convention, left and right became the concept of distinguishing political positions, viewpoints and attitudes.
But "Left" is sometimes positive, indicating that there is a revolutionary tendency in thought; Sometimes it is derogatory, indicating that the thought is too left and divorced from reality, such as "left opportunism"
Why do you sometimes put quotation marks on the left, that is, "left"?
For example, this is what the "Left" mistake means. It looks radical and revolutionary. However, using this "left" thought to guide practice will not only fail to achieve the expected purpose, but even cause serious losses. For example, Wang Ming's left opportunist mistakes, the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution after the founding of the People's Republic of China were also "Left" mistakes.
Left deviation is radical adventurism and opportunism, while right deviation is conservatism and capitulationism. When opportunism first appeared, it was left-leaning, including left-leaning opportunism and right-leaning opportunism Left opportunism is also left adventurism. Right opportunism is also right capitulationism.
The so-called distinction between left and right is a product of history, representing different class interests. The term born in the bourgeois revolution was further extended by Marxism. Therefore, clarifying the left and right issues is related to where you stand.
In terms of influence and consequences, both "Left" and "Right" have brought great harm to the revolution and economic construction, causing incalculable losses. During the Great Revolution, the CPC Central Committee, represented by Chen Duxiu, made the mistake of right capitulationism, gave up the leadership of the revolution and the army, made blind concessions in the face of the actions of the Kuomintang Rightists that undermined state cooperation, and even faced the slaughter of the enemy, suppressed the revolutionary movement of workers and peasants, and finally ruined the national revolution. During the Agrarian Revolution, due to Wang Ming's "Left" opportunism mistake, a large number of Red Army officers and men in the base areas were killed, and the fifth counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression" failed, and they were forced to March for a long time, which almost ruined the future of the revolution. Fortunately, the Party Central Committee convened the Zunyi Meeting in time, which corrected the "Left" mistakes and saved the revolution.