The history of Chihuahua from Mexico to the United States from 65438 to 0898 is still unclear. It has been confirmed that this dog originated in South Astic, and was regarded as a sacred breed by the Incas at first, and then spread to. Some people think that this kind of dog came to the New World with Spanish invaders, or was introduced from China in the early 9th century. In a word, there are different opinions about the exact source of Chihuahua. These imaginary pedestals come from the statues of monasteries in Toltec times and the bones of small dogs excavated in Mexico. According to the image of the dog on China's coat of arms, it is believed that this dog comes from far away Asia. All the above judgments can show that this dog is not from one breed, but has been mated by many breeds since ancient times.

[Introduction]

Chihuahua is the smallest of small dogs. It is elegant, alert and quick-moving, and is widely loved by people because of its symmetrical physique and petite figure. Chihuahua is not only a lovely small toy dog, but also has the hunting and prevention instinct of large dogs, and has the temperament similar to terrier. This kind of dog is divided into two breeds: long hair and short hair. This kind of dog is petite, not timid to other dogs, and very exclusive to its owner. The difference between short-haired species and long-haired species is that its short hair is shiny, close-fitting and supple. Chihuahuas with long hair have the same tendency to tremble as those with short hair, except for their rich back hair. Don't think it is a cold.

[body type]

It is best not to weigh more than 6 kg. The proportion of the body is rectangular; So the length from shoulder to hip is slightly greater than the shoulder height. It is ideal for men to be shorter. Weighing more than 6 pounds is disqualified.

[head]

It is best to have a round "apple-shaped" head. Beautiful expression. The eyes are large but not prominent, and the proportion is well-proportioned, preferably bright black or red (pale yellow or white dogs are allowed to have white eyes). The ears are large and erect, and they remain upright when alert, but when they are still, they will separate, and the angle between them is 45 degrees. The muzzle is short and slightly pointed. Black, blue and chocolate varieties have the same nose color as their own body color. Pale yellow varieties are allowed to have pink noses. Scissor bite or pincer bite. Maxillary protrusion or mandibular protrusion are serious defects. Ear cutting will be disqualified from the competition.

[neck, topline, body]

The neck is slightly bent and perfectly combined with the shoulders. The topline is horizontal. Round ribs support the chest, making the body strong (but not forming a barrel chest). The tail is of moderate length, held high or sickle-shaped, or rolled on the back, and the tip of the tail just touches the back (never caught between your legs). A short or broken tail is a disqualification.

[forelimb]

The shoulders are narrow, gradually widen downward, and the front legs are straight, which makes the elbow movement unconstrained. Shoulders should be upward, balanced and firm, and inclined to the back (shoulders should not be downward or too low). Broad chest and strong front half, but nothing like bulldog's chest. The feet are slender, the toes are just separated on the beautiful feet, but they should not be too wide, and the pads should be thick (unlike rabbit feet or cat feet). The ankles are slender.

[hind limbs]

Muscles are strong, the distance is appropriate, the inside is not too far, and the outside is not too far. Looking down, they are strong and firm. Feet are the same as forelimbs.

[coat]

Short hair coat is very soft, compact and smooth (undercoat is allowed when the wool is large enough). The dog is covered with fur, with fur collar and tail, and the hair on the head and ears is sparse. The hair on the tail looks like fur. Long-haired coat is soft, flat or slightly curved, preferably with undercoat. There are decorative hairs on the ear edge (if the ears are thin and have more decorative hairs, the ears may lean forward slightly, but never downward). The tail is plump and long (feathered). Ideally, feet and legs should be decorated with fur, shorts should be worn backwards, and fur collars should be worn around the neck. Long hair disqualification: the coat is sparse and almost naked.

[color]

Any color, patch or spot.

[gait]

Chihuahua is fast and firm, and its hindquarters have strong driving force. From the back, the hind legs are always parallel to each other, and the foothold of the hind legs is always close to the front feet. Both front and rear legs tend to tilt slightly to the center of gravity, which speeds up the speed. Viewed from the side, forequarters guide, hindquarters drive and support. During the operation, the topline remains horizontal and stable. Elegant and effortless, the forelimbs are stretched and firm, and the hindquarters have strong propulsion. From the side, the stride is appropriate, and from the front and back, walking is a straight line, which is because the bones and muscles are sound.

[personality]

Vigilance, similar to terrier temperament.

[disqualification]

Weighing more than 6 pounds; Ears should not be erected or clamped; Short tail or cut tail; The long-haired coat is sparse and almost naked.

[How to choose Chihuahua]

I. External inspection

1. Spirit: lively and active, flexible in reaction, bright in eyes, walking normally, without limping.

2. Coat: shiny, natural in color, full of pigment and not depilated.

Baby with short hair: obedient baby with long hair: fluffy

3. Fat and thin: Try to choose a fat puppy, which has a strong feeling in the palm of your hand.

Second, detailed inspection

1. Eyes: There are gods in both eyes, no shit, no tears, the cornea is clear and bright, no turbidity, and the eyes are the same color.

2. Ear: The auricle is free of depilation, dander and ulceration, and the ear canal is free of dirt and peculiar smell.

3. Nose: The nose is slightly moist, no runny nose, and the nose mirror is cold.

4. Oral cavity: the upper and lower lips are well closed, the oral mucosa is pink, no odor, no salivation, white teeth, normal mouth color and no reddish-brown oxidation spots.

5. Head: the lymph glands in the lower part of the forehead are not swollen, and the trachea does not cough when touching.

6. Back: Straight

7. Nipples: 4-6 pairs are symmetrical, and the nipples are obviously prominent (not concave)

8. Testicles: two, no single or cryptorchidism.

9. Anus: The coat around the anus is clean, the anus is not red and swollen, and the coat color is normal.

10. Tail:

Short-haired species: flat tail, naturally upturned.

Long-haired species: long hair, fringed, naturally drooping, no rash and sparse hair removal, and no tail biting.

1 1. limbs: straight limbs, without x or o legs.

12. Skin: ruddy, without rash and scab.

13. Excretion: the stool is strip-shaped, brown in color, free from parasites, and the urine is clear and turbid.

[Chihuahua Feeding Method]

Chihuahuas are lively and active, and should not be kept in apartments all day; Brush with soft brush first, and then wipe with flannel to make it bright; Ears should also be cleaned frequently; Toes and claws must be trimmed regularly; The dog has thin bones, so don't let it jump from a height to avoid fracture. Chihuahuas are naughty and active, and often do nothing. They run around the house and look beautiful. They should be stopped. Dogs are afraid of cold, and they are prone to pneumonia and rheumatoid arthritis after catching cold. When going out in winter, he should put on a dog coat to keep out the cold.

[Beauty of Chihuahua]

Chihuahua is a very good breed, but it inevitably needs combing and cleaning. If your Chihuahua is smooth, you can keep its bright appearance by grooming it once a week. Soft wool needle brush can comb. But if your chihuahua has long hair, comb it two or three times a week. Some owners of long-haired Chihuahuas are willing to take them to a professional beautician for beauty treatment regularly, which can reduce daily grooming. This is a good idea, but you should pay attention to let your Chihuahua get used to this activity at a very young age, otherwise it will cause great pressure on them. Proper grooming also includes chihuahua's eyes. In order to keep your eyes clean, you should regularly drop some eye drops in Chihuahua's eyes and then gently wipe them with cotton. Because Chihuahua's eyes are prominent, the secretion of eyes is easy to form tears, which is very obvious for Chihuahua with light coat color. Eye drops can relieve or eliminate Chihuahua's tears. This work should be done 1 or twice a week. Finally, don't forget to trim and bathe your chihuahua tail. After all the above work is done, you can keep your Chihuahua glamorous for a long time.

Chihuahua coat: smooth, long hair.

We all have a basic impression of Chihuahua's appearance, but do you know? Chihuahuas have two main kinds of fur: smooth-haired Chihuahuas and long-haired Chihuahuas. Chihuahua with smooth fur and smooth and shiny coat; But wool is rougher than a long-haired chihuahua. Some Chihuahuas have thicker fur than others and have "undercoat". This perfect coat should be a layer of fur covering the whole body around the neck (ears and head are scarce), and the tail has a small amount of fur. Long-haired Chihuahua, the coat should be soft, smooth or slightly curly, with lovely fringed ears and rich tail hair. Their tails and feet are slightly feathered, and their hind legs should be covered with long hair. Chihuahuas with insufficient fur will be disqualified.

Many breeders have pointed out that long-haired chihuahuas are more gentle and elegant than short-haired chihuahuas (although some people disagree with this view). Generally, long-haired chihuahuas need to comb their hair more frequently than short-haired chihuahuas, and their breastpieces (commonly known as bibs) are very easy to get dirty and knotted. Hair near the buttocks, especially the anus, should be cleaned in time. In order to reduce the attachment of excrement and dirty things, it is best to cut the hair near the anus short. Or give them a bath often. No matter what kind of fur your Chihuahua has, regular grooming will keep their hair clean and tidy.

Chihuahua's health problems

Although Chihuahuas are generally healthy, they also have some special diseases to pay attention to, whether they are adults or young. This problem should be put on the agenda when the puppy 16 weeks is born. Chihuahua, due to excitement, maxillary defect, dust, pollen, cold air or tracheal problems, is easy to cause "inverted sneezing". It sounds like blowing, or barking like a goose, or breathing loudly. Another disease that Chihuahuas are prone to is hypoglycemia, because they are too small to store too much fat in their liver. This disease exists in both adult chihuahuas and puppies, and the incidence of puppies is higher. Chihuahuas, like people, need basic fatty acids. For example, omega-3 and omega-6 contribute to the growth of cell membranes in the body. Without them, the chemical function of the body can't work normally. Omega-6 is a fatty acid. Chihuahuas can't produce it by themselves, so make sure that their food contains an appropriate amount of Omega-6. If you want to judge whether your Chihuahua lacks essential fatty acids, you can check whether its skin will have large dandruff and whether its fur is dull, greasy or very fragile. If these phenomena occur, it is almost certain that your Chihuahua lacks these essential fatty acids.

Other phenomena that may be considered as fatty acids are: 1. Arthritis or symptoms similar to arthritis. Chronic itching 3. Dry nose. Skin has a rash. Coat No.6 gives off an unpleasant smell. Weakness 7. Heart and circulatory problems. Slow growth. Learning ability and vision decline 10. Kidney or liver problems 16544. Vigor 12. Male sterility 13. Abortion 14. Long-term depilation 15. Poor disease resistance.

Don't forget that Chihuahua is a very fat dog breed. In order to keep a perfect figure, they need a healthy diet, regular check-ups and regular walks; And need to be weighed regularly. Obesity is the main cause of coronary heart disease. If your Chihuahua is too fat, you will find that their health will deteriorate rapidly and their life span will be shortened a lot.

Because the puppy's immune system is not fully developed, it is easy to be infected with mites, parvovirus, myocarditis or coccidia. And if your puppy is not immune, it is easy to get infected by smelling the surrounding environment.