The application is a very strict recruitment, and the political orientation of the test questions cannot be biased: the test questions are very objective and are not allowed to be played at will, and the views and contents in the paper are conclusive and beyond reproach; The diversity of subjects and the standardization of answering questions make candidates have to have complete and effective methods to deal with them calmly. The following to * * * Sichuan Provincial Party Committee Organization Department. In May, 2002, Sichuan Provincial Personnel Department compiled Applied Theory as a model for sub-topic discussion.
Please use no more than 150 words to summarize the main problems reflected in the given materials.
(1) Understand the meaning of the question:
1, word limit: 150 words. The elastic limit can only be within 10%. In principle, neither too high nor too low will be deducted.
2. Expression: The answer is required to cover the main part of the full text, but the expression requires that the sentence be concise and not wordy. Generally, specific examples or figures are not directly quoted.
3. Scope limitation: it can only be summarized in a given material, and it is not allowed to jump out of the content delineated by the material, but can only be introduced or played at will.
4. Weighing: the main problem reflected, that is, the main facts or concepts expressed. When answering questions, don't dwell on details, but look at the overall situation, be far-sighted and grasp the main questions from a macro perspective. It can be considered that the main problem is the tendentiousness in the text, which determines or dominates the thinking tendency or ideological change in the text.
(2) Answer step:
1. Underline the main words and phrases in the text when reading. The main words and expressions generally do not include specific examples or figures, nor do they include statements that directly explain the content.
2. Analyze the underlined sentences again, remove the restrictive sentences and leave only their main components.
3. Organizing the remaining ten days in fluent language is the main problem reflected in the full text.
(3) the method of answering questions
A complete answer should mainly include three parts: summary sentence+clause+truth sentence.
1 refining of summary sentence: summary sentence, which highly summarizes the main problems of the full text. The sentence pattern is: this is a style about subject+event 1+ event 2+ event 3. Among them, the subject is the name of the main person or the name of the main unit involved in the article. Style refers to the genre of the given article, such as news reports, investigation reports, work summaries, speeches, cases, etc. Most of the time it is a case. Event 1 refers to the first action of the subject, which can also be understood as the first stage of the event. For a single article, there is only one core event, and only the event 1 is enough. For example, "this is a report about the debate on pure water advertising."
Clause: it is to express the contents of the total sentence item by item. According to the specific situation, the following methods can be adopted (Note: Because the answers to the "Shen Lun" exam are generally not objective, basically certain, and basically certain, the following methods only have different starting points, but the final answers should not be the same. This is the so-called all roads lead to the same goal. )
(1) link analysis method. This method can be used for those given materials with vertical structure, that is, articles with chronological order or logical deepening order. For example, the clause of the mock test (1) can be summarized as: "(This is a report reflecting the inflated price of drugs in the pharmaceutical industry. Manufacturers set their own prices, middlemen increase prices at different levels, doctors or hospitals prescribe high-priced drugs for their own interests, and patients buy high-priced drugs. " This is analyzed according to the four links of medical circulation.
(2) Participant analysis method. One thing may involve several parties. In clauses, we can answer questions about the behavior of all parties. For example, the sub-clause of the simulation question (6) can be summarized as 9 "(this is a successful case in which China 10 apple juice manufacturer was sued by the other party for anti-dumping. ) Low-priced apple products from China entered the US market, causing dissatisfaction from the US, which initiated anti-dumping investigation and prosecution. China actively responded to the lawsuit, gave full play to favorable factors, won the lawsuit, and protected the interests of apple juice producers in China. "This method is the easiest.
(3) Chain analysis. Sometimes, the events involved in a material are linked one after another, and there is obvious connection between the events, so the chain analysis method is applied. For example, the clause of the simulation test (7) can be summarized as: "(This is a survey report on the toy market in China. After the alliance of nine color TV enterprises in Shenzhen, the relevant state departments questioned this. Experts believe that price alliance is a disguised monopoly, and consumers are indifferent to it. The internal opinions of the alliance merchants are also inconsistent, which eventually leads to the failure of color TV price limit. "
(4) Type analysis. If a piece of material involves different kinds of people or things, it can be expressed in different categories. For example, the clause of the simulation test (9) can be summarized as: "This is a survey report on the toy market in China. The survey shows that China's toy consumption has immeasurable development potential. Parents are eager to buy more toys for their children, but the survey also shows that the adult toy market in China is basically blank and there are huge business opportunities. So far, there is no enterprise specializing in the production of finished toys. The development and sales of toys are oriented to adults and are a new hot spot of toys in the world. "
(5) keyword analysis. For a given material, if you feel that there is no place to summarize it, you can list the words that appear frequently in the text and then connect them with the facts or opinions in the text. This is of great help to beginners or people with poor psychological quality in exams. Personally, I estimate that there must be an objective evaluation standard if the evaluation of the application is to be objective and fair. So the objectivity of the answer should be relatively strong. Choose some first. Be sure to choose the right point, and lose less if you can. For example, the simulation test (8) first summarizes the summary sentence: This is a report about the competition for water by domestic pure water manufacturers such as Nongfu Spring. If you find it difficult, you can list the main words first, (Nongfu Spring,
Scientific experiment, pure water field from all over the country, counterattack, speculation, unfair competition law, investigation and punishment of standard pure water, nature, anti-unfair competition law, false advertising, science. In this way, after reading the full text and analyzing and thinking, we can extract the auxiliary sentence: "Nongfu Spring announced that it would no longer produce pure water, which tripped over pure water and caused the counterattack of major pure water manufacturers in the country. These pure water producers questioned the scientific experiment of Nongfu Spring, arguing that the speculation of Nongfu Spring was unfair competition. Please ask the national authorities to investigate and deal with this matter. It has aroused the concern and discussion of this issue from all walks of life. "
(6) Active square analysis. Generally speaking, given data is an internally contradictory event or idea. At this time, in order to ensure the breakthrough of our analysis, we can first determine who is the active party of the incident and express the problem from the perspective of the active party. But at this time, candidates need to express the event process from an objective and fair standpoint, and don't use qualitative words casually in the expression, so as not to lose their objective and fair position.
3. Truth. The basic sentence structure of the truth sentence is: "It tells (or reveals and reflects) the truth (or law, nature)." Look at the reference answers, some answers have reasonable sentences, and some answers have unreasonable sentences. I think, as candidates, in order to ensure foolproof, we should use concise language to express our understanding of the event or give people enlightenment. Truth sentences require candidates to have strong inductive analysis ability for given data, from which certain truths can be deduced. Of course, in a few cases, there are ready-made sentences in the text, which need careful analysis and identification by candidates.
Two, with no more than 350 words, put forward solutions to the problems reflected in the given information. It is necessary to explain in an orderly way, and it should be targeted and operable.
(1) Understand the meaning of the question:
1, word limit: 350 words, and elastic limit can only be within 10%. In principle, neither too high nor too low will be deducted.
2. Problem-solving object: propose a solution for the given material. The problem is within the given material, generally close, and rarely far.
3. Applicability. Because the civil servants recruited are talents who manage state affairs, all thoughts and ideas should be put forward from the perspective of the government. First, the plan should be practical, and second, it should be executable, not big and empty.
(2) Answer step:
1 According to the method mentioned above, briefly describe the main problems reflected in this paper. This is an important basis to ensure whether the countermeasures are targeted.
2 Look for the environment and conditions where the problem occurs. This is an important basis to ensure the feasibility of the solution to the problem.
According to the environment and conditions, put forward solutions from different angles or levels.
(3) Answer method:
1, layered method. Some problems can be solved from three levels: concept, system and specific behavior. When answering questions, you can generally follow this hierarchical arrangement: 1 change your ideas and change your existing ideas. . Ideas, by building. . Concept; 2. Establish a system ... (practical action)
2. Functional classification. Many mock exam questions are related to the law. Therefore, when answering such questions, the scheme can be divided into four aspects: enterprise or unit, government, law and individual. The usual ways are "what enterprises should do", "what governments should do", "what laws should do" and "what individuals should do".
3. Core element analysis method. Grasp the core elements and propose solutions. It should be noted that to solve human problems, it is generally necessary to put forward a plan from two aspects: concept and action. For example, the core element of "bumping into a white car" in the mock exam (2) is "people, cars and roads", so the solution is: 1 Improve the safety awareness of passers-by and supervise their actions (specific measures should be listed, such as strengthening traffic safety education, setting up traffic intersections and safety supervision posts, etc. ) .2 car owners must respect the lives of passers-by and cannot act without authorization because of legal authorization. If possible, they should try to avoid collisions. Road problems are mainly solved by the government. The government should build more roads (and list some specific methods, such as widening main roads, building bridges in traffic, repairing underground passages, or strictly managing some accident-prone intersections, etc. ).)
4. Participant analysis method. That is, what problems will be solved by two or more parties to an event. This method should avoid the practice of hitting 50 boards each, and put forward a solution according to the specific situation. This method is also the most acceptable to candidates, and candidates can practice this method more at ordinary times.
5. Focus problem analysis method. Finding the focus of the contradictory struggle and solving it is like solving the deadlock of the struggle. How does the mock exam (14) solve the problem of news exposure cases well? To solve this problem, we should proceed from the reality of law, government and news, and we can think about and propose solutions from both macro and micro aspects.
Third, the main problems reflected in the given information are discussed with self-made topics of about 1200 words. The center is clear, the content is substantial, and the discussion is profound and convincing.
(1) Understand the meaning of the problem;
L, style: argumentative. It is an article discussing things or reasons.
2. Discussion content: the main problems reflected in the given materials. Candidates are required to grasp the main questions in the application examination, because the recruited national civil servants must pay attention to balance when exercising state power. The most important thing to balance is to have a clear priority when considering problems and to weigh the pros and cons.
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The writing skills of civil servants' application and the conception methods of five types of argumentative essays
The idea of argumentative writing can be summarized as follows:
(A) Association method
Some things, talked about in isolation, are easy to be boring. If we expand the association, we can think of another thing related to it from this incident, highlight the characteristics of things, and explore the essence of things in their mutual connection. This will not only make the discussion deeper, but also make the thinking vivid and open.
In addition to ancient and modern associations, we can also carry out similar associations (with similar characteristics or essence), comparative associations (with opposite nature), causal associations, chain associations and so on.
(2) Classification
Seeing more abstract topics, it is difficult to discuss them in general terms. At this time, we can consider classifying the things to be discussed.
For example, the word "friendship" is no stranger to us, but it is difficult to discuss it in depth. At this time, we can classify different types of friendship, which can open our minds.
Friendship, according to different times, can be divided into Boya playing the piano and Taoyuan Jieyi, which reflect feudal ethics; The friendship of capitalist society with "Christian fraternity"; The revolutionary friendship of the proletariat is represented by Marx and Engels.
According to different purposes, it can be divided into friendship that benefits one or more people and friendship that benefits class, country and nation.
According to different nature, it can be divided into friendship established by mutual understanding in the struggle; In the process of eating, drinking and having fun together, we blow and pat each other to establish a "friendship."
According to different contents, it can be divided into friendships that help you when your work is frustrated and comfort you when your life is troubled; Give you a "friendship" when you are smooth sailing, and applaud you when you are complacent; Friendship of "sharing weal and woe, sharing life and death"; The "friendship" of "the advantage lies in fighting (stealing) and the bitterness lies in leaning (sinking)"; A friendship between gentlemen is as light as water; The friendship between villains is eloquent. ...
With classification, the content available for discussion suddenly enriched a lot. Classification not only opens your mind, but also allows you to see the depth of the problem. It can be seen that classification is a way to understand the essence of things from different angles and concretize those abstract topics.
(3) Analytic Hierarchy Process
It is a way of thinking in a distorted way by adding other ingredients to the topic. Some concepts are abstract, and if we only talk about this concept, it is easy to make the discussion vague and not in-depth. At this time, we can consider adopting the method of "step by step" to narrow the scope of discussion and make the article more and more in-depth.
Hierarchical methods can be divided into two ways: one is to add attributes. As the topic continues to add attributes, the ideas of the article will continue to develop, and the scope of discussion will continue to focus on a smaller scope. For example, on the topic of "Talking about Struggle", we can talk about "Struggle" in general on the first floor, "Youth Struggle" on the second floor, and "Youth Struggle in China in the 20th century" on the third floor. Another way is to expand the content of the topic and concretize an abstract topic, thus making the article more open-minded and comprehensive. For example, on the topic of learning, we can talk about "the purpose of learning" first, and then talk about "the interest in learning"; Talk about "the law of learning" again; Finally, talk about "learning methods" and so on.
Note that when using the hierarchical method, the argument should not be shifted in the first case, and the concept after adding elements in the second case can only be used as a sub-argument, so as not to cause the argument to be not concentrated.
(4) refinement method
That is, in the process of argument, the argument is clarified and explained, and the content of the proof argument contained in the argument is revealed more vividly and fully. We can open our minds in this way.
For example, Deng Tuo's "Don't Keep a Secret" quotes a sentence from Chen Shan, a native of the Southern Song Dynasty, in "A New Story of Ammonium Tick" to demonstrate that reading can't turn to "The Secret" and we must rely on our own efforts:
"Read in and out. When you start, you should look for it, and then you should look for it. See xian Si Qi, this into calligraphy; Very useful. It's calligraphy. I can't get into the book, I don't know the intentions of the ancients; If you can't publish a book, you will die in words. Only when you know what you know, you have to do your best to study. "
Then the author made the following explanation:
Looking at this passage from the current perspective, you may think that his views are very common. However, we should know that Chen Shan was born in the Xichun period of the Southern Song Dynasty, that is, in the second half of the12nd century. At that time, he was able to put forward such a clear idea, which was also a valuable person. He advocates reading living books instead of dead books, that is, knowing what he has learned; We should understand the spirit and essence of ancient works, instead of memorizing some words. That is to say, we should understand that ancient people were cautious and should not die in words. Not only that, he also opposed the tendency to read for the sake of reading. He advocates that reading should be practical and flexible, which is the so-called "thoroughness". Don't you think his idea is anti-dogmatic? In the past, few people paid attention to his thought, because his reputation was far less than that of Zhu and others, but he put forward this idea based on his own reading experience, which I think is still worth recommending.
The author illustrates his point of view by explaining a passage in classical Chinese. We can also explain some incomprehensible viewpoints to make them clear and prominent.
(5) Rebound Pipa Method
For some seemingly conclusive problems, if you analyze them carefully, you will find that they may not be appropriate. This requires us to take out the spirit of breaking the old and creating the new, overthrow the traditional views and put forward new ones. This method of creating new ideas by reverse thinking is called "rebound pipa method", which can break old ideas and produce new ones.
For example, "Those who approach Mexico are black, those who approach Zhu Zhechi are black" is a famous saying that has been circulated for thousands of years. This seems to be an unchangeable truth. If you study it carefully, you will find that this view is intended to emphasize the influence of environment on people, but external factors always work through internal factors. Therefore, under certain conditions, this sentence is wrong and has certain limitations. In this way, we can write an article like "Those who are close to Mexico are not necessarily black" to clarify our point of view: everyone should strengthen their self-cultivation, so that the mud and sand are not stained, and they are clear and white.
However, when you use the rebound pipa method, you should be careful not to deliberately be unconventional without factual basis. This is not an innovation of ideas, but a grandstanding.