1. Purpose of the abstract: The purpose of the abstract is to provide readers with an overview of the paper. It should include research questions, methods, main findings and conclusions. The abstract should be concise, generally no more than 200-300 words.
2. Purpose of conclusion: The conclusion is a summary of the whole study. It should include your main findings and their impact on your research field. The conclusion can also include suggestions or directions for future research.
3. Content differences: the abstract mainly focuses on the main content of the paper, while the conclusion pays more attention to how your research promotes your field. Therefore, the abstract may contain more details and the conclusion may be more abstract or theoretical.
4. Structural differences: the abstract is usually at the beginning of the paper, while the conclusion is at the end of the paper. It usually begins with "summary" or "research results" and ends with "therefore" and "in general".
5. Language differences: The language of the abstract should be clear and concise, avoiding complicated terms or abbreviations. The language of the conclusion may be more complicated because it needs to explain and discuss your research results.
Generally speaking, the abstract is the entrance of the paper, so that readers can understand your research; The conclusion is an outlet to let readers know what impact your research has on the whole field.