Marie Curie (Madame Curie, Pierre's wife) suffered the same trauma when moving a few centigrams of highly radioactive material in a small sealed test tube, even though the test tube was stored in a thin metal box.
In addition to these strong effects, when we experiment with highly radioactive products, our hands will also be affected in various ways; The general trend of hands is peeling. Taking capsules containing highly radioactive products.
Fingertips of sealed test tubes become stiff and sometimes painful: one of our fingertips became inflamed 15 days, resulting in peeling, but the pain did not completely disappear after two months. "
Henry Bekkerel put a glass tube containing radium in his vest pocket, and he was injured, but he didn't mean to! Surprised and angry, he ran to the Curies to tell the story of their terrible "child". He finally said:
"This radium, I love it, but I also blame it!"
..... Then he quickly wrote down his involuntary experimental results, and published them together with Pierre's observation in the collection of papers on June 3rd, 190 1.
Pierre was deeply moved by the amazing power of this ray, so he set out to study the role of radium in animals. He cooperated with two senior doctors bouchard and Baltashal. They soon became convinced that destroying diseased cells with radium could treat lupus tumors and some cancers. This treatment is called radiotherapy. Many French medical practitioners used this method to treat the above problems in the first few times and achieved results. The laser tolerant test tube they used was borrowed from Mary and pierre curie.
Mary later wrote: "Dr. Dou Lou of St. Louis Hospital studied the effect of radium on the skin." The effect of radium in this respect is encouraging; Part of the epidermis damaged by its function is sound when it grows back. "
Radium is useful-extremely useful! Pierre's nature is detached, and the impact of honor on him conflicts with his consistent principles; He hates grades and categories and thinks it is absurd to have "the head of a class" Moreover, in his view, medals for big people are as useless as medals for children at school. This attitude made him refuse to accept the cross. In the field of science, so is his attitude; He ignores the spirit of competition, and he never feels sad if his peers take the lead in the "discovery contest". He often said, "What does it matter if someone posts a job and I don't post it?" ……"
Paul Appel, president of the Paris Academy of Sciences, appreciated Mr. Curie's excellent work and knew that he needed laboratories and equipment very much. Before the government instructed him to name the person who should be awarded the medal of honor, he wrote to Curie asking him to allow his name to be included in the list. In order to persuade Madame Curie to accept this honor, I wrote to Madame Curie and asked her to persuade Mr. Curie to accept this proposal. But Mr. Dean didn't make a mistake. Pierre thought it was ridiculous. He refused to give a scientist what he needed for his work, but at the same time gave him a red ribbon with an enamel cross on it as an encouragement for "good grades". Pierre made the following answer to the dean:
"Please thank Mr. Minister for me and tell him that I don't think I need a medal at all. I think there is a great need for a laboratory. "
Anglo-Saxons are loyal to the people they worship. 1October, 1903, 165438+ A letter informed the Curie couple that the Royal Society of London had awarded them the highest prize of the society, the Medal of David, to show its weight.
Mary didn't feel well and let her husband go to the ceremony alone. Pierre brought back a heavy gold medal with their names engraved on it from England. He wants to find a place to put this medal in the house on Kellerman Street. He handled it so foolishly that he lost it and found it again ... Later, he had a brainwave and gave it to his daughter, Elon, a 6-year-old girl. She had never had such a happy day.
When his friends come to see him, scholars always show them the children playing with this toy.
He said, "Irene likes this new rich man very much!" " "This is his conclusion. One Sunday morning, the Curies made a surprising decision to give up the patent of radium refining technology. The topic begins with living expenses, research funds and the desire for laboratories.
Pierre said, "or we can pretend to be the owner and inventor of radium." If so, before you announce how you refine pitchblende, we must first obtain the patent license of this technology and determine our right to manufacture radium all over the world. "
In order to fulfill the responsibility of conscience, Pierre emphasized:
"I don't think this is a good idea either ... but I don't want us to make such a hasty decision. Our life is very difficult, and I'm afraid it will always be difficult. We have a daughter ... and there will be other children. For children, for us, this kind of patent represents a lot of money and wealth. With it, we can live a comfortable life and get rid of hard work ... "
He also smiled and mentioned the only thing he couldn't bear to give up:
"We can still have a good laboratory."
Mary thought for a few seconds and then said:
"We can't do this, it's against the scientific spirit."
"Physicists always publish all their research. Our discovery only had a business prospect by chance, and we couldn't profit from it. In addition, radium will be of great use in treating diseases ... I don't think it seems to make much money. "
She doesn't want to convince her husband at all. She knew that he only said he wanted to get a patent out of caution. What she said very firmly showed their feelings and their correct understanding of scholars' responsibilities.
In the silence, Pierre echoed Mary's words:
"We can't do this ... it's against the scientific spirit."
On Sunday morning, a quarter of an hour after this brief conversation, Pierre and Mary rode their beloved bicycles, walked out of the gate of the upper Tiyi fence, stepped on it quickly, and walked to the Woods in Kramer.
They made a permanent choice between poverty and wealth. That night, they came back tired, with green leaves and bouquets growing in the ground in their arms. After winning the Nobel Prize in Physics, the house on Kellerman Avenue where the Curies lived was like a fortress, which refused to be invaded by idlers: Pierre and Mary still lived a simple and isolated life in it. The worries about housework have been greatly reduced. A maid who does rough work undertakes all the heavy work. A handyman cooks and serves food; Looking at the hospitality of strange employers, she always opens her mouth in surprise and often waits for them to praise her barbecue or mashed potatoes.
One day, this simple woman couldn't help it. She stood in front of Pierre and asked him in a firm tone what he thought of the fried steak he had just eaten a lot, but his answer puzzled her.
The scholar murmured, "Did I eat fried steak?" Then he added placidly, "Maybe I ate it! ..... "1877, Pierre, who was only 18 years old, got his master's degree. 1882 was appointed as the laboratory director of the Paris Institute of Advanced Physical Chemistry. He has been teaching in this school for 22 years, and all the major achievements in his life have been made here.
The turning point of Madame Curie's life was his marriage to the Polish girl Marie Sk Rodovska. Mary was born in Warsaw, Poland, which was occupied by Russia at that time. 189 1 year, 24-year-old Mary came to Paris to study. She got two diplomas in mathematics and physics from Sorbonne University. Shortly before graduation, Mary met pierre curie, who is 8 years older than her. At this time, Curie was already a famous physicist.
1895, they got married and Mary became Madame Curie. After marriage, Madame Curie was a graduate student at Sorbonne University and has been doing research in her husband Pierre's laboratory. Curie also realized the importance of his wife's research, and he shifted his research from crystals to radioactive substances. 1898 In July, the Curies discovered a new element from several tons of asphalt ore. Its chemical properties are similar to those of lead, but its radioactivity is 400 times stronger than that of uranium. The Curies named this new element polonium to express their nostalgia for Madame Curie's native Poland. Shortly after the discovery of polonium, the Curies continued their research. In the same year, they got a small amount of white powder in February 65438. This white powder emits white light in the dark, so the Curies named it radium, which means "radiation" in Latin.
Due to his research achievements in radioactive materials, Pierre was appointed as a professor at the Faculty of Science of Paris University in 1900, and Madame Curie received her doctorate in 1903. In the same year that Madame Curie received her doctor's degree, the Curies and becquerel won the Nobel Prize in physics for discovering radioactivity.
1906, Pierre was unfortunately knocked down by a carriage and died. 19 1 1 year, Madame Curie won the Nobel Prize in chemistry again for discovering two new elements, polonium and radium. She is the only scientist in history who has won both the Nobel Prize in Physics and the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Madame Curie died in 1934. The cause of death was leukemia caused by long-term exposure to radioactive substances. The Curies not only made great scientific achievements themselves, but also created a "scientific dynasty".
The scientific tradition of the Curie family has lasted for four generations. The curies' eldest daughter Irene and son-in-law Frederic Joliot-Joliot-Curie are both engaged in radioactive research. 1935, they won the nobel prize in chemistry for their research on artificial radioactivity.
The third generation of the Curie family is also full of talents. Their grandson Pierre Iorio is a biophysicist, and their granddaughter Helen Iorio is a nuclear physicist.
The outstanding figure in the fourth generation of Curie family is Allen Aurio, who is a doctor of life science.
The first three generations of Curie family scientists are all important figures in the French scientific community. They were all elected academicians of the French Academy of Sciences: pierre curie 1905, Frederic Joliot-Curie 1942 and Pierre Iorio 1982.