Juvenile delinquency is a social problem facing all countries in the world today. Some people call it "the three major public hazards in the world" alongside environmental pollution and drug abuse and drug trafficking. According to statistics, the crime growth rate in China 10 has exceeded 24% (regardless of the factors that will raise the filing standard since 1992). According to official statistics, the proportion of juvenile delinquency is 1 980-1989. 14-25 crime rate has remained above 70%. During the 10 year since 190, this proportion has decreased, but it has remained at around 65%. (2) Among them, 15 and 16 years old juvenile crimes account for more than 70% of the total number of juvenile crimes. We often see reports about juvenile delinquency in newspapers, magazines and other news media, many of which are appalling and serious cases.
The problem of juvenile delinquency has always been highly valued by relevant departments and party and state leaders in China. (3) China has also promulgated and implemented the Law on the Protection of Minors, the Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency and other laws and regulations. It can be said that the prevention of juvenile delinquency has achieved certain results and effects. However, it is still necessary and realistic to further explore preventive countermeasures in light of the new social reality and the characteristics and causes of juvenile delinquency.
According to the topic selection arrangement of the Criminal Law Business Committee of the Provincial Lawyers Association, the author talks about some superficial views on this topic in order to seek advice from colleagues.
First, the concept and characteristics of juvenile delinquency
(A) the concept of juvenile delinquency
Juvenile delinquency is mainly classified according to people's physiological age. In the relevant legal documents of our country, the concept of "teenagers" is not clearly defined. As far as its meaning is concerned, "juvenile" refers to both youth and juveniles. "Youth" refers to the age group from 15 to 30 years old, and "juvenile" refers to the age group from 10 to 15 years old. (4) Theoretical circles have narrow and broad definitions of juvenile delinquency.
The narrow concept of juvenile delinquency refers to the definition of juvenile delinquency from the perspective of criminal law. Generally speaking, it refers to the behavior that people in the age of 14-25 should be punished according to law. (5) From 14, China began to investigate criminal responsibility. The broad concept of juvenile delinquency is defined from the perspective of criminology. Some scholars believe that it refers to criminal acts committed by people aged 6-25, illegal acts against public security management and bad acts against moral norms. (6) This definition extends corrective behavior to illegal behavior and bad behavior (immoral behavior or behavior that may lead to crime) from the perspective of crime prevention, and lowers the lower limit of this age group. There are different opinions about this lower limit. Some scholars have suggested that it should be set at 10 years old. The reason is that, from the experience, juvenile offenders generally start to commit crimes at the age of 10- 12, 13 and 14, and enter the first crime peak at the age of 17. In this way, we can conduct targeted crime prevention research. Therefore, it is pointed out that juvenile delinquency refers to the behavior with serious social harm committed by people aged 10 to 25. (7) The author agrees with this. This concept includes/kloc-juvenile crimes under 0/8 years old and/kloc-juvenile crimes over 0/8 years old but under 25 years old. The former should be consistent with the scope of "juvenile delinquency" stipulated in the criminal law, but "juvenile delinquency" is an accurate legal concept, while "juvenile delinquency" is a broad sociological and criminological concept; The latter's "juvenile delinquency" also refers to young adult criminals.
(B) the characteristics of juvenile delinquency
Crime is an inevitable social phenomenon. Some anthropologists hit the nail on the head: "To some extent, when a civilization tends to a higher or perhaps more valuable goal, the greater the possibility of social deviance." (8) "Since any country takes modernization as its social goal, no matter what its social personality is, I'm afraid it can't escape the negative impact brought by modernization." (9) China is in a period of social transition from a planned economy to a socialist market economy, so it is not surprising that there are serious crimes. We treat juvenile delinquency in the same way. In addition to the negative impact of the aforementioned social environment, teenagers' own common physiological and psychological characteristics (such as increased physiological needs, sexual maturity, psychological immaturity, emotional impulsiveness, imitation, curiosity, etc.). ), as well as the objective situation that the age structure of China's population is generally younger (10), juvenile delinquency accounts for a higher proportion in the whole criminal cases in China. In view of this criminal phenomenon, we should explore and summarize the characteristics of juvenile delinquency:
1, * * * commit crimes together, and gang crimes with the nature of "gangster" tend to increase.
This is determined by the characteristics of young teenagers, immature thinking and strong dependence. They are often timid when committing crimes, and always feel that one person is weak in committing crimes, so they gather many people to form a "criminal atmosphere", which can not only encourage each other, but also cooperate with each other. It is reported that in September this year, the Shushan District Court of Hefei City, Anhui Province tried a robbery case. 18 of the defendants, only one is 19 years old, and the rest are minors, the youngest is 15 years old. This is a group of children wandering in the city. As soon as there was no money, several people got together and fled to the street. People rush in, fight first and then rob. (1 1) What's more, in recent years, teenagers have been forming criminal gangs with feudal gang color and underworld nature, engaging in illegal and criminal activities such as fighting, provoking troubles, insulting women, robbing and extorting money, and some even dominate one side. 200 1 A bloody case occurred in a city park in the north. A teenager as young as 14 years old was badly beaten with his hands tied. Dig up a criminal gang after solving the case. There are 32 people in this gang, the oldest 16 years old and the youngest 12 years old. They established "Hero Gang", "Dragon Gang" and "Death Squad", including "Boss", "Strategist" and "Fighter". The juvenile "underworld" appeared! ( 12)
2. There are many serious crimes, and the means of committing crimes are brutal and ferocious, often regardless of the consequences.
Teenagers are in the stage of growth and development, with rapid physical development, but slow psychological development, immature thinking and easy to go astray. But also vulnerable to external infection, stimulation, emotional impulse, and go to extremes. These people either kill people, seriously injure them, rob them violently, or rape them. Their criminal methods are bad and they are crazy to some extent. For example, it is reported that a girl of 17 years old in Shanghai hacked her mother to death last year because of her strict discipline. In Japan, at the beginning of 200 1, two students in a middle school in Kanagawa Prefecture, dissatisfied with the teacher's patient persuasion, even began to "repair" eight teachers 1 hour, resulting in two teachers' jaw fractures and a pregnant female teacher almost having a miscarriage. Not long after, a middle school student in northwest Japan was dissatisfied with the teacher's reprimand and stabbed the teacher ten times after school, resulting in the teacher's tragic death. ( 13)
3. There are many sudden crimes, and the motive and purpose of committing crimes are relatively simple, which has certain blindness.
Because teenagers are young, have little social experience, consider problems relatively simply, have simple criminal motives, rarely plan, and commit more sudden crimes. The author once represented Zheng XX in the case of intentional homicide (the case occurred on1August, 1999 15). It was only because they had an altercation while playing billiards that Zheng XX took out his dagger and stabbed the victim four times in a row, causing his death. The author also undertook a robbery case of Li Moumou. Li Xxx is a high school student, who usually performs well in class and study. One day when he was playing billiards, he just took it out on a student from another school because he was following a classmate. In the process of hitting people, the principal took out more than 30 yuan. As a result, Li Xxx was sentenced to five years in prison for being an accessory to robbery.
4. The criminal is an adult, smart and young.
In juvenile delinquency, many criminal means are adult and many are intelligent crimes. We once handled a rape case. All three defendants were minors, and one was only 15 years old, but he was very "sophisticated" in handling the rape case of a ballroom dancer. It is also reported that on February 8, 20001year, the Criminal Investigation Brigade of Haidian District Public Security Bureau of Beijing received a report from an information technology company in this city. When the company paid the internet access fee, it found that the online account of Beijing Telegraph Bureau 163 was stolen, resulting in a cumulative loss of more than 400,000 yuan. After careful investigation by the public security department, Lu Mou, the first hacker in this city, was finally arrested. (14) In fact, many "experts" who are doing viruses now are teenagers. Moreover, the younger age of crime is also more prominent. Children aged 65,438+03,65,438+04 often kill people with knives, and the age of committing crimes is getting younger and younger.
5. Judging from the educational reform of juvenile delinquency, it is repetitive and the recidivist crime rate rises.
Teenagers are imitative and learn to commit crimes quickly. Exactly: "If you are near Zhu Zhechi, you will be black, if you are near Mexico". Teenagers who break the law and commit crimes have strong plasticity and are easy to reform, but they also have great repeatability. The "cross-infection" between detention centers and prisons has enabled them to learn more criminal "techniques", from the previous "single-handedness" to "versatility", with greater courage and stronger anti-investigation ability. I'm afraid this is an important reason why serious and malignant cases among teenagers continue to occur and the juvenile crime rate remains high.
Second, the causes of juvenile delinquency
Crime has broad and narrow reasons. The broad concept refers to the criminal cause system that can cause the occurrence of criminal acts and the existence and change of criminal phenomena according to the level, intensity and mechanism of various criminal factors. In a narrow sense, the concept refers to the phenomenon and process that is in the criminal cause system and has relatively rough criminal power, which can cause the occurrence of criminal results and the change of criminal phenomena relatively independently. (15) but "criminal behavior is the expression of a series of factors, which are both individual and influenced by the surrounding environment, and they are intertwined. If we look at these factors in isolation, we will definitely distort their essence. " (16) "Any isolated decisive factor that leads to crime cannot happen. Crime must not only have many decisive factors that lead to crime, but also have certain environmental conditions and personal personality characteristics, especially the huge differences between different types of crimes. " (17) The process of juvenile delinquency is the result of the interaction of bad subjective and objective factors. We should comprehensively analyze various factors that lead to juvenile delinquency and explore scientific and effective countermeasures to prevent juvenile delinquency.
(A) their own reasons
There are two reasons for juvenile delinquency: internal and external. The "self-cause" mentioned here is the internal cause, and the family, school and social reasons to be discussed later are the external causes. The quality of teenagers is the key to decide whether they commit crimes or not. Some teenagers have low quality and poor resistance. Their incorrect world outlook, outlook on life and values, their bad hobbies and conduct of idleness, idleness and much ado about nothing, their personality defects, naive psychology, their life needs and personal dignity are not satisfied, and their legal concept is lacking. Once influenced and stimulated by external factors, it is easy to embark on the road of crime.
(2) Family reasons
Parents are children's first teachers, and family is the first class in life. The defect of family education is the basis for children to form bad characters, just as the ancients said: "It is the father's fault to raise but not teach." There are several main reasons for this: First, parents are not well educated and will not care. When something goes wrong, they often add sticks together, lacking patience and meticulous persuasion and education; Second, parents can't control children's long-term bad habits, because they didn't start from early education and managed it too late; Third, parents lose confidence in their children and are unwilling to take care of them and let nature take its course. Fourth, after the parents divorced, the children were left unattended, and they neglected or had no time to take care of their children, making them stray into society; Fifth, parents' own bad behavior directly affects their children, making them imitate their parents, petty theft and fighting. People summed up a sentence: "The problem family comes from problem of juvenile", which really makes sense! As mentioned above, I took over three cases of minor rape. The three defendants' families divorced and their sexual orientation was lack of care for their children. In the process of court education, all three parents cried and said that they were sorry for their children and should strengthen their care and education in the future.
(3) School reasons
School education is very important for the growth of teenagers. Improper school education methods are an important factor that leads some teenagers to flow to society and embark on the road of crime. The problems existing in school education now mainly include:
1, the guiding ideology of one-sided pursuit of enrollment rate.
Although China has already established the educational policy of "all-round development of morality, intelligence and physique", it also has a fine tradition of "teaching and educating people"; However, many schools still have a serious one-sided pursuit of enrollment rate. The quality of education in a place, a school, the achievements of a school leader and the level of a teacher should be measured and reflected by the "enrollment rate". Schools can be divided into fast classes and slow classes. Students who study well are often favored and can eat small stoves, while students who study poorly are discriminated against and excluded. Therefore, the gap is widening. Once a good student fails in the exam, he feels hopeless in the future and is afraid of losing everything; Poor students fall into depravity and are tired of learning and drop out of school, both of which are prone to problems. Once it flows to the society and is induced and influenced by bad factors, it will commit illegal and criminal acts.
2. Lack of careful consideration of students' punishment, giving up education after punishment.
Punishing students who violate school rules and regulations is a means to educate and save students. If used well, it can play a warning and deterrent role for students with bad behavior, so that they dare not commit crimes again. If it is not used well, it will make the punished students feel pessimistic and negative, and then give up on themselves and go further and further on the evil road, thus sliding into the quagmire of crime. 18-year-old gangster Wang Hai said in his self-report: "Once I was late for class, the teacher punished me for holding a brick in the corner of the classroom. I was so angry that I smashed it on the desk. The teacher kicked me when he came up, and I got into a fight with him. In this way, I was punished by the school My days of studying hard are over. I mix with those naughty students and make trouble all day. " ( 18)
3. Lack of legal education or a mere formality.
The lack of ideological and moral education and legal education for teenagers in schools is an important factor that cannot be ignored in juvenile delinquency. Many young students don't know what is illegal and criminal, lack legal knowledge, and don't understand the law, let alone obey the law. In the robbery case of Liu X handled by the author some time ago, the defendant Liu X forced other students to ask for money at the school gate and Internet cafes to meet their online consumption. He thinks these are trivial matters and have nothing to do with crime.
Social reasons
The influence of social unhealthy phenomena on teenagers can not be ignored. Now people say "yellow", "gray", "black" and "tricolor pollution" are especially harmful to teenagers!
1, the "yellow pollution" in the cultural market.
Low-level vulgar culture will infringe and corrode people's souls. At present, in the cultural market, audio-visual products of books and newspapers are full of unhealthy contents such as feudal superstition, murder violence, obscenity and pornography, which has caused serious pollution to social culture. Among them, "yellow pollution" is the most serious corrosion to teenagers. China's Law on the Protection of Minors (Article 23) clearly stipulates: "Relevant competent departments and operators shall take measures to prevent minors from entering commercial dance halls and other places unsuitable for minors' activities. "However, some bosses of game halls, dance halls, video halls and Internet cafes covet immediate interests, which causes some teenagers to indulge in this, their minds are poisoned, their ideals are seriously distorted, and they gradually embark on the road of crime to meet advanced consumption and sensory stimulation. The author once handled a case of Zhao XXX raping a young girl. Zhao XXX was only 15 years old, so she "spoiled" and raped eight girls. The youngest of these girls is only 4 years old, and the oldest is only 1 1 year old. Zhao XXX is young, but he is innovative and cruel. These are all learned from watching pornographic videos. The owner of the video hall he frequented was also sentenced for this case. As a middle school principal lamented, "an hour's classroom education is not worth a shot in the video hall" and "a teacher's painstaking talk for a day is not worth a trip to the student bookstall".
2. "Grey pollution" represented by corruption.
The influence of corruption on the next generation can not be underestimated. Abuse of power for personal gain, corruption and bribery, and the use of the back door to pull relationships have also exposed some teenagers. Influenced by the family environment, they believe that "power is greater than law" and rely on their own family strength to commit crimes. Some do whatever they want, unbridled!
3. "Black pollution" with underworld violent crimes.
In recent years, there have been more and more triad cases in China. Although some specific publicity reports have a positive effect on legal education, the publicity descriptions are too detailed, which makes some teenagers imitate, talk about "brotherhood", bow their heads and form alliances, fight and fight, and endanger society. In this regard, examples have been given above. Some experts said, "With the growth of age, this unhealthy juvenile gang can easily develop into a triad force." ( 19)
(5) Judicial reasons
This paper mainly talks about the defects of the criminal legal system and the problems existing in its implementation, as well as the factors that lead to crimes by the reform measures for criminals.
1. Criminal procedure system and problems in its implementation.
It should be said that China's revised criminal procedure law has taken a big step towards democratization and legalization, but there are still some gaps and problems that need to be further improved. For example, the problem of "right to silence", the limitation and perfection of detention measures, and so on. In addition, there are still "long-standing problems" such as "extorting confessions by torture", "meeting lawyers" and "prolonged detention" in the implementation of the Criminal Procedure Law. All these may make those who are unfairly treated and prosecuted for bending the law have rebellious mentality, and then resist or even be hostile to society. For teenagers, this kind of psychology is more likely to appear. Therefore, it is more important to strengthen the protection of the rights of juvenile suspects and defendants and minimize their detention.
2. "Cross infection" in prison.
After long-term research and discussion by criminologists, the conclusion of the crime of "prison" should be affirmative. As contemporary French criminologists have pointed out: "To be sure, the sad situation of imprisonment in some countries, including France and the United States, has verified the conclusion that prison is a crime." (20) Japanese criminologists pointed out after research: "At present, prison labor in China uses a very small amount of bonuses to restrain prisoners' bodies ... its actual intention is only to avoid and prevent prisoners from escaping. In this case, it is impossible to improve and reform criminals. Now, two-thirds of people who have been in prison have become recidivists and returned to prison. " (2 1) The "cross-infection" effect of prisons on juvenile delinquency is more prominent, because their resistance is weaker and their imitation ability is stronger. We should pay full attention to this.
Third, measures to prevent juvenile delinquency
It is generally believed that crime prevention is an active system that integrates various forces, uses various means and takes various measures to prevent and reduce crimes and recidivism. (22) This is a broad concept of crime prevention. The concept of contemporary criminology pays more attention to "prevention", that is, taking targeted measures before committing crimes as preventive activities, that is, paying more attention to "nip in the bud". This is also based on the original intention of "prevention". The basic meaning of "prevention" in Chinese is "prevention in advance" (23); In English, "prevention" also means "prevention" and "obstruction" (24). This is the concept of "prevention" in a narrow sense: "It refers to all kinds of measures and behaviors whose sole or main purpose is to eliminate or limit the possibility of criminal acts." (25) In fact, the author believes that the basic criminal policy of prevention and treatment by groups and comprehensive management that China has been implementing is correct. We should not only pay attention to the prevention before committing a crime, but also ignore the treatment after committing a crime, so as to prevent committing a crime again.
Juvenile delinquency is a social problem with many reasons, which can be said to be a social "syndrome". We should rely on the strength of the whole society to carry out comprehensive management. As the United Nations Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency (Article 2) put forward: the successful prevention of juvenile delinquency requires the efforts of the whole society; China's Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency (Article 3) also clearly points out: "To prevent juvenile delinquency, comprehensive management should be implemented under the leadership of people's governments at all levels." In view of the above analysis of the causes of juvenile delinquency, try to sum up the following preventive countermeasures:
(1) Self-prevention
Strengthening the cultivation and improvement of self-quality and increasing the ability to resist criminal infection should be the fundamental measures to prevent juvenile delinquency. Although they are still in the stage of poor discrimination and self-control, they still have a certain ability to distinguish truth, goodness, beauty from falsehood, ugliness and ugliness. It is necessary to cultivate their concept of abiding by laws and regulations and social morality, establish a correct world outlook and outlook on life, as well as a sense of self-esteem, self-discipline and self-improvement, enhance their ability to distinguish right from wrong and protect themselves, and consciously resist the temptation and infringement of various bad behaviors and illegal and criminal acts. Of course, this needs to combine family prevention with school prevention to produce good results.
(2) Family prevention
Family is the cell of society, so we should start with family to curb juvenile delinquency. 1980 the relevant materials of the third United nations conference on crime prevention and treatment of criminals pointed out that "the family is the most important force affecting the lives of teenagers in all countries" and "the family is the most effective social control medium." Family education is the basic form of education and an important part of the whole education system. It is the responsibility and obligation of parents to educate their children. It is parents' dereliction of duty to raise children without teaching, and it is parents' sin to teach children badly. A family's environment, parents' educational methods, moral concepts and behavioral norms all directly affect children's growth and play a subtle role in the formation of children's good conduct. A harmonious family, coupled with proper education of parents, can cultivate children to develop good living habits, shape a correct world outlook and outlook on life, and thus effectively prevent their criminal psychology and behavior.
To do a good job in family prevention, we should mainly do the following aspects:
1. Improve parents' own quality and optimize family environment.
Parents should always pay attention to their words and deeds and hobbies and set an example for their children. At the same time, this is also the work that relevant social departments need to do. To improve the quality of marriage and strengthen parents' self-cultivation, we should not only improve their scientific and cultural knowledge, but also teach them the methods of cultivating and educating their children.
2, pay attention to family education methods, teach students according to their aptitude.
Parents' improper educational methods and excessive indulgence not only fail to teach well, but push their children astray. There are many examples and profound lessons. Wuhan/kloc-Xu, a 0/6-year-old boy who loves to play online games, picked up a kitchen knife and cut it at his sleeping mother in order to ask for 8000 yuan. Mother was cut 6 times in the face and waist (saved from danger). When he fled the scene, his mother chased him and shouted, "Hey, put on your sweater, don't freeze!" " (26) poor inheritance! This is the bitter fruit of connivance. As parents, we should not only care about children's food, clothing, housing and transportation, but also pay attention to teaching them how to behave, and constantly observe and understand what they are thinking, doing, caring about and who to make friends with. We should communicate with them equally, be more considerate and less reprimanded. More love, less indifference; Be more understanding and less bossy. For children who make mistakes, they should be given the warmth of their families, and they should never be abandoned and left to their own devices.
3. If the teacher is not effective, he should bear the corresponding responsibility.
Article 23 of China's Marriage Law stipulates: "Parents have the right and obligation to protect and educate their minor children." China's Law on the Protection of Minors and the Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency also stipulate parents' educational obligations to their minor children and their responsibilities to prevent juvenile delinquency, but they do not stipulate that parents should bear severe administrative responsibilities or even criminal responsibilities due to poor education. Article 49 of China's Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency only stipulates: "If a minor's parents or other guardians fail to perform their guardianship duties and indulge the minor's bad behavior or serious bad behavior stipulated in this law, the public security organ shall admonish the minor's parents or other guardians and order them to be strictly disciplined." "Make it strictly disciplined", but what should I do regardless of teaching? Especially children whose parents are divorced (and have formed a new family). The law should increase administrative responsibilities such as "detention" and "fine" for failing to teach children well, and criminal responsibility can be investigated if the circumstances are serious. In Britain, there is a practice that "children play truant and parents go to jail". A mother was sentenced to 60 days in prison for her daughter's frequent truancy. After her appeal, she was sentenced to 30 days in prison, although her sentence was halved. (27) At the18th meeting of the 9th the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), some members suggested that a penalty clause should be added to parents' legal responsibilities for juvenile delinquency, so as to urge parents to educate their children well. (28) It seems necessary to improve legislation in this field.
(3) school prevention
As an extension of the family, school plays a vital role in the growth education of teenagers and the prevention of juvenile delinquency. The United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Division wrote in Article 10 of the Compilation of Comprehensive Crime Prevention Measures: "Schools have a great influence on teenagers, and children have spent many years in various institutions established to meet their educational and social needs. … Schools can provide opportunities to advocate social equality, cultural diversity and personal intimacy, and help teenagers acquire moral standards, social skills and civic responsibilities. More specifically, schools can guide students to understand their civic obligations, the nature of crimes, the importance of observing discipline, the consequences of crimes, the work of the criminal justice system and the methods of preventing crimes. " If a person can get a good education in adolescence, then he may become a noble-minded person who is beneficial to the country and society; Otherwise, if the school education is bad or unfavorable, he may go astray and even commit crimes. In my opinion, school education should mainly do the following:
1, correct the guiding ideology of running a school and do a good job in quality education and moral education.
"Schools should fully implement the national education policy and provide moral education, intellectual education, physical education, aesthetic education, labor education, social life guidance and adolescent education for underage students." (Article 13 of the Law on the Protection of Minors 1) It is necessary to completely change the long-standing guiding ideology and practice of "one-sided pursuit of enrollment rate" and truly realize the transformation from "examination-oriented education" to "quality education". The school's duty is to "preach, teach and dispel doubts". "Preaching" comes first. Schools should attach importance to the education of students' ideology, morality, outlook on life and world outlook, and cultivate students with sound personality and good conduct to be a noble person; Then there is "solving doubts in class", imparting all kinds of knowledge and enhancing the ability to serve the society in the future. It is extremely wrong to "teach" but not "pass on". Special attention should be paid to the education of "underachievers" and "double-poor students" In this regard, the second paragraph of Article 13 of China's Law on the Protection of Minors clearly stipulates: "Students with shortcomings in conduct and difficulties in learning should be patiently educated and helped without discrimination." Generally speaking, these are only temporary "differences" in some aspects, and do not represent comprehensive and eternal differences. After careful work and education, they are likely to become "high flyers" and become people who are beneficial to society or pillars of the country in the future.
2. Strive to improve teachers' quality, especially pay attention to teachers' political quality and moral cultivation.
"Be a teacher"! Teachers' exemplary role and influence on students are very great, and some influences are lifelong benefits. There are many examples of this. In order to make students understand the law, teachers must study the law first, and in order to make students become good people, teachers must become good people first, that is, "those who educate people must be taught first." This requires training a team of high-quality teachers. China has begun to implement the teacher qualification examination system, so we should boldly improve the teacher system so that teachers can enter and leave, and those with poor quality who can't be "teachers" should be eliminated in time; Teachers who discriminate against students and often punish students should be punished by hell to pay until they are investigated for criminal responsibility.
We should do a good job in the legal education of students.
Schools, especially primary and secondary schools, should take law courses as compulsory courses and equip them with specialized law teachers. They should not only do a good job in classroom teaching, but also use their spare time to carry out colorful legal education activities for students. The author, as a lecturer of Sanmenxia City's Lecturer Group on Governing the City by Law, was invited to give a lecture on the legal system to teenagers at school, and explained it in combination with his own case and the actual life of teenagers, which received good results. Through these legal education, the majority of young people can understand their rights and obligations, know what behaviors are advocated by society and allowed by law, what behaviors are prohibited by law and what behaviors are illegal, and be aware of, understand and abide by the law.
(4) Social prevention
Social prevention mainly refers to purifying the social environment, creating a good social environment conducive to the physical and mental health of teenagers, mobilizing social forces, and strengthening the education and protection of teenagers in order to control and reduce juvenile delinquency. Achieve the following aspects:
1. Intensify the crackdown and purify the social environment for the healthy growth of teenagers.
We should take practical and effective measures to prevent the infection and infringement of "yellow", "gray" and "black" on young people, and resolutely ban pornographic and violent voices.