There is always nothing in the world, and if something happens, Luoyang must be attacked first. (Li's Postscript to Luoyang Famous Garden) Translation: Luoyang is located in the middle of China, which is in danger of Yaoshan and Mianchi. It occupies the crossroads of Qinchuan and Longshan, and acts as a barrier to the border between Zhao and Wei, so it can be said that it is a battleground for all four sides.
If there is no war in China, in case of war, Luoyang will suffer the disaster of war first. 2. Qi Xuanwang is good at shooting, saying that people say that a strong bow can be used, but actually only three stones (a bow with average strength) are used.
To show the left and right, the left and right are tested, and the middle pass (through the "bend") stops, all saying: "No less than nine stones (strong bow, hard bow). You can use it without a king! " Wang Xuan said it.
However, Xuan Wang used three stones, but spent his whole life thinking about nine stones. Three stones are true and nine stones are named.
Wang Xuan said his name, but he forgot it. Qi Xuanwang loves archery and likes people boasting that he can use a powerful bow. In fact, the bow he used can be opened with a force of more than 300 kilograms.
He showed the bow to the ministers, and all the ministers tried it. They only pulled halfway and said, "It takes at least 1,000 kilograms to pull it apart. It's not a king. Who can open it? " Wang Xuan was very happy. However, Xuan Wang only used a bow of more than 300 kilograms, but he thought he had opened a bow of 1000 kilograms all his life.
More than 300 kilograms is true, and 1000 kilograms is famous. Wang Xuan liked names, but lost the truth. Qi Weiwang called Dr. Jimo and said, "Since my son lives in Jimo, it's ruined.
However, I made people see Jimo, the land was opened, the people gave it, the officials had nothing to do, and the East was better. I'm not asking for help! "Thousands of letters.
He called the doctor and said, "I want to keep my son, and my reputation will come back." I make people feel that the fields are uncultivated and the people are poor.
Before Zhao attacked the country, the son did not save it; Who took Ling Xue? I don't know. For me, thick coins are very important to my reputation! "That day, I cooked doctors and those who tasted fame.
So the ministers shrugged their shoulders, did not dare to play tricks, and did their best. The rule of Qi is better than the world.
(Selected from Zi Tongzhi Jian) Summoned Dr. Jimo and said to him, "Since you became an official in Jimo, people have accused you every day. But I sent people to Jimo to inspect, but the fields were opened up, the people were rich, the government was fine, and the East was peaceful.
This is because you don't curry favor with the people on my left and right to help them. "So he gave Dr. Jimo a salary of ten thousand households.
Qi Weiwang called Dr. A (Cheng) again and said to him, "Since you guarded A (Cheng), you have been praised every day. I sent someone to inspect A (city) and found that the fields were deserted and the people were poor and hungry.
Zhao attacked before, but you were not saved. You don't know that Guo Wei took Ling Xue. (I know) this is because you paid off my left and right ministers with a lot of money in order to put in a good word for you! "On the same day, Qi Weiwang ordered the doctor and the officials who put in a good word for him to cook him.
Therefore, ministers are too frightened to hide this scam and must tell the truth. Thus, Qi ruled and became a world power.
4, young and eager to learn, what you read must be handwritten, and all the banknotes have been read, that is, burned; Again, if so, there are only six or seven. Where the right hand holds the tube, the palm becomes a cocoon.
My hands are chapped in winter and I drink soup several times. Later, it was called "Seven Records" ... Pu's poems were agile, and people from all directions didn't draft, and he immediately became famous.
Zhang Pu liked reading when he was a child. He must copy the books he has read by himself. After he copied it, he read it and burned it. Copy it again. Do it six or seven times before you stop. Where the right hand holds the pen, there are cocoons on the fingers and palms.
In winter, the skin is frozen and cracked, and hot water is soaked several times a day. Later, the study called Reading was called "Seven Records" ... Zhang Pu wrote poems and articles quickly.
All parties came to ask for it. (Zhang Pu) There is no need to draft. He wrote it in front of the guests, and it was almost finished. Because of this, (Zhang Pu) was well-known at that time. Duke Jin Ping asked Shi Kuang, "I am seventy years old, and I am afraid I am old enough to study."
Shi Kuang said, "Why not light a candle?" Gong Ping said, "An is a minister. Are you kidding me?" Shi Kuang said, "Do blind officials dare to play with you? I heard it: less and more eager to learn, like the sunrise sun; Strong and eager to learn, such as the light of Japan and China; Old and studious, bright as a candle. What is the light of the candle? " Gong Ping said, "Good!" Duke Ping of Jin asked Shi Kuang, "I am seventy years old, and I am afraid it is too late to learn (music)."
Shi Kuang said, "Why not light a candle?" Duke Ping of Jin said, "How can courtiers tease the king?" Shi Kuang said: "I am blind, how dare I tease the king?" I heard that I liked reading when I was a child, just like the rising sun. I like studying in the prime of life, and I like the sunshine in Japan and China. Learning when you are old is like lighting a candle. Which is better than walking in the dark with the light of a candle? " Gong Ping said, "Well said!" 6. In Ceng Zi's wife's city, his son cried and his mother said, "If a woman comes back, she will kill her."
When his wife came to this city at the right time, Ceng Zi wanted to arrest him and kill him. His wife stopped saying, "I'm playing with the baby." Ceng Zi said, "Babies have nothing to do with play.
Babies must be knowledgeable, treat their parents and scholars, and listen to their parents. Today's son deceives him, but also teaches him to bully him.
A mother cheated her son, but didn't trust her mother, so she became a teacher. "Then cook never put off till tomorrow what you can.
Ceng Zi's wife walked into the street, followed by her son, crying to leave. Ceng Zi's wife had no choice but to say to her son, "Go home. I came back from the street to kill pigs for you. "
As soon as Ceng Zi's wife came back from the street, Ceng Zi was ready to catch the pig and kill it. His wife discouraged him and said, "I said that killing pigs was just to coax children, but it was just a joke." Ceng Zi said, "Children can't play with him.
Children are not sensible, and all knowledge needs to be learned from their parents and taught by them. Now if you cajole him, you are teaching your child to cajole others.
If the mother coaxes the child, the child will not believe her. This is not the way to educate children to be gentlemen. "Say that finish, Ceng Zi killed the pig for the children to eat.
2. Articles describing handicrafts (in classical Chinese) "Ding Shen Tudun"
original text
There is Ding Hanyi in the Buyi God mound in Luoyang, which belongs to Chang 'an Shenchuan. Yun Chi's mistake was terrible. Lu Sheng, a neighbor to the west, was pleased with it and called a metalworker to make a statue and cast it. Those who have been quenched by strange drugs and hid in caves for three years. The soil and medicine have corroded, and the copper has melted, just like the owner of Dun. Once, give it to dignitaries, treasure it and entertain guests. When Dun accidentally sat down, he knew that it was Lu's thing and said, "Dun also has a tripod. Its shape is too cool. I don't know which one is the real ear." The dignitaries invited them to see it and said for a long time, "It's not true." The guest said, "It's true, not true." Uneven and countless. The masses were humiliated. Dun dared not speak and sighed back: "Now I know the situation is enough to change right and wrong." Longmenzi heard the news and laughed and said, "Why didn't you see me earlier?" Scholars are also in the text. "(selected from Lian's Song Anthology)
translate
A civilian named Shen Tudun in Luoyang has a tripod in Han Dynasty, which was obtained under a deep valley in Chang 'an. Yunfei is staggered and the pattern is gorgeous. In the west, a man named Lu saw this tripod and liked it very much. He asked a goldsmith to cast such a tripod. When casting, it was soaked in strange liquid medicine to cool down, and a hole was dug underground and buried for three years. Both soil and potions have corroded the tripod, and the nature of copper has changed, which is roughly the same as that of sinking a mound. One day, Lu Sheng dedicated this tripod to a powerful person who cherished it, entertained guests and appreciated it. Shen Tudun happened to be at the banquet. Knowing that it belonged to Lu Sheng, he said, "I have a tripod, too. Its shape is very similar to this one, but I don't know which one is true. " The powerful man asked him to bring the tripod for him to identify. (awesome person) looked at it for a long time and said, "It's not true." One by one, the guests said, "Really not." Shen Tudun was filled with indignation and kept arguing. Everyone scoffed at Shen mound, and he dared not speak. He turned around and said with emotion, "After all this, I realized that power is enough to change right and wrong." Longmen Zi smiled and said, "Why did Shen Tudun understand this truth so late? The evaluation articles of scholars are also. "
3. Why did ancient people write articles in classical Chinese? Because only classical Chinese was popular at that time, vernacular Chinese became popular after the May 4th Movement. In addition, classical Chinese comes from vernacular Chinese and is characterized by writing on the basis of words. Therefore, it pays attention to allusions, antithesis, neat rhythm and no punctuation. In 19 19 ".
"Vernacular writing" is closely related to popular spoken language. "Popular language is not a special language other than vernacular Chinese.' Popularization' means that vernacular Chinese can be understood to the greatest extent." Lu Xun believes that "to advocate popular language is to be a' more plain vernacular'". Some commentators believe that the vernacular movement is a prelude to the mass movement; In fact, there are differences between these two concepts in vernacular Chinese, so we can't blindly equate "vernacular Chinese movement" with "popularization". In addition, the vernacular movement is also the theoretical starting point of "mass literature and art" in the leftist period in the 1930s and "literature and art serving the masses" in the liberated areas in the 40s. The latter is the extension and prominence of the former, and it is also accompanied by the narrowing of the concept connotation. After the establishment of "vernacular Chinese" as a category of modern literature, there are still some arguments and explanations, mainly focusing on the level of "reflection", such as Qian Gurong's reflection on vernacular Chinese and so on. The vernacular is easy to understand and is conducive to dissemination and publication. In fact, the grammar of classical Chinese is complicated and it is not used in daily life, which is not conducive to improving the level of popular culture. Exquisite is actually only a little bit, mostly a pile of waste. If you really write articles in classical Chinese, it is impossible to quote idioms and poems so naturally, and it is impossible to feel the so-called "exquisiteness" so strongly. Vernacular writing is easier than classical writing, and you can clearly express the meaning of people when you speak. However, in classical Chinese, the literal meaning is difficult to understand, and we must use our brains and think repeatedly before we can know the meaning expressed. As for the vernacular, it is easy to express what we think and easy to understand. Vernacular writing is the need of China's development. It is concise and easy to understand. The literary revolution, which began with the vernacular movement, played an important role in spreading new ideas, prospering literary creation and popularizing national education. Modern written vernacular still has various levels. If a person wants to participate in academic discussions on philosophy, he must master a whole set of basic discourse systems of modern philosophy, and if he wants to participate in academic discussions on economics, he must master a whole set of discourse systems of modern economics, but this does not mean that everyone who participates in social written dialogue must master another set of independent discourse systems completely different from his real daily spoken language, just like classical Chinese. Because the modern discourse systems of different majors are gradually enriched and developed on the basis of real daily spoken language, these languages developed on the basis of real daily spoken language can also be used for real daily spoken communication. If literate people on TV speak classical Chinese, I find it difficult for the audience to understand. Look at the host on TV. Who said classical Chinese host? Since we are talking about ancient people, why do we talk about literate people on TV? Was there a TV in ancient times? The revival of classical Chinese is one of the hot spots in the cultural revival movement in contemporary China. Its appearance has the same profound historical background as the China Cultural Renaissance Movement, and it is an integral part of the Chinese National Renaissance Movement. On the surface, the revival of classical Chinese is a denial of vernacular Chinese advocated by Hu Shi and others, but in essence it is an extension of vernacular Chinese movement. The popularity of vernacular Chinese has greatly increased the audience of generalized culture, but made the direct audience of China traditional culture less and less, thus threatening the inheritance of China culture as never before. It is precisely because of the need to inherit China culture completely and accurately that the revival of classical Chinese has become a historical necessity. The revival of classical Chinese can not deny the existence and value of vernacular Chinese. The revival of classical Chinese in Chinese mainland began in 1980s. The concept of revival of classical Chinese was clearly put forward by Liu Zhou, a young scholar, in The First Step of Cultural Revival in China (Suggestions). In 2007, Guangming Daily published "Hundred Cities Fu", which showed the state's attitude towards the revival of classical Chinese. The proposal of the revival of classical Chinese was put forward by a young scholar, which shows that the development potential of the revival of classical Chinese is very strong. At present, classical Chinese has been praised and promoted by enthusiastic netizens on the Internet. They have created many websites with classical Chinese as their writing carrier, such as "Love Classical Chinese" and "Wiki Classical Chinese Edition". At present, with the rapid economic development in Greater China, people gradually attach importance to and affirm their own China traditional culture, and classical Chinese is also paid more attention, especially the rise of Sinology fever. Peng Fuchun, a professor at the School of Philosophy of Wuhan University and a deputy to the National People's Congress, suggested strengthening the teaching of ancient Chinese, increasing the proportion of classical Chinese in Chinese classes, and setting up a national ancient Chinese examination.
4. What do you say about articles with bad classical Chinese? What idioms can describe a bad article?
Teeth: not smooth; Bend: twists and turns. Refers to an article that doesn't read smoothly
The article or speech is shallow
Vulgarity: vulgarity; Humble: not much knowledge. Describe the vulgarity and shallowness of an article or speech.
Unreadable rubbish
Accuse others of saying or writing badly.
Speaking and writing articles are indistinguishable from advancing and retreating, which is inconsistent.
It is a metaphor for speaking and writing articles, and the preface is inconsistent with the latter.
Rough production
Excessive: too much, without restraint. Writing articles or doing things carelessly, only seeking quantity, not quality.
Pretend to be knowledgeable
It's not profound at all, but it's deliberately profound. More refers to the article deliberately using some difficult words to cover up the shallowness of the content. The description is very broad and endless. That is to say, speaking or writing an article has no center and is far from the point.
be filled with loopholes
There are many flaws in describing articles, speaking and doing things.
Empty text, no content
This paper is full of nonsense. Describe this article as empty.
As tasteless as chewing wax.
Like jealousy, it has no taste. Describe a language or article as dull as ditch water.
Write fast but stray from the subject.
Wrote a long article, but didn't touch the subject.
Words can't express meaning accurately.
Speaking and writing articles can't express the meaning accurately. The language book "Yili Bridal Ceremony": "Many words are history, few words are not enough, and words are enough to achieve righteousness."