The present situation, development characteristics and trends of wind power industry, as well as the policies, implementation characteristics and enlightenment of wind energy development and utilization in major wind energy developing countries in the world; Finally, based on the current development status of wind energy development industry in the world, it is considered that wind energy will be an ideal alternative energy source for human beings in 2 1 century.
Keywords: wind energy; Development status; Development policy
1 wind energy and its characteristics
Wind is a natural phenomenon. Because of different surfaces (such as oceans, forests, fields, mountains and deserts, etc. ) Exposure to sunlight during the day, absorption and release of heat at night, and differences in air heating (or release of heat) lead to air flow. Usually, people call what flows vertically up and down "airflow" and what flows horizontally "wind". Because air has a certain mass, it must have a certain amount of energy when it flows. This is wind energy. It can be measured by the following formula:
E= 1/2g ρAV3 (kg m/s)
Where: a-air circulation area (m? 2); V- wind speed (m/s); Rho-air density (kg/m? 3); G—— acceleration of gravity (m/s2). ?
If the above formula is measured by kW, it only needs to be multiplied by the conversion factor 1 102. ?
According to theoretical calculation, the total energy in the global atmosphere is 10 17kW, and it is renewable. It is estimated that the energy storage wind energy that can be developed and utilized is about 3.5× 10 12kW, which is at least 10 times more than the available water energy in the world [1]. ?
As a natural gas energy, wind energy has the following characteristics compared with other energy sources, especially mineral energy sources:
(1) is rich in reserves. As we all know, compared with conventional energy, water energy is huge, but it is more than 10 times of global water energy. China's land-based wind energy resources are about 1.6× 109kW. [ 1]
(2) It can be regenerated and will never be exhausted. Wind energy is a variant of solar energy. As long as the sun and the earth exist, there will be wind energy, which is inexhaustible and renewable. ?
(3) clean and pollution-free, and can be developed and utilized everywhere. The massive consumption of coal, oil and natural gas and the massive construction of nuclear power plants will cause great pollution and damage to human living environment and endanger human health, while the development of wind energy does not have these disadvantages. The more wind energy is developed and utilized, the less floating dust and dust will be in the air. In addition, there are no mining and transportation problems in the development of wind energy, and wind power stations can be established anywhere (seaside, plain or mountainous area) for local development and utilization. Even long-distance transportation is through the power grid, which is relatively simple and will not cause pollution and environmental problems. ?
(4) Random statistics. Wind energy is random in a microscopic short time, large and small, left and right, which determines the uncontrollable characteristics of wind energy; However, in the long run, wind energy still has certain statistical characteristics, which can be predicted and utilized to a certain extent.