/index/zhzt/000056/004/
For example:
Economic globalization is an important feature of world economic development. Economic globalization not only provides opportunities for China's leap-forward development, but also helps to accelerate the establishment of domestic market economic system and the development and growth of domestic enterprises. But economic globalization has also brought us more challenges. Therefore, under the economic globalization, we must: (1) establish the consciousness of seeking development in international competition; (2) Cultivating core competitiveness; (3) promoting the upgrading and optimization of industrial structure; (4) transforming government functions; (5) Strive to establish reasonable international economic rules.
Abstract economic globalization
Keywords: economic globalization/opportunities/challenges
Upper guide bearing
The definition of economic globalization is that the trade of goods and services extends to the whole world, realizing a wider range of international division of labor and global economic integration. Under the above definition, economic globalization means that sovereign countries open their domestic markets and realize trade and investment liberalization. As an extension of marketization, economic globalization can be understood from two aspects: transaction scope and system construction. First, the scope of trade and investment has expanded to the whole world, and resources are allocated in a broader space; The second is the promotion and adoption of the market system in the global scope, which are two parallel trends in the process of economic globalization. However, economic globalization is a "double-edged sword", which will inevitably bring opportunities and more challenges to China as a developing country.
First, the opportunities brought by economic globalization to China.
1. Economic globalization provides opportunities for China's leap-forward development. Economic globalization makes capital, technology, talents and other important resources flow freely around the world, which gives us the opportunity to use international resources to promote China's economic development and make China make full use of its resource advantages, market advantages and late-comer advantages. Some people think that China is the biggest beneficiary of opening up and globalization. In 2000, China's gdp was 7.4 times that of 1978 at the beginning of opening up.
2. Economic globalization is conducive to accelerating the establishment of the domestic market economic system. Economic globalization and China's accession to the WTO have gradually brought China into the world economic system, the domestic market has been in line with the international market, and China enterprises have participated in the international market competition, all of which are conducive to China's familiarity with the operation of the market economy and the rules of the international market and the establishment of a market economic mechanism.
3. Economic globalization is beneficial to the growth and development of domestic enterprises. (1) Economic globalization enables domestic enterprises to organize production and business activities on a global scale, realize the optimal allocation of resources, reduce costs and obtain more profits, thus promoting the development of enterprises. (2) Under the condition of economic globalization, products have a broader market, and domestic enterprises can obtain economic benefits in a wider range. (3) Under the pressure of international competition, we can speed up the reform of domestic enterprises, accelerate the establishment of a modern enterprise system, promote enterprises to actively introduce foreign advanced technology, capital and management experience, and enhance the strength of domestic enterprises to participate in international competition.
4. Economic globalization is conducive to improving the level of social welfare in China. Under the condition of economic globalization, due to the reduction of tariff and non-tariff barriers, human factors can be avoided to restrict the flow of products and production factors, and the distortion of product prices and production factors can be avoided. Commodities can flow around the world more freely, and consumers in all countries can enjoy richer commodities and further improve their quality of life. After China joined the World Trade Organization, consumers benefited the most.
Second, the challenges brought by economic globalization to China.
1. Economic globalization makes our national industry face great pressure and impact. Since the reform and opening up, China's national industries have been impacted to varying degrees. After joining wto, this impact is a severe test for some industries. According to relevant analysis, after China's entry into WTO, seven aspects, such as automobile, medicine, agriculture, telecommunications, aviation, computer and finance, have been greatly impacted. Among them, the automobile industry is one of the hardest hit industries, mainly in the following aspects: First, it faces the impact of insufficient economies of scale. The automobile industry has typical economies of scale. Only when the scale goes up can the price come down. In China, the national automobile output in 1998 was 1630, and the car ownership was 507 100, which was only equivalent to the output of foreign automobile factories and even equivalent to the output of an assembly line of foreign automobile factories. Second, facing the impact of global automobile overcapacity. At present, the global automobile production capacity exceeds 20 million vehicles, and several major production giants such as GM, Ford, Volkswagen and Toyota are stepping up their efforts to explore overseas markets. At present, there are 200 people in China who own a car, which is obviously a potential car market, and will be favored by foreign businessmen, who will try to squeeze into the China market, which will undoubtedly have a serious impact and threat on China's auto industry. Third, facing the impact of the gradual decline in tariffs. At present, the average tariff on automobiles in China is 80% ~ 100%. Although the official documents have not yet been issued, the 20% tariff reduction is at least, which means that the competitive advantage of imported cars is more obvious after the tariff reduction. In addition, the automobile industry's weak independent development ability, low labor productivity and lack of competitive advantage all make it face great pressure after joining the World Trade Organization. Although China's automobile industry can be protected as a naive industry, the protection time is only about five years, at most ten years. Those enterprises with small scale, high cost and backward technical level will find it difficult to survive. It will be the general trend for the automobile industry to enter large-scale asset restructuring.
2. Economic globalization may degrade and marginalize China's industrial structure. Although economic globalization has greatly developed China's labor and resource-intensive industries, it cannot change China's disadvantageous position in the international division of labor, nor can it upgrade and modernize its industrial structure. At the same time, excessive development of labor and resource-intensive industries will also pollute natural resources, destroy ecological balance and seriously waste resources.
3. Adaptation of "rules of the game" in international economic operation. For developed countries, they adapt to their own economic rules and order, without institutional and institutional restrictions, only the difficulty of coordinating various interest groups. However, for our country in the economic transition period, because the market mechanism has not been fully established, the supporting ability of the market system is weak. At this time, it is obviously difficult to adapt to unfamiliar or even unreasonable international economic rules.
4. The starting point and strength of China's economic development determine that China is at a relative disadvantage in economic globalization. Although globalization challenges developed countries in one way or another, it can effectively avoid the challenge of globalization because of its advantages such as developed economy, technological experience and industrial structure optimization, and is at the center. As a developing country, China is at a relative disadvantage because it does not have the above advantages and is on the periphery.
5. The competitiveness of enterprises in China is weak. In the period when the trend of globalization is not obvious, the scale, efficiency and R&D capability of China enterprises are not satisfactory. At this time, the competition scope of enterprises is mainly local, which means that local enterprises are in an advantageous position because of their long-term business history and deep understanding of the local area, as well as some protection policies of the state and local governments. With the development of economic globalization, enterprises will compete with more powerful rivals in a broader international market. It is an indisputable fact that the competitiveness of China enterprises is weak, and it is not easy to occupy a place in the international market.
Third, the development strategy of China under economic globalization
1. Establish the consciousness of seeking development in international competition. There is obviously no way out behind closed doors and outside the mainstream of globalization. From the positive effect, economic globalization has brought opportunities to increase wealth and develop the economy. Throughout the modern history of China, we have missed too many opportunities for development. Therefore, we should learn to cherish opportunities and make use of them.
Judging from China's own practice of reform and opening up, the reform and opening up over the past 20 years has made China an active participant in the process of economic globalization. The World Bank believes that China is one of the few biggest winners in the process of economic globalization. By the end of 2000, the scale of China's international trade had expanded by about 22 times in the past 22 years, and the world ranking had risen from the 32nd place at the beginning of opening up to the 9th place. The average annual utilization of foreign direct investment has increased from less than $2 billion in the early 1980s to about $20 billion now. Since 1993, it has been the second largest foreign investment host country in the world after the United States, and has attracted 350 billion foreign direct investment.
2. Cultivate core competitiveness. From the perspective of enterprises, only enterprises with considerable scale and strength, scientific management methods and means, innovative ability and pioneering spirit can benefit from economic globalization. Therefore, China enterprises must face the reality and establish confidence; We should consider the development strategy that suits us, and more importantly, we should cultivate core competitiveness and enhance the international competitiveness of enterprises.
To cultivate the core competitiveness of enterprises, we must recognize the important role of innovation. Innovation is the source of power for the development and progress of enterprises. Without innovation, there will be no development. For Chinese enterprises, the lack of innovation ability is the key factor affecting the development and competitiveness of Chinese enterprises. Therefore, we must build the core competitiveness of enterprises from the aspects of system innovation, technology innovation, marketing innovation and cultural innovation.
In addition, the government should also play an important role in cultivating the core competitiveness of enterprises. This is mainly manifested in the following aspects: (1) The government should break monopoly, break compartmentalization and local protectionism, provide an environment of fair competition for enterprises and cultivate their competitiveness; (2) The government should provide appropriate protection for enterprises within the scope permitted by wto; (3) The government should provide corresponding support in cultivating the competitiveness of enterprises.
3. Promote the upgrading and optimization of industrial structure. With the further deepening of economic globalization and the acceleration of industrial structure adjustment worldwide, all countries are actively adjusting their industrial structures and striving to occupy a favorable position in the international division of labor. China must also adjust its industrial structure, further improve labor-intensive industries, make capital-intensive or technology-intensive industries bigger and stronger, and develop intelligence-intensive or knowledge-intensive industries selectively, with emphasis and breakthrough. In the next five years, the adjustment and upgrading of China's industrial structure should highlight the following aspects:
-Transforming and upgrading traditional industries with high-tech and advanced and applicable technologies. We should put the adjustment and transformation of traditional industries in an important position, take the market as the guide, take enterprises as the main body, take technological progress as the support, and do a good job in key links.
-developing high-tech industries and promoting industrialization through informationization. We will selectively accelerate the development of high-tech industries such as information technology, bioengineering and new materials. Focus on supporting the construction of high-speed broadband information networks, key integrated circuits, new launch vehicles and other major high-tech projects, and form the group advantages and local strength of China's high-tech industries.
-Strengthen infrastructure construction such as water conservancy, transportation and energy, and attach great importance to resource strategy.
-accelerating the development of the service industry. Developing service industry is an important way to promote structural upgrading and increase employment, and necessary policies and measures should be taken to form an environment conducive to the development of service industry.
4. Transform government functions and reform the political and economic system. After China's entry into the WTO, it is necessary to change the government's functions in accordance with WTO rules and require the government to change its management methods in accordance with the principles of openness, transparency and non-discrimination. First of all, we should improve the market mechanism, give play to the basic role of the market in resource allocation, and separate government from enterprises. The government should improve the market system, strengthen market functions, constantly improve various market rules, standardize and maintain market order, and create a fair and equal competitive environment. Secondly, we should govern the country according to law, regulate the government's management of the country by law, standardize government behavior, and improve the transparency of government decision-making and behavior.
5. Establish reasonable international economic rules with the international community. Most of the current international economic rules are established under the guidance of developed countries, so they can better reflect the will and interests of developed countries and discriminate against developing countries. With the strengthening of China's economic strength and international status, we should work together with developing countries to establish fair and reasonable international economic rules so that developing countries can benefit from economic globalization.
refer to
Qin Xiao, Ling Xiaodong. Economic Globalization: Goals, Approaches and Our Choice [j]. International Economic Evaluation, 2002, (1-2).
[2] Chen. The key to cultivating core competitiveness and benefiting from globalization [j]. International Economic Cooperation, 2002, (2).
[3] Cai Zhifang. Developing countries under economic globalization [j]. Lanzhou Academic Journal, 2002, (1).
Original data source: Heilongjiang Social Sciences.
Original name Harbin
Original issue No.200302
The original page number is 48 ~ 50.
Date of the article: 2003-0 1- 10
Author brief introduction Pu Ming, Heilongjiang Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150008.
Pu Ming (1976-), male, from Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, is a teacher of heilongjiang institute of technology Management Department, engaged in economic management and international trade research.
China Library Classification Number: f 120. 4 Document identification code: A document number:1007-4937 (2003) 02-0048-03.