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Abstract is the essence of the paper. Its importance lies in: after the paper is sent to the reviewer, the reviewer will generally read the abstract in the shortest time, judge whether the content of the paper is in his familiar field, and decide whether to accept the review. Therefore, the abstract, like the Coverletter, is the facade of the paper and will leave a very important first impression on the reviewers. If "the first apple tastes terrible", the reviewer will refuse to review your paper. This will make the magazine need to screen suitable reviewers again and extend the review time. What's more, some reviewers will even directly find reasons to suggest that the editor-in-chief reject the manuscript. In addition, the abstract is also a free part of the electronic journal database. There are far more readers who can understand the abstract than the full text. Readers will judge whether they need to read the full text according to the abstract, so the clear expression of the abstract is very important.

The formal requirements of magazine abstracts can be roughly divided into three types: informative abstracts, indicative abstracts and informational-indicative abstracts. Must be concise (most magazines will indicate the required specified number in the submission guide), introduce the main research purpose (purpose), research background, research process (methods and materials), results and conclusions in the specified order, and make reviewers and readers understand and master the main process and results of the whole experiment.

Sentence patterns commonly used in writing abstracts:

(1) State whether the purpose of the research is to clarify the mechanism, invest or. Pay attention to writing the verbs that are most suitable for the purpose of expression.

(2) ... be executed ... Write the contents and methods of the research, and pay attention to the past tense.

(3) The results show that the main results of the study are described. You don't have to list all the specific data, but you can grasp the level of detail according to magazine habits.

(4) The results of the current work mean that. Tell your conclusion. This expression will make readers feel that the author's attitude towards scientific research is very strict, which will increase the credibility of the results. Pay attention to avoid common problems such as vague and exaggerated conclusions.

In addition, when writing an abstract, try to avoid using references. If you must use them, you must write all the details. Always remember that abstraction is an independent part; In other words, others can understand your research work only by reading your abstract without reading your paper. The experience is: when writing the text of the paper, first write a draft abstract, let this draft play the role of the outline of the text, and finish the text; After the text is finalized, go back and check whether abstraction can be regarded as the most essential part of the paper. If not, make changes again. Always remember that a good abstract, like a good paper, is revised, not written.

It is necessary to use tenses carefully and correctly in writing, because the professional ethics in the field of science determines that tenses should be used correctly in paper writing. After the paper is published, its content becomes the existing knowledge in the field of science and technology; Future generations should show due respect when referring to published scientific research achievements: and the way to express respect is to use the present tense. On the contrary, if the published research results are later proved to be wrong, it is more appropriate to use the past tense when referring to the research results in the paper.