The position and velocity of particles are measured by the light that shines on them, and some light waves are scattered by particles, thus indicating their positions. However, it is impossible for people to determine the position of particles in a smaller range than the distance between the two peaks of light, so in order to accurately determine the position of particles, short-wavelength light must be used.
But Planck's quantum hypothesis, people can't use any small amount of light: people should use at least one quantum of light. This quantum will disturb particles and change their speed in an unpredictable way.
So, to put it simply, if you want to determine the exact position of a quantum, you need to use the wave with the shortest wavelength as much as possible. In this case, the greater the disturbance to this quantum, the less accurate the velocity measurement; If you want to accurately measure the speed of a quantum, you have to use a wave with a long wavelength, so you can't accurately determine its position? .
Extended data
In quantum mechanics, common uncertainties are related to the uncertain relationships between coordinates and momentum and between time and energy. In fact, the exact values of any two noncommutative physical quantities cannot be determined at the same time. This has nothing to do with measurement, but the essence of the micro-world.
Don't try to explain uncertainty by measurement. Any measurement method will introduce new errors, but there are essential differences between errors and uncertainties. In addition, the phenomenon of uncertainty is unobservable in the macro world, which is related to the observable measurement accuracy, so it is only obvious in the micro world.
Baidu encyclopedia-uncertainty principle
Baidu Encyclopedia-Uncertainty