Chen Xulu's The Metabolism of Modern China Society focuses on the social metabolism from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China. Joseph W. Esherick's Reform and Revolution: The Revolution of 1911 is in the Two Lakes, focusing on the socio-economic changes in the two lakes before the Revolution of 1911, Zhang Jian's relationship with modern society and the development of Zhang Kaiyuan's national bourgeoisie, including Zheng Chuan of Xia Dongyuan, Study on the Westernization Movement in the Late Qing Dynasty, Biography of Sheng Xuanhuai, History of the Westernization Movement, A New Theory on the Development of Modern History, and Long Chronicle of Sheng Xuanhuai.