Ecological environment destruction in China.

First, species extinction. China is one of the countries with the richest biodiversity in the world. The species of higher plants and wild animals account for about 10% of the world, and there are about 200 endemic genera under basic protection. However, environmental pollution and biological destruction have led to the destruction of animal and plant habitats, the number of species has dropped sharply, and some species have become extinct. According to statistics, about 4600 species of higher plants are endangered or threatened in China, accounting for 15% of higher plants. In the past 50 years, about 200 species of higher plants have become extinct, with an average of 4 species extinct every year. About 400 species of wild animals are endangered or threatened. In recent years, illegal hunting, trading, reselling and eating wild animals have been repeatedly prohibited. Cases such as illegal sale of rhinoceros horn in Wuchuan City, Guangdong Province, and taking gall from live bears in Zhuhai have caused bad influence internationally.

Second, vegetation destruction. Forest is an important pillar of ecosystem. A benign ecosystem only needs 13.9% forest coverage. Although large-scale afforestation activities have been carried out since the founding of the People's Republic of China, forest destruction is still very serious, especially the volume of mature forests and over-mature forests available for logging has been greatly reduced. At the same time, it occupies a lot of forest land, with an annual average of1984 ~199/kloc-0 of 8.37 million mu, showing an upward trend year by year, which largely offsets the effect of afforestation. Grassland is facing serious degradation, desertification and alkalization, which aggravates soil erosion and sandstorm hazards.

Third, land degradation. China is a country with serious land desertification in the world. In the past decade, land desertification has developed rapidly. In 1950s and 1970s, the average desertification area was 1.56 square kilometers, and it was expanded to 2 1 square kilometers in 1970s and 1980s, with a total area of 20. 1 square kilometers. Over the past 40 years, more than 500,000 square kilometers have been preliminarily treated, and the current soil erosion area has reached 6,543,800 square kilometers. The problem of farmland degradation in China is also very prominent. For example, in the fertile northern wilderness area, the soil organic matter decreased from 5% ~ 8% to 1% ~ 2% (the ideal value should not be lower than 3%). At the same time, due to the imbalance of agricultural ecosystem, about 2 million mu of cultivated land in China is damaged by disasters every year. Ten environmental disasters threaten mankind.

disaster

First of all, the soil has been destroyed.

According to the reference news, the fertility of cultivated land in 1 10 country (*** 10 billion people) is decreasing. In Africa, Asia and Latin America, soil erosion is very serious due to the disappearance of forest vegetation, over-exploitation of cultivated land and over-grazing of pasture. The bare land becomes fragile and cannot resist the long-term wind and rain erosion. In some places, the annual soil loss can reach per hectare 100 tons. The overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, the falling of toxic dust related to air pollution, the spraying of mud everywhere, and the dumping of dangerous wastes everywhere all constitute irreversible pollution to the land.

2. The greenhouse effect of climate change and energy waste is a serious threat to all mankind.

According to the prediction of 2,500 representative experts, the sea level will rise, and many densely populated areas (such as Bangladeshi, China coastal areas and most islands in the Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean) will be submerged. Rising temperatures will also have a serious impact on agriculture and ecosystems. It is predicted that in 1990-20 10, the energy consumption in the Asia-Pacific region will double and that in Latin America will increase by 50%-70%. Therefore, the process of energy-saving technology transfer between the west and developing countries should be strengthened. In particular, we should use economic incentives to enable industrialists to develop technology to improve the utilization efficiency of industrial resources.

Third, biodiversity is decreasing.

Due to urbanization, agricultural development, forest reduction and environmental pollution, the natural area has become smaller and smaller, leading to the extinction of thousands of species. Because the extinction of some species will lead to the disappearance of many molecules that can be used to make new drugs, and also lead to the disappearance of many genes that can help crops overcome bad weather, and even lead to plague.

Fourth, the reduction of forest area.

In recent decades, the forest area in tropical countries has also been seriously reduced. In 1980- 1990,1500,000 hectares of forest disappeared in the world. At the current rate of forest area reduction, 40 years later, some Southeast Asian countries will never see a tree again.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) Fresh water resources are threatened.

According to experts' estimation, from the beginning of the next century, a quarter of the world will be short of water for a long time. Please remember that we can't make water, we can only try to protect it.

Six, chemical pollution

Millions of compounds brought by industry exist in air, soil, water, plants, animals and human body. Even the ice sheet, the last large natural ecosystem on earth, has been polluted. Those organic compounds, heavy metals and toxic products are concentrated in the whole food chain, which will eventually threaten the health of animals and plants, lead to cancer and weaken soil fertility.

Seven, chaotic urbanization

By the end of this century, there will be 2 1 big cities in the world, and the living conditions of big cities will further deteriorate: congestion, water pollution, poor sanitation and insecurity-the disorderly expansion of these big cities has also destroyed natural areas. Therefore, unrestricted urbanization should be regarded as a new drawback of civilization.

Eight. Overexploitation of the ocean and pollution in coastal areas

Due to overfishing, marine fishery resources are decreasing at an alarming rate. As a result, many poor people who depend on protein for their livelihood are facing the threat of hunger. The rich heavy metals and organophosphorus compounds in fish may bring serious problems to the health of fish eaters. The coastal areas are under great population pressure. 60% of the world's population is crowded in places less than 100 km from the sea. This crowded population makes these usually fragile places out of balance.

Nine, air pollution

The air in most big cities contains many pollutants from heating, transportation and factory production. These pollutants threaten the health of tens of millions of citizens and cause many deaths.

X. polar ozone hole

Although people have signed the Montreal Protocol, an ozone hole still forms over the earth's poles every spring. The ozone layer in the Arctic is lost by 20% to 30%, and the ozone layer in the Antarctic is lost by more than 50%.

Environmental protection anniversary

International Wetlands Day

February 2nd is International Wetlands Day. According to the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat signed by 197 1 in Ramsar, Iran, wetlands refer to "permanent or temporary swamps, peatlands or static or flowing waters, or fresh water, brackish water or saline water bodies, including water bodies less than 6m at low tide". Wetlands play an important role in protecting biodiversity, especially the survival and migration of birds.

World Water Day

1993 65438+1October 18, the 47th UN General Assembly made a resolution to designate March 22nd as World Water Day every year. The resolution invites governments to carry out some specific activities on this day according to their national conditions to raise public awareness. Starting from 1994, the China Municipal Government changed the time of "China Water Week" to March 22 -28 every year, so as to highlight the theme of "World Water Day" in the publicity activities.

World Meteorological Day

1960, the World Meteorological Organization designated March 23rd as "World Meteorological Day" to arouse public attention to meteorological issues.

The World Earth Day

1969 senator Gaylord Nelson of Wisconsin proposed to hold a lecture on environmental protection in American universities. Soon, dennis hayes, a student of Harvard Law School in the United States, extended Nelson's proposal to hold large-scale community environmental protection activities in the United States and selected1April 22, 970 as the first "Earth Day". On that day, more than 20 million people in the United States, including members of Congress and people from all walks of life, took part in this grand environmental protection activity. Throughout the country, people shouted slogans of environmental protection, marched, assembled, made speeches and publicized in the streets and on campus. Subsequently, the influence expanded and surpassed the national boundaries of the United States, and received positive responses from many countries in the world, eventually forming a worldwide environmental protection movement. April 22nd is also becoming a global "Earth Day". On this day every year, various forms of mass environmental protection activities are carried out all over the world.

World No Tobacco Day

1987 The World Health Organization designated May 3 1 as "World No Tobacco Day" to remind people of the harm of cigarettes to human health.

World Environment Day

In the 1960s and 1970s, with the deepening of environmental protection movements in various countries, environmental problems became major social problems, and some environmental problems that crossed national boundaries frequently appeared, and environmental problems and environmental protection gradually entered the life of the international community. 1972 From June 5th to June 6th, 16, the United Nations held a conference on human environment in Stockholm. Government representatives and non-governmental people from 1 13 countries jointly discussed the contemporary environmental problems in the world and the strategies for protecting the global environment, and formulated the "action plan" for protecting the global environment proposed in the Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment and article 109. Seven * * * identical viewpoints and 26 * * * identical principles were put forward to inspire and guide people all over the world to maintain and improve the human environment, and it was suggested that the opening day of this conference should be "World Environment Day". 1972 10 10 In October, the 27th United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution to designate June 5th as "World Environment Day". According to the major environmental problems and hot spots in the world, the United Nations formulates the theme of "World Environment Day" every year. Every year, the United Nations system and governments around the world carry out various activities on this day to publicize the importance of protecting and improving the human environment. At the same time, the United Nations Environment Programme issued an annual report on the state of the environment and held an international conference to commend the "top 500 in the world".

World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought

Since the increasingly serious global desertification is threatening human survival, from 1995, June 17 every year has been designated as "World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought".

world population day

1July 987 1 1 marked by the birth of a Yugoslav baby, the world population exceeded 5 billion. 1990, the United Nations designated July 1 1 every year as World Population Day.

International ozone layer protection day

1987 September 16, 46 countries signed the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer in Montreal, Canada, and began to take concrete actions to protect the ozone layer. The United Nations set up this memorial day to arouse people's awareness of protecting the ozone layer and take concerted action to protect the earth's environment and human health.

World Animal Day

Italian missionary St.? Francis advocated "Thanks to the animals that give love to human beings" on 100 years ago. In order to commemorate him, people designated 65438+10.4 as "World Animal Day".

World food day

With the rapid growth of population, food in the world is becoming more and more scarce. From the year of 198 1, the two dates of 10 and 16 are designated as "World Food Day" every year.

international day for biological diversity

The Convention on Biological Diversity entered into force on February 29th, 1993. In order to commemorate this significant day, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution to designate the annual International Biodiversity Day as 1995.

Coordinated development of natural economy and society

The deterioration of the earth's environment has aroused widespread concern, so environmental protection has attracted more and more attention from all countries. However, due to the conflict between environmental protection and economic development and social problems to a certain extent, the understanding of the concept of environmental protection has become increasingly novel and reasonable this year.

Environmental protection is to protect the living environment of human beings from pollution and destruction by taking administrative, legal, economic, scientific and technological measures. We should also protect and improve the environment according to human wishes, make it more suitable for human labor and life and the survival of natural creatures, and eliminate the unfavorable factors that destroy the environment and endanger human life and survival. The problems to be solved in environmental protection generally include two aspects: one is to protect and improve environmental quality, protect human physical and mental health, and prevent organisms from mutating and degrading under the influence of the environment; The second is to make rational use of natural resources, reduce or eliminate harmful substances from entering the environment, and protect the restoration and expanded reproduction of natural resources (including biological resources) in order to facilitate human life activities.

Of course, environmental protection must also consider economic growth and social development. Only the coordinated development of the two is the new concept of environmental protection in the new era.

The quality of environmental protection is directly related to the stability of the country, and it is of great significance to protect the reproduction of social labor from destruction.

With the deepening of human understanding of the environment, the view that the environment is a resource is more and more accepted by people. Air, water, soil, mineral resources, etc. It is the natural wealth of society, the material basis for developing production and the constituent elements of productive forces. Due to serious air pollution, canned air is sold abroad; Water shortage occurs in many parts of the world due to water pollution, climate change and over-pumping of groundwater. Due to the rapid increase of population, the abuse of cultivated land, land desertification, land shortage and so on. It can be seen that failure to protect the environment and environmental resources will threaten the survival of human society and also affect the sustainable development of the national economy.

At the beginning of this century, industrialized countries only paid attention to economic development, neglected environmental protection and sought economic development at the expense of the environment. When pollution became a public hazard, aroused strong opposition from the broad masses of the people and affected the smooth development of the economy, it was forced to control it and paid a high price. Later people call it the development road of "pollution first and then treatment" This development model will not only slow down the development of national economy, but even destroy the material foundation of national economic development. On the other hand, if human beings do not act according to the laws of environmental science and wantonly destroy the ecological environment, they will inevitably be retaliated by the environment. Statistics show that the forest coverage rate of 1950 in Yunnan province is 50%, and it suffered a serious flood and drought disaster in 9 years on average. Due to deforestation and other destruction, the forest coverage rate is only 24.9% to 1980, which affects the regulation of climate. During 1950 ~ 1980, there were 1 1 disasters, which seriously damaged agricultural production. This is the revenge of the environment on mankind.

Environmental protection, economic construction and social development must develop in harmony, which is the experience summarized by human beings from the lessons of economic development. If the relationship between the three is unbalanced, it will inevitably lead to ecological destruction and environmental pollution, and the losses and impacts will be very large, even incalculable. If the damaged environment can be restored, it will take a long time and cost, or it will not be restored at all. As a result, it will seriously affect or even hinder economic construction and cause a series of problems in social development.

The theme of World Environment Day over the years is determined by the United Nations Environment Programme.

1974 There is only one earth, and human beings live in 1975.

Water: an important source of life.

1977 pay attention to ozone layer destruction, soil erosion, soil degradation and deforestation.

1978 undamaged development 1979 children and the future-undamaged development

1980 new 10 year, new challenge-non-destructive development198/kloc-0 year groundwater and human food chain protection: prevention and treatment of toxic chemical pollution.

1982 Commemorating the Stockholm Conference on Human Environment 10 Anniversary-Raising Environmental Awareness 1983 Management and Disposal of Hazardous Wastes: Preventing Acid Rain and Improving Energy Efficiency.

1984 desertification 1985 youth, population and environment

1986 environment and peace 1987 environment and residence

1988 environmental protection, sustainable development, public participation 1989 vigilance, global warming!

1990 children and the environment 199 1 climate change needs global cooperation.

1992 there is only one earth-1993 care about and enjoy poverty and resources-and get rid of the vicious circle.

1994 One Earth, One Family 1995 People of all countries unite to create a better world.

1996 our earth, home and home 1997 is for life on earth.

1998 for life on earth-save our oceans 1999 Saving the earth means saving the future.

2000, 2000, Environmental Millennium-Let's act. 200 1, the web of life of all things in the world.

The year 2002 made the earth full of vitality.

In 2003, water was the key to the lives of 2 billion people.

It is everyone's responsibility to protect the ocean in 2004.

Green? Environmental protection? consume

green food

Different from some natural food and health food, green food takes environmental protection, safety and nutrition as its primary concept. First, the origin of products or raw materials must meet the eco-environmental standards of green food; Second, crop planting, livestock and poultry breeding, aquaculture and food processing must conform to the production and operation procedures of green food; Third, products must meet the quality and hygiene standards of green food.

Since 1989, the "pollution-free food" put forward by the Department of Agriculture Reclamation of the Ministry of Agriculture, the management, development and production of green food in China have made great progress. More than 30 provinces (cities, districts) have set up green food offices and 9 food environmental monitoring institutions, initially forming a nationwide food management and monitoring network. So far, 450 enterprises in China have developed more than 820 kinds of green food labeling products.

Green trade

With the enhancement of environmental awareness and the improvement of quality of life, green consumption is on the rise. According to the survey, the total green consumption has reached $250 billion, and the international green trade will increase at the rate of 12- 15% in the future. 47% of Europeans prefer to buy green food, among which 67% of Dutch and 80% of Germans will consider environmental factors when buying. Because of this, the competition of enterprises is not only the competition of product performance, service quality and promotion means, but also the competition of environmental protection. Since 1980s, more and more countries have adopted environmental standards to prevent "over-standard" products from entering their own markets. Environmental standards have become "green trade barriers".

Green management

Green management is to integrate the concept of environmental protection into enterprise management. The selection of raw materials and production technology should meet environmental protection standards, and the recycling of waste is also its pursuit goal. The recycling rate of waste film in Fuji Company reached 100%. Toshiba, Nissan and Nippon Electric Power Co., Ltd. jointly invested $25 million to set up an environmental fund. The implementation of green management not only increases the necessary investment in environmental protection for enterprises, but also brings considerable economic and trade benefits to enterprises.

Definition of environmental protection

Environmental protection means that human beings consciously protect natural resources, make rational use of natural resources, and prevent the natural environment from being polluted and destroyed; It is necessary to comprehensively control the polluted and destroyed environment and create an environment suitable for human life and work. Environmental protection refers to various actions taken by human beings to solve real or potential environmental problems, coordinate the relationship between human beings and the environment, and ensure the sustainable development of economy and society. Its methods and means include engineering technology, administration, law, economy, publicity and education, etc.

Washing rice and vegetables in the 1950s,

Laundry irrigation in the 1960s,

The water quality deteriorated in the 1970s,

In the 1980s, fish and shrimp were unparalleled.

I didn't wash toilet seats in the 1990s.

Pollution and new uses

Lao Hei is the new director of a township-run enterprise. This factory is an ink factory. After three years of tossing, I didn't fart. People in the ink factory have no pockets as long as they wear work clothes. It's no use saying it's a decoration. When I take the money I earned in January, I will give it to my wife in full while it is hot. Lao hei is really capable. After three months in office, he made money and showed his face. His brother and sister sang walked to and from work, and Lao Hei became a celebrity in the town.

As a result, more people came to learn from the scriptures. Big, old and black are very modest. They don't talk about grades, only about excellent forms, only about difficulties, and they have a deep vision. How strange it is that tabloid reporters are patient, annoying and stubborn, observing, digging around and making rules. Next door to the ink factory is the paper mill, which is a big polluter. The discharged sewage is bottled on the spot, without dye, and written in print to primary school students, which is as black as it is, economical and practical, and does not lose a penny. If you don't pad the seller, you can only make money without losing money. Can you not make a lot of money? The countryman really took the big old black as a loss. Why didn't others think of it? A few days later, there was another ink factory in the town. The director of the new factory is a tabloid reporter.