Introduction: Introduce the ideas of books. It is usually the first chapter of a book, which summarizes the meaning of the book. The introduction will talk about some basic concepts of this course, as well as the method and practicability of this course, the focus and prospect of this course.
General: the part written in front of a book or an article, similar to a preface or introduction, as an overview or feeling of the book, and also refers to the opening remarks of a symposium, seminar and symposium. Also known as preface, preface or general introduction, it is often used as the beginning of scientific and technological papers to put forward the problems to be studied in the paper and guide readers to read and understand the full text.
Question 2: What is the book General Theory of Chinese Characters? What is a general theory? Still looking for 10 score
Question 3: What does "communication theory" mean? 20 points should be connected with the old, which was said by the ancients and gradually recognized by the academic circles in modern times. The so-called communication is not a simple comparison of concepts, nor is it the continuous inheritance of schools, but the logical process of human thinking and the display of its ideological significance. From this point of view, we compare Yi Zhuan and Lao Zi, and it is not difficult to find that there is an internal correspondence between them. Of course, Yi Zhuan also absorbed the thoughts of Confucianism, Yin and Yang, and Huang's hometown, but from the perspective of the thinking structure and presentation of Yi Zhuan, the relationship between Yi Zhuan and Lao Zhuan is obviously more prominent and remarkable.
I. Universe Schema: Daoism and Facilitation
It is generally believed that the highest concept in Zhouyi is "Tai Chi", but this is not exact or misunderstood. The highest concept of Zhouyi is not Taiji, but Yi. This is just as the highest concept in Laozi is not "one" but "Tao". As the highest concept in Zhouyi, "Yi" seems to be born out of "Tao" in Laozi. Therefore, like Tao, it is both an ontological category and a category of cosmogenesis.
(A) as the category of philosophical ontology "Tao" and "Yi"
What is "Yi"? Cohesion says: "Yi has no thought, no action, no movement, and a sense of the world." If you don't think, you will be unconscious. Do nothing, and it will be fine. If you become silent, you will feel moved. He also said: "It is easy to adapt to the world, so I can understand the world." "Quasi", Zhu Yufan luck, unchanged. The silk book Cohesion is Shun, which is superior to popular books. The so-called "the sum of heaven and earth" is the harmony between heaven and earth, so it can accommodate the world and the universe. It can be seen that "Yi" is similar to "Tao" in Laozi. Laozi brought heaven, earth and man into the overall category of "Tao", thus giving a brand-new explanation to the expression of Tao from different angles and levels, and a philosophical ontology constructed by theoretical thinking appeared for the first time. "Yi" is like "Tao". It is well-informed, "taking the way of the world" and should cover the "three-pole way" Therefore, "cohesion" says that it "has the way of heaven, humanity and authenticity" So, what is the relationship between heaven and earth and Yi? Cohesion says, "Gan Kun, what's wrong with it? Gankun is easy to stand, but it is not easy to see if it is destroyed, and it is almost invisible if it is invisible. It is what the metaphysical refers to, and what the metaphysical refers to. " Gankun is heaven and earth. Heaven and earth are easy, and they are * * * long. It is worth noting its conclusion. This conclusion clearly tells us that heaven and earth are concrete things, physical objects and devices; "Yi" is abstract, metaphysical and Taoist. As Laozi said, "things are rare and precious, and they are born naturally." Lonely and lonely, independent and unchanging, walking around without danger, but the mother of heaven and earth doesn't know its name, and the word yue. "(Chapter 25)
What needs to be emphasized is that Laozi put forward the categories of "Jane" and "Qi" in his philosophical ontology. Laozi said, "Tao is often nameless and simple." Chapter 32 also says: "Simple dispersion is a device." (Chapter 28) As a primitive and unfixed form, the ultimate source of "Gone with the Wind" is the universal matter of the universe, not itself. But the concrete tools in any shape are evolved from this material, and there is no tool without simplicity. At the same time, various specific musical instruments have to "return to nature" in the movement changes. It can be seen that the theory of simple utensils in Laozi is essentially to clarify the relationship between Tao and utensils, but the discussion is still not comprehensive. The author of Cohesion obviously inherited and developed the idea of Laozi, and summarized it as "the metaphysical refers to the Tao, and the metaphysical refers to the device" and made it paradigm. Since then, Tao and apparatus have become a pair of extremely important and crucial categories in China's philosophy.
As ontological categories, "Tao" and "Yi" have many qualitative and prescriptive features, the most important of which is:
First, the unity of being and not being.
The philosophical category of inaction was first put forward by Laozi. In order to explore the essence of Tao as the "Austria of all things" and reveal its difference and connection with the world, Lao Tzu used this pair of categories. Tao is "nothing" relative to concrete existence; Compared with nothingness, it is "being" and the unity of being and nothing. The existence of Tao is different from the existence of specific things. The former is intangible ("intangible") and tangible ("intangible image"), while the latter is tangible and tangible. For intangible and intangible things, people can't directly perceive them with their senses, but can only grasp them through intuitive thinking and rational speculation. Therefore, Tao, as the unity of being and not being, is the dialectical unity of intuitive thinking, not the concrete unity of sensibility. This is Laozi's philosophical proof of Tao. Let's take a look at Yi again >>
Question 4: The General Theory of Modern Chinese illustrates what a group of sentences with the same or similar whole sentence structure is called. For example:
He came to congratulate his family on their wedding. He comforted the poor family. Whose house leaks, he will check it in the rainy season. He visits anyone who has a patient. (The love and hate of Hua Guan in Guajiatun)
A true warrior dares to face the bleak life and the dripping blood. (Lu Xun's "Recalling Liu Hezhen Jun")
(3) The grass on the wall is windy and sexual, sooner or later; Make a U-turn, change your tone, change your door, and look innocent.
Example (1) is a parallelism composed of four complex sentences. With this neat sentence pattern, the author enthusiastically praised Comrade Peng's deep proletarian feelings of loving the people and caring for their lives. (2) With two clauses with the same number of predicates, it not only shows Mr. Lu Xun's anger under the white terror, but also expresses his incomparable admiration for Liu Hezhen. The clauses in Example 3 have the same number of words, similar structure, harmonious and pleasant voice, detailed and profound meaning, and the faces of political speculators are vividly on the paper.
Question 5: The difference between general philosophy and concise general philosophy. What is the reference book of general philosophy?
The general theory of philosophy is general philosophy, and a book is a system with its own logic. The history of philosophy is written in historical order. As far as exams are concerned, the history of philosophy is actually more important.
In many postgraduate entrance examinations, the general theory of philosophy is a combination of several philosophical histories, usually China's philosophy, western philosophy and Marx.
Question 6: Do beginners need to read The Wealth of Nations and The General Theory of Money? Actually, it doesn't matter what books you read. Many books may be useless if you read too many now. It mainly depends on which major you are going to study economics. After all, there are still many majors in economics, and each major has its own differences. Books like The Wealth of Nations, as well as some books that are too professional, will be very difficult to read now, mainly because they don't have relevant professional knowledge and social experience. It will be more rewarding to read them after entering school (usually around junior year). I suggest that you can choose one of the two books mentioned above and look at its English version to enter the English-based learning state in advance. Of the two books, I think the old one is better, and of course it is better to buy the latest one.
In addition, the book on financial investment recommends that you take a look at Bodie's Investment (6th edition), which is available in both Chinese and English. This book is an authoritative textbook in the field of investment. The seventh edition has been published abroad this year, and it is said that the eighth edition will be published in early 2009. At present, only the sixth edition in 2005 has been introduced in China, and the content will not lag behind at present, but the examples cited in the book will be older.
For accounting advice, please read stickney's Financial Accounting: Concept, Method and Application (version 10), which will be helpful to understand the accounting system and practice abroad.
The Chinese versions of the above textbooks are all from Machinery Industry Press, and they are sold at a discount in online bookstores such as Dangdang. If you can buy the English version, it is recommended to read the English version.
Finally, for friends majoring in economics, especially finance, if they have time, they can read more history books, such as The Rise and Fall of Ancient Rome, in which many historical stories hide many economic principles and contents. It is difficult for people who don't know history to learn economics well.
Question 7: What is Freud's general theory of dreams and neurosis? Interpretation of Dreams is the most influential psychological classic of mankind, which lays the theoretical foundation and research method of psychoanalysis. Freud explained his three findings in The Analysis of Dreams: dreams are the disguised satisfaction of subconscious desires and childhood desires; Oedipus complex is a universal psychological complex of human beings. Children have * * * consciousness and motivation. The following are the main points of dream interpretation.
(A) dream analysis method
1) The whole study of dreams includes:
1, the motivation of dreams: dreams are the satisfaction of desires, and people have hopes that cannot be realized in reality, so they are pinned on dreams.
2. Theme and source of dreams: important factual experiences and spiritual experiences.
3. The working process of dreams: condensation; Relocation; Assemble.
2) dream analysis method: divide the dream, infer the meaning it represents from every detail, and then summarize the meaning of the shape * * *, so as to get the true intention of the dreamer.
3) The technical processing method of dream analysis.
Symbolism: regard the content of dreams as a whole, and seek something that is understandable and similar to the original content in some ways to replace it. But this method is difficult to explain when it comes to incomprehensible and chaotic things.
B decoding method: treat dreams as a cryptographic system. Everything in the dream is a substitute for something in reality, and every action in the dream corresponds to the expected action in the dream. Freud emphasized the idea of "dividing details in the process of dreams".
(B) the subconscious theory of psychological structure
1) Freud's three-dimensional psychological structure diagram
Consciousness level
B Subconscious layer: Subconscious or unconscious (composed of all kinds of repressed or forgotten emotions, desires and motives, which have lost contact with normal communication systems and language rules and are almost impossible to enter human consciousness and rationality); Pre-consciousness (the intermediary level between consciousness and subconscious, and the psychological content can be changed from subconscious state to conscious state under certain conditions)
2) Freud believes that the mental life picture centered on rational consciousness is self-deception, and the basic part and strength of psychology comes from the little-known subconscious field. The psychological process is mainly subconscious, and the psychological process of consciousness is only a separate part and action of the whole mind. Subconscious is not only a psychological process, but also a spiritual field, with its own desire, impulse, expression and operation mechanism. It manipulates and dominates people's thoughts and behaviors like an invisible hand, and any place where consciousness works is secretly entangled by the subconscious.
The purpose and achievement of psychoanalysis is only to discover the subconscious. Understanding the subconscious psychological process is a decisive step in the new view of human beings and science.
(C) the instinctive theory of psychological motivation
1) Freud regarded instinct as the basic psychological motivation of human beings, and thought that sexual instinct was the most important and active factor among all instincts. Sexual impulse, in broad sense and narrow sense, is an important cause of mental illness. More importantly, people think that these sexual impulses have made great contributions to the highest cultural, artistic and social achievements of the human mind. Sexual instinct has become a key for psychoanalytic psychology to understand human activities.
2) Five important branches of Freudian psychoanalysis.
A dream psychology: dreams are subconsciously explained, and dreams are the satisfaction of instinctive desires. Dream analysis is considered as an important way to understand and approach people's subconscious.
B. Neglect psychology: Any contingency is dominated by inevitability. Human error is the manifestation of the conflict between subconscious motivation and conscious control, and it is the unconscious exposure of the subconscious.
C. abnormal psychology: abnormal psychology is an unconventional psychology of seeking satisfaction due to external and internal setbacks and the deprivation of sexual instinct. It is an abnormal expression of subconscious desire, an abnormal use of desire and a substitute for desire satisfaction. Most of the abnormal psychology is the retrogression of early infant sexual satisfaction, such as masochism and sadism, narcissism, homosexuality, fetishism and voyeurism.
personality psychology
A id: Primitive life instinct, called "lust", acts according to "hedonism principle", without moral right or wrong and time and space restrictions, and recklessly seeks the greatest satisfaction of instinctive needs and the complete elimination of psychological * * *.
B ego: it is different from the irrational id and represents the rational conscious part of personality, which is the code of conduct of "realism". Adjust the relationship between the id and the outside world according to the realistic conditions and objective environment, and meet the needs of the id without causing greater pain.
C superego: the moralized self, representing the moral requirements and behavior standards recognized by parents or society in childhood, is self-justified ...
Question 8: What is the populist literary view? The basic meaning of populism is its extreme populist tendency, that is, it emphasizes the values and ideals of ordinary people extremely, and takes populism and popularization as the ultimate source of the legitimacy of all political movements and political systems, so as to judge the development of social history.
As far as modern and contemporary literature is concerned, Lao She's works tend to be populist, such as Four Generations under One roof.
The populist ideological orientation of Lao She's creation is mainly manifested in criticizing and resisting capitalist material civilization and moral concepts, maintaining folk and mass values, and reflecting on modern education and knowledge crisis. If you want to know more about populism, you can try to search some of Lao She's populist papers. Maybe it will help?
Question 9: What does capitalism mean? The author of the game bible said; * * * materialism is an illusion that Marx had when he was in poverty and despair. In order to get rid of poverty, anyone will construct a set of cultural concepts of plunder, division and production.
The author of the game bible quietly revealed; Doctrine is a personal opinion.
Ten classic works of economics in the world
1, Adam Smith (UK), The Wealth of Nations. Smith's works are the foundation works of modern economics and the greatest works of economics. His theory of labor value, division of labor and specialization is the source of economic efficiency. The real economic characteristics of "invisible hand" and the theory of natural liberalism inspired future generations to play real economics, and their contribution to economics is comparable to Newton's contribution to physics.
2. Cao (Singapore) The Game Bible. He founded the theory of national integrity, the win-win theory of national integrity and theory of particle behavior, which is recognized by Singaporeans as a high-level academic work in economics and has influenced the intangible culture of mankind. His theory of particle gene mapping equilibrium and unilateral dominant game winning has aroused great concern in the world political, economic, military, diplomatic, scientific, natural philosophy and game theory circles.
3. Principles of Political Economy and Taxation in david ricardo (UK) (Volume I). Ricardo is a successful speculator in London Stock Exchange, and he can make immortal contributions in the field of economic theory. The theory of comparative advantage expounded in this book is the theoretical basis of modern free trade policy.
4. Marx (Germany) Das Kapital. Everyone is familiar with Marx's surplus value theory. He was selected as the most important economic work because he outlined the great power of economic phenomena to change the world.
5. Walras's Essentials of Pure Economics. The main value (utility) theory of modern economics, marginal revolution and mathematical turn of economics are all systematized through this book, which Schumpeter once praised as the highest achievement of economics.
6. Fisher's interest theory. This book is by far the greatest study of capital theory. Where Marx found the surplus value, he saw the reward of giving up the current consumption and taking the uncertain risks in the future.
7. Keynes (UK) General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. Known as the founder of macroeconomics, his most important theory is that rationality will naturally produce social rationality through the free competition between individual nature and nature, which has been questioned and criticized. The main reason for its controversy is that rationality from society lacks the theory of game entity politics when it encounters state political intervention.
8. Marshall (UK) Principles of Economics. Marshall's most important work is Principles of Economics published in 1890, which is recognized by western economists as an epoch-making work and the greatest economic work after The Wealth of Nations. The economic theory expounded in this book has always occupied a dominant position in western economics.
9. Samuelson (USA) Economics. Choose a textbook as the most important economic work, and it is also the one with the largest circulation. It has contributed more to the standardization and systematization of economic knowledge than anyone in the contemporary era, so it is chosen as the most important economic work.
10, the calculation agreed by Buchanan (USA). The theory of "public choice" initiated by this book enables the democratic system to make quantitative analysis and calculation with mathematical tools. People use his theory to study the formation of political and economic systems and open up a new road.
Source: Mei Wen. American Information Network-Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Classic quotes of game bible writers;
In this world,
No theory can accurately describe all phenomena in the universe.
No theory can last long in society,
No theory is completely correct.
Excerpted from the article "Socialism with Chinese characteristics is the theory of China's unfinished business in modern times"
Classic sentences of biblical authors in game theory
Classic quotes of game bible writers; Stock experts talk about stock trading, which is actually a rumor.
Classic quotes of game bible writers; In the application of game theory, people are not as good as mice. When people are looking for a delicious soybean, mice had better choose the shortest distance.
Classic quotes of game bible writers; Internet is the stage of "doing business" in the world.
Classic quotes of game bible writers; The stock market is not a real economy, nor a virtual economy, nor a financial economy, but an absurd economic theology.
Classic quotes of game bible writers; Economy is the entropy that continuously distinguishes 0, 1, 2 three-dimensional states.
Classic quotes of game bible writers; Machinery >>
Question 10: What is the general theory of ethnology? This paper mainly introduces the basic knowledge of ethnology (cultural anthropology) comprehensively and systematically, including the nature of the discipline, the basic framework of the discipline, the phenomena and essence of nationalities and cultures, the basic methods of ethnology research, and various viewpoints and schools of ethnology research. At the same time, it also conveys the basic ideas of ethnology, so that students can master the basic knowledge of the subject, especially the understanding of nationality and culture, so as to preliminarily master the basic research methods and applications of ethnology. Among them, the general theory of ethnic studies reflects ethnic theories and policies that have certain theoretical guiding significance for ethnic studies. This paper mainly introduces the national entity and its related theories, national process, national consciousness, national issues and other basic theories. At the same time, it also introduces the evolution of China's ethnic policies and the basic models of ethnic policies in the world, focusing on China's program and policy system for solving ethnic problems. Enable students to master the basic principles of ethnic theory and understand the basic system and major policies of China's ethnic policy. Among them, investigation and statistics is the most important way to construct ethnology theory. This paper mainly introduces the basic theory and main methods of ethnology ethnology survey, the collection, collation and analysis of survey data, the writing of survey reports and ethnography, and analyzes the writing characteristics of ethnography classic works, so that students can master the basic methods and procedures of ethnology survey and learn how to write survey reports. Among them, "An Introduction to China Nationalities" mainly introduces the formation history of various nationalities and their cultures in China, as well as the formation mechanism and characteristics of the pluralistic and integrated pattern of the Chinese nation. To enable students to master the basic situation of all ethnic groups in China and the theoretical and practical significance of the pluralistic integration of the Chinese nation. Among them, "Introduction to World Nationalities" and "Introduction to World Nationalities" mainly introduce the basic situation of all nationalities in the world and the basic characteristics of world ethnic problems. The main contents include the basic situation of the world's nationalities, the emergence of the world's ethnic problems, the background of the three waves of nationalism, especially the new characteristics of the third wave of nationalism and its influence on world politics. To enable students to master the basic situation of all nationalities in the world and the basic characteristics of ethnic problems in the world, and to correctly evaluate the influence of nationalism in history and reality. Among them, Principles of Religious Studies is the textbook of Introduction to Religious Studies, which studies religious phenomena, religious processes and religious characteristics. This textbook mainly introduces the origin and development of religion, the essence, characteristics and functions of religion, the basic situation of major religions in the world and China's religious policy, so that students can establish a correct religious view and master China's religious policy. Among them, the basic content of China's national history is the history of social, political, economic and cultural development of all ethnic groups in China from ancient times to the present (mainly from Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties to Ming and Qing Dynasties) and the history of the relationship between all ethnic groups in China and the ancient central dynasty. Pay special attention to the history of ethnic relations in China, so that students can understand and master the origin, political, economic and cultural development history of ethnic minorities in China and the ethnic policies of the central dynasties in previous dynasties, and at the same time understand and understand the relationship between the Han nationality and ethnic minorities, as well as the relationship between the diversity and clan of the Chinese nation. Among them, Management is a textbook introducing the huge discipline system of management, which belongs to the category of theoretical courses, with wide content and strong operability and practicality. The main contents include: 1, overview of management, 2, modern management discipline (manager), 3, development and evolution of management theory and introduction of main theories, 4, management process and functions. Through theoretical analysis, case analysis, guiding extracurricular reading related theoretical works and appropriate field visits, students can not only understand and master the basic theories, principles and methods of management, but also enhance their rational understanding of modern management, learn to apply theories, principles and methods to management practice, and lay a good theoretical foundation for studying subsequent courses and engaging in management work in the future. Among them, western economics (modern economics is also called economics or western economics) is the basic and main course of economic majors, and it is the core teaching material for 2 1 century. The main content is composed of microeconomics and macroeconomics, which mainly introduces various economic theories and their gist, provides a comprehensive and systematic theoretical framework for market economy research, and has the comprehensive characteristics of strong theory and wide application. At the same time, the basic spirit of the textbook is to have the consciousness of integrating theory with practice, testing and developing theory through practice, so that students can develop the necessary qualities and abilities of economic professionals, so as to achieve the goal of enabling students to apply what they have learned in school and quickly transform knowledge into working ability in their work. That's all I know! Are you a normal major?