Railway transportation and maintenance is a hidden danger that hinders the development of railways, and these problems can be completely solved by using railway informatization. Therefore, in order to adapt to the characteristics of high density and large passenger flow, it is necessary to improve the efficiency and intelligent level of railway system transportation.

I. Overview of the Internet of Things

1. concept of internet of things

The Internet of Things is a network that intelligently manages, locates, identifies and monitors objects by combining them with the Internet. At the same time, it realizes communication and exchange through information sensing devices such as laser scanners, global positioning systems and infrared sensors. Its core is the internet, but the result has spread to commodity exchange.

2. Development of the Internet of Things

1999 first put forward the concept of internet of things. The Internet of Things relies on Internet technology, using wireless devices and radio frequency technology, thus forming a network that can make goods all over the world enjoy in real time on the Internet. In 2003, the authoritative American magazine "Technology Review" pointed out that the Internet of Things will become the top ten technologies that will change our living habits in the future. In 2005, the International Telecommunication Union published a report on the Internet of Things, which showed that with the advent of the Internet of Things era, goods all over the world can be exchanged through online trading platforms. Relying on Internet technology, the Internet of Things will also become one of the main ways of commodity trading in the future. In China, there have also been many successful examples of using Internet of Things technology to realize artificial intelligence, such as Shanghai Pudong Airport and Shanghai World Expo.

Second, the key technologies of the Internet of Things

First of all, the Internet of Things needs to use a specific identification system to identify the related attributes of items. Secondly, the data information of related items should be uploaded online through the Internet. The most important thing is that the transmitted network information should be processed and released through the central information processing system to realize the enjoyment of information. At present, the main technologies used in the Internet of Things are: intelligent embedding, cloud computing, IPv6, sensing technology and so on.

1.IPv6

Because of the continuous maturity of the Internet, the Internet's IPv4 address has reached its peak, and IPv6 will definitely replace IPv4 in the future. At present, the only 32-bit address of IPv4 can no longer meet the needs of current Internet users, but the born IPv6 has a 128-bit address, which allows everything in the world to have its own IP. At present, in order to develop the Internet of Things rapidly, it is necessary to make every commodity have its own IP address. Therefore, the application of IPv6 will surely become the basis for the rapid growth of the Internet of Things.

2. Radio Frequency Identification.

Using radio frequency identification RFID can identify the corresponding item information through radio frequency. Radio frequency identification can identify the corresponding information of small items, and at the same time, through the analysis of entities, you can quickly understand the relevant information of goods without contact. RFID can automatically identify the related attributes of goods in a large range, but the technologies used by RFID are also different, such as application fields, technical characteristics, working principles and so on.

3. Cloud computing

Cloud computing is called computing resource pool by some professionals. It can quickly process massive information and is the key to the development of the Internet of Things. Because the Internet of Things needs to update and add relevant collected data anytime and anywhere, it needs a platform that can store a large amount of information, and the management of massive data can be achieved through cloud computing.

4. Sensing technology

Computer technology, communication technology and sensing technology are the three cores of information technology. Sensing technology realizes the detection and data entry of related items by identifying and processing sensors and information. At the same time, it uses its related sensors to meet the requirements of some senses for information input and processing.

5. Intelligent embedding

The information processor is embedded in the application system, and the whole system is solidified through the Internet. In this way, we can save a lot of time, but we can enjoy information quickly. In this way, computer technology and network technology can realize real-time synchronization and high-speed transmission of information.

Third, the application of Internet of Things technology in railway transportation

Realizing the full coverage of the Internet of Things in railway transportation can play an efficient role in railway transportation and maintenance. It can be realized in railway traffic dispatching management, locomotive and wheelset maintenance information management system, railway freight logistics information system and intelligent ticket checking system.

1. Intelligent toll collection system

Intelligent ticketing system has been widely used in China. Passengers can use the ticket vending machine to buy train tickets. When a passenger enters the station, the ticket inspector uses a small reader to identify and read the RFID electronic tag, so as to identify whether the ticket purchased by the passenger is consistent with the ticket purchase information. This can not only greatly improve the working efficiency of railway personnel, but also save the time for passengers to enter and leave the station and make the station run quickly.

2. Intelligent identification system for railway vehicles.

The intelligent identification system of railway rolling stock consists of five parts: ground independent identification equipment, car body or car bottom identification label, repeater equipment and centralized data management. The ground independent identification equipment consists of four parts, and its setting needs a series of processing at each station to realize information management. Installing electronic tags on cargo transport vehicles can quickly identify the relevant information of vehicles. In this way, in the Internet of Things era, we can know and enjoy the information of goods in real time.

3. Railway traffic dispatching management

The Internet of Things can be realized in railway traffic dispatching management only by managing cars. It can play a key role in railway speed detection and signal upgrading. Each car is equipped with an RFID chip. The reader of RFID chip can not only know the current speed of railway transportation, but also detect the potential safety hazards in current railway transportation, so that relevant personnel can eliminate the potential safety hazards in time, make the railway reach the corresponding destination safely and prevent some interference.

4. Railway passenger transport system

Using the Internet of Things, the information of passengers' ticket purchase is embedded in each ticket, and readers are installed in buses, waiting rooms, ticket gates and station entrances. When a passenger buys a ticket from the ticket vending machine and enters the entrance, he can automatically identify whether the ticket information is consistent with himself. After entering the waiting hall, he can quickly identify whether the passenger's waiting place is correct by receiving the reader's identification, so as to avoid passengers delaying the waiting time. At the same time, the number of passengers waiting for the bus can be counted in time. After passengers get on the bus, they can also correct some passengers' wrong cars in time through the reader, and transmit the information of passengers arriving at the next station in real time, so that passengers have missed the station. After passengers get off the bus, the system can also process relevant information.

5. Locomotive and wheelset maintenance information management system

Using RFID technology, the arrival time and steps of trains can be accurately counted and calculated, and then stored. Not only that, but also the times of train entering and leaving the station and the corresponding data can be quickly collected and entered, which can greatly improve the efficiency of train data query and statistics, reduce the workload of inspectors and improve their work quality and efficiency.

6. Development of Railway Freight Logistics Information System

Railway logistics must systematize container transportation information. By collecting and counting the container information and identifying the container number image, it is convenient for the camera to read the container information quickly, thus reducing the problems in the identification system caused by weather or container damage. Applying RFID technology to railway containers can not only know the transportation situation of goods in real time, but also reduce the theft or damage of goods. At the same time, the efficiency of container transportation is improved.

Four. Application and Prospect of Internet of Things Technology in Other Business of Railway Industry

1. Application of Internet of Things in Video Surveillance

If we want to achieve high quality, we must use sensors and the Internet of Things. For example, various sensors can be connected in front of the probe, laser ranging sensors and inclination sensors can be connected with the pan-tilt camera, which can capture picture information, and laser ranging sensors can be used for ranging.

2. Landslide monitoring and early warning system

As a destructive geological disaster, landslide can not only destroy a lot of railway infrastructure, but also cause great harm to people on the train during railway transportation, so it is a particularly serious disaster and a hidden danger of railway transportation safety. At present, railway departments can use the Internet of Things technology to install tilt sensors, liquid level sensors and front-end equipment in areas with serious landslides, which can not only monitor the mountain conditions in this area in real time, but also transmit and store the current mountain data for relevant personnel to analyze. At the same time, when the mountain changes are found, early warning and early warning are issued in time, so that the station personnel can respond to the corresponding geological disasters in time, and then the loss of personnel and property can be greatly recovered.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) conclusion

The wide application of Internet of Things technology in China's railway system is an inevitable requirement for the continuous progress of the current information age. Only by applying the Internet of Things technology to all aspects of the railway system can the transportation efficiency of China's railway system be improved. At present, the application of the Internet of Things in China's railways is mainly manifested in RFID, sensors, data acquisition and two-dimensional code. In the application of these years, we can find that its effect is very obvious. The extensive use of the Internet has laid a solid foundation for the development of the Internet of Things. In the future, the development of railway transportation will continue to move in the direction of intelligence, and China railway system will surely usher in new development opportunities.

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