1. Introduce yourself

Introduce yourself as the opening remarks of the defense, including name, student number and major. When introducing yourself, be generous, calm, smile and polite to leave a good impression on the defense team members. A good beginning means half the battle.

2. Statement of the defendant

Receiving an effective self-introduction is only the beginning of this defense, and the following self-introduction is the right track. The main contents of the readme file are summarized as follows:

(1) Title of the paper. Reporting the title of the thesis to the defense team marks the official start of the defense.

(2) Briefly introduce the background of the project, the reasons for choosing this project and the current development of the project.

(3) Describe the specific content of related topics in detail, including respondents' viewpoints, research process, experimental data and results.

(4) Focus on the research module, specific work, solutions and research results of the respondents in this topic.

(5) Pay attention to innovation. This part should be the most important, and it is the place that the defense teacher is more interested in.

(6) Conclusion, value and prospect. Analyze the research results and draw a conclusion; Theoretical value, practical value and economic value of new achievements; Looking forward to the development prospect of this topic.

(7) self-evaluation. Respondents' evaluation of their research work requires objectivity, seeking truth from facts and modesty. After participating in graduation design and thesis writing, what are the improvements in professional level, what are the progress, the limitations, shortcomings and experiences of the research.

3. Questions and answers

The teacher's questions are arranged after the respondent's self-report, which is a more flexible link in the defense. Question and answer is a process of mutual communication. Generally speaking, there are three questions, which are asked in the order from shallow to deep, and the respondents answer them on the spot.

The defense teacher's questions are within the scope of the paper, and there are generally no digressions. Asking questions focuses on the core part of the paper, which usually allows respondents to discuss the key issues in detail and clarify them in depth. The defense teacher will also ask the respondent to explain the unclear places in the self-report. The loopholes not mentioned in the paper are also frequently asked by the defense team. Then there are obvious mistakes in the paper, which may be due to the respondent's nervousness, leading to a slip of the tongue, or the respondent never realized that if this happens, don't be nervous, stay calm and think carefully before answering. There is also a judgment topic, that is, the defense teacher deliberately asks questions from the wrong angle, requiring the respondent to always keep a clear head, be highly concentrated and answer correctly.

Listen carefully to the teacher's questions and think carefully before organizing the language. Answering questions requires clear thinking, strict logic, completeness and comprehensiveness, and prominent focus. If you didn't hear the question clearly, please reply to the teacher again with sincerity and courtesy.

When you really can't answer a question, don't worry, you can ask the defense teacher to give you a hint. The defense teacher will change the questioning strategy for the respondents and adopt heuristic and guided questions to reduce the difficulty of the questions.

If there is a controversial point of view, the respondent can discuss it with the respondent's teacher, but pay special attention to manners. Defense itself is a very serious matter. You must not quarrel with the defense teacher. Debate should be conducted in a civilized way.

summary

The above procedures have been completed one by one, and the representative's defense is coming to an end. Finally, the respondent made a concluding statement by watching the whole process of defense, including two aspects: the experience of graduation design and thesis writing; Gains from participating in the defense. The defense teacher will also comment on the performance of the respondent: achievements, shortcomings and suggestions.

thank you

Thank the people who helped in the graduation design thesis and thank the defense teacher politely.

Preventive measures for defense

(1) Overcome nervousness, anxiety and uneasiness, and be confident that you can successfully pass the defense.

(2) Pay attention to self-cultivation and be polite to guests. Whether listening to the teacher's questions or answering them, you should be polite.

(3) Understand the meaning of the question, grasp the main idea of the question, understand the purpose and intention of the defense teacher, fully understand the root of the question, and then answer to avoid irrelevant answers.

(4) If you really don't understand a problem, ask the teacher humbly. Try to get the teacher's prompt and handle it skillfully. Face difficulties with a positive attitude, think and answer seriously, and don't give up on yourself.

(5) Speak at a moderate speed, neither too fast nor too slow. Too fast will make the members of the defense team unable to hear clearly, and too slow will make the defense teacher feel that the respondent is unfamiliar with this issue.

(6) Don't mention uncertain views and opinions in your defense.

(7) Whether talking about yourself or answering questions, we should pay attention to proper limit. Emphasize key points and outline details; Talk more about the in-depth research, and it is best to avoid not talking or talking less about the in-depth research.

(8) Under normal circumstances, questions will be asked in the order from easy to deep and from easy to difficult.

(9) Respondents' answer time is generally limited to a certain period of time, and it is not necessary to expand in detail unless the respondent's teacher particularly emphasizes the requirement for expansion. Answer the main content and central idea directly, remove the details, be concise and lively, and go straight to the point.

Answer frequently asked questions

In the defense, teachers of several related majors usually ask some questions according to students' design entities and papers, and at the same time listen to students' personal explanations to understand the authenticity and familiarity of students' graduation design; Examine students' adaptability and knowledge; Listen to students' understanding of the development prospect of the project.

Frequently asked questions are classified as follows:

(1) Identify the authenticity of the paper and check whether it was written independently by the respondent;

(2) Test the depth and breadth of respondents' knowledge;

(3) Issues that are not clearly stated in the paper, but are particularly important to this topic;

(4) About the wrong views in the paper;

(5) Issues related to the background and development of the project;

(6) the prospect and development of the project;

(7) About the unique creativity in the paper;

(8) Basic theories and knowledge related to this discipline;

(9) Extensibility related to the project.

Graduation defense must see ppt slide summary

First, the template of the slide.

Let's give readers a brief introduction to the skills of using slide templates.

1. Selection of page size

This is the first step in choosing a slide template (many people have never used this setting). Open File → Page Setup → Select Slide Size. The default setting is the screen size, which can be changed as needed. For example, a 35mm page is wider than the default page.

2. General template for slides

You can find many commonly used templates through search engines, especially the Office XP series. Because different color schemes can be selected for the same template (right-click on the page → "Slide Color Matching"), there are many choices. However, users will also find that there are too few favorite templates, which are frequently used by others and lack creativity.

Make your own template

Because templates can be edited, it is not difficult to design a unique template. First, select a slide template, and then select Menu View → Master. There are generally two styles: title master and text master. At this time, many things that cannot be changed in normal view can be edited, and even the color of the text can be edited uniformly. For example, if you want each slide to have its own school badge, just insert it directly into the motherboard. The above operation is not complicated, but it is relatively difficult to design a brand-new template. The author's strategy is to find a favorite template, and then make some changes, it looks different.

4. Return to simple template

If you do more slides, you won't like fancy templates. Because the template is too fancy, it will affect the expression process and make the audience pay too much attention to the template, thus ignoring the actual content to be expressed in the slide. In addition, choosing an unused template is also risky. If you have no experience in color matching and the color of the computer has not been corrected, the display on the computer screen will be very different from that on the projector screen. Especially if the background color is similar to the text color, the effect will be poor in very bright places. If it is a defense or academic report, it is recommended to choose simple and clear slides, which can show a serious academic atmosphere.

5. Basic requirements of templates

(1) Try to choose templates with the same background color, and at least keep the same color in the text or pictures. If two or more background colors are used, the contrast is large, and the color matching of the text is difficult to coordinate and looks too fancy.

(2) The color of the text or picture should not be too close to the background color, and there should be a certain contrast. For example, with the blue sky and white clouds as the background, the words on the white clouds are not clearly displayed. At the same time, try not to have more than three colors in a slide, and don't have multiple colors under a theme. Sometimes, for emphasis, using multiple colors in a sentence can give people a harsh feeling.

(3) The color matching of the whole slide should be consistent. For example, the title should be blue and the title of the slide should be as blue as possible. The font size, font and line spacing are consistent, and even the position and size of illustrations should not be changed at will.

(4) In the choice of "appearance mode" of words and charts, animation can be used appropriately, but not too much. When displaying different contents on the same slide, you can consider using animation.

6. Recommended templates

(1) White background: black, red and blue characters can be selected. If you feel that it is not rich enough, you can change the local background color.

(2) Blue background: dark blue is preferred, and it can be matched with white text or yellow text (light yellow and orange), but deep red should be avoided. This is the most commonly used, safest and simplest color scheme.

(3) Black background: with white characters and yellow characters (orange is better than light yellow).

These three color matching methods can ensure the quality of slide show. If this is the first time, it is highly recommended. Generally speaking, slides should not only have text, but also add pattern diagrams or flow charts to add color to the slides. You can also add a little lace, add a line between the title and the text, or insert icons of schools and hospitals to avoid the monotony of the slide show.

Second, the role of words.

As the main body of slides, the expression and processing of words are very important. The general principles are as follows:

1. Words cannot be too many, so don't paste the whole paragraph of Word document into the slide.

2. The text in the text box generally does not need to be expressed in complete sentences. Try to use suggestive words and avoid piling up a lot of words. Let the audience read it in 1 minute, and don't feel tired.

3. The text should be in a proper proportion in a slide, avoid shrinking into half a slide, and don't "stand on top" and leave no boundaries.

4. Each slide usually needs a title and a paragraph of text, especially when there is a lot of text. Without the title, it is difficult to find out the key points, and the audience has no patience to look for them line by line.

Attention should be paid to the details of text arrangement:

1. font size: the default text size of commonly used PowerPoint, and the general title is 44 or 40. The text should be No.32, generally not less than No.24 and not less than No.20..

2. Spacing between lines: The arrangement of words in the text, generally about 20-25 words per line, not more than 6-7 lines. Do not exceed 10 lines. There should be a certain spacing between lines and paragraphs, and the distance between titles (paragraph spacing) should be greater than line spacing.

3. Font selection: As a slide of defense, it is suggested that the Chinese font should be Song Ti, the English font should be Times New Romans and the Chinese font should be bold. You can also choose other fonts, but you should avoid rare fonts. If the computer used for defense does not have this font at that time, it will not only affect the defense mood, but also affect the quality of slides.

4. Font color: The choice of font color is related to the template, generally no more than three. You should choose a color that is obviously different from the background color, but don't think that red is bright, and it is not appropriate to choose a similar color (described in the template color matching last class). The font color of the title should be different from the text font, and the title of the same level should use the same font color and size. Try to use the same color in a sentence. If two colors are used, please use them uniformly throughout the slide.

5. Clear the hierarchy: content order: topic->; Outline-> Content-> End (thanks). When the content of each page is divided into several dots, it is best to have a subtitle; If the contents of these points are to be expressed in several pages, you can animate the headline on the first page, and then copy and modify the following pages. There is no animation in the titles of the last few pages, which makes people feel that the titles are not moving, just changing the contents below.

6. Add notes: If you are afraid of forgetting words in your defense, you can add notes to the block diagram. You can add effects to annotations by selecting annotations from the optional shapes in the drawing bar. Select the effect option in the triangle arrow below the effect, and change "After animation is played" to "Hide after next click". Try it. It works well.

7. When there are many articles on this page, but they are all short, don't pop them up one by one. You will make mistakes, because you were nervous at that time. You should pop them up at once and say them one by one.

8. Configuration of other characters: footnotes in the slide, references cited (generally, references cited in this slide are required to be listed in the slide), materials mentioned in one sentence or repeated many times in the previous slide, and colors with similar font colors and background colors should not be too conspicuous to avoid usurping the role of the host.

Third, the production of flow chart

Using flow chart is an important magic weapon to make high-quality slides, especially when describing the research process, it is best to use flow chart to explain.

There are many professional softwares that can be used to make flowcharts, but PowerPoint's own drawing tools are also very powerful. It uses the drawing tools commonly used in Office components, just like the drawing tools commonly used in Word: open the view → toolbar → tick the drawing toolbar, and a drawing toolbar will appear at the bottom. There are tools such as drawing, drawing, line, arrow, text box, artistic style, organization chart, clip art and inserting pictures. The organization chart can be used to make the flow chart directly, but the way is relatively fixed.

Clip art is a novice's favorite content to insert, but personally, it is not easy to insert too many academic slides because clip art will reduce academic weight. It is very important to learn how to make directly needed pattern diagrams and flow charts by using self-selected graphics. Some autoshapes are labels that can be inserted directly into the text, and the shapes must be reinserted with text boxes. As long as you have enough patience, any form of pattern diagram can be made. Before making a pattern diagram, you must pay attention to the connection order between diagrams. Personally, I think the most useful tools are "combination" and "stacking order" Combinatorial tools can put many small pictures together, which can not only reduce repetitive work, but also avoid giving up all previous efforts. So, after finishing some work, try to combine them. "Stacking order" can use the color difference of graphics to cover unnecessary parts. If this tool is used properly, it can not only reduce the workload, but also make use of the relationship between multiple graphs to create complex and visually beautiful graphs.

I suggest drawing with mirosoft visio, which is relatively simple to use. Not only can you draw a beautiful block diagram, but you can also add vivid clip art such as computers, mobile phones and motors to make the block diagram no longer monotonous, or don't put too many clip art.

Fourth, insert a picture.

With the popularity of digital cameras, pictures are more and more used in slides. Pictures are more intuitive and easier to accept than words, so you should choose pictures properly in your defense thesis.

The process of inserting a picture is relatively simple, and this paper mainly focuses on the picture format. Because of its small capacity, JPG format is the most commonly used picture format in slide production. TIFF format is relatively large, and excessive use of this format will make the slide file very large. Slide files are too large to carry, which will slow down the computer. At present, it is difficult to distinguish TIFF and JPG images with the same resolution when viewed on a computer screen. TIFF format pictures are mainly used for publishing and papers, and are not the best choice for slide production. The conversion of picture format can be completed by software such as Phtoshop and Acdesee.

In addition, Office XP has added the function of picture editing. Open View → Toolbar → Tick in front of the picture, and a picture menu will appear. You can also right-click the picture and choose Show Picture Toolbar. The most useful tools in the toolbar are editing tools and compression tools. Cutting tool, which can directly remove unnecessary peripheral parts in the picture; The compression tool can change the picture resolution to the screen resolution, that is, 96 DPI, which generally does not affect the display effect, so the whole file is much smaller. Of course, complex picture editing needs professional picture editing tools, so I won't go into details here.

GIF format pictures are the most commonly used format for web pages. The file is small and animated. A picture can also display multiple frames, but it must support the animation effect after PowerPoint 2000. If there is animation in GIF format in the slide, you must pay attention to the version problem, otherwise the expected effect will not appear.

As for the Catuga formula, it is plagiarism-> Paste->; Debugging size-> Debugging position.

The location of the picture is also very particular, including the size of the picture, the location and size of the legend. If there are many pictures, it is best to unify the format. On the one hand, it is very refined, on the other hand, it also reflects the rigorous attitude of learning. Sometimes there are shadows or outlines on the periphery of the picture, which will have unexpected effects.

Five, graduation defense slide production skills

Graduation defense slides are different from ordinary slides. Doing slides well is an important link in the success of postgraduate defense. The following is a detailed talk about the main contents of graduation defense slides and the problems that need attention in production, hoping to be useful to graduate students.

(a) the contents of the defense report should include

The content of the defense report is arranged according to the outline drawn up in advance. Generally includes the following aspects:

1. General contents: topic title, respondents, topic execution time, topic instructor, topic attribution, thanks, etc.

2. Research content of the subject: research purpose, scheme design (flow chart), operation process, research results, innovation, application value, new views on the continuation of the subject, etc.

(B) the production skills of defense slides

1. Basic requirements for national defense slides

Length of reply slides: number of ordinary slides:

Undergraduate students 10 minutes 10~20+00 ~ 20 minutes to reply, master students 20 ~ 30 minutes. Generally, there should be about 60 responses for doctoral students and about 40 responses for master students. Excluding the cover, chapter title page and thank-you page, there are about 50 or 35 pages that really need to be explained. 8 ~ 10 lines or a picture per page. List only the main points and key technologies.

Cover and back cover: slide covers generally use characteristic pictures, preferably campus photos, which are played before the defense or when answering questions.

Master: Because of the seriousness of scientific research, slide masters should choose those with deep background and shallow characters. The motherboard attached to Office is few and monotonous, so it is better to design it yourself or download it from the Internet.

Text: the title page includes the title of the project, the names of graduate students and tutors, etc. , and can add the project source of project funding. Because it is an academic slide, the font and arrangement should be appropriate and serious, and avoid fancy. For the arrangement of text, please refer to "Functions of Text" above.

(3) defensive attitude and psychological state

1. preparation for master's thesis defense

(1) psychological preparation

Defense is a form of examination and acceptance of the results of master's thesis. Graduate students should have a clear purpose, correct attitude, build up confidence, and improve their analytical ability, generalization ability and expression ability through thesis defense.

(2) Preparation of defense content

On the basis of reading and reviewing master's thesis repeatedly, write a 20-minute defense report. It is necessary to practice repeatedly, and pay attention to the following details: go to the scene in advance, be familiar with the layout of the scene, and test whether the equipment (such as USB flash drive/mobile hard disk) plays normally on the computer used for defense; PowerPoint version compatibility issues, etc. ); Familiar with lecture notes; Practice how to express, especially focusing on introduction and conclusion.

(3) Material preparation

The main thing is to prepare what you need to bring for the defense meeting. For example, the manuscript, explanatory summary and main reference materials of master's thesis, draw necessary wall charts, tables and formulas, and prepare relevant slides for the defense Committee to ask questions when necessary.

2. How to submit a master's thesis

(1) Good opening remarks

Preface is the official beginning of the whole thesis defense, which can attract attention, establish credibility and predict the intention and main content of the defense. A good beginning is half the battle. It should include three functions: introduction, connection and connection. A good opening statement should be: to the point, to the tone of the defense, and to use appropriate language. Negative beginnings, such as self-defense, should be avoided (for example, "I came in a hurry and didn't prepare well …"), which will not show respect for the experts of the defense Committee, but also show a lack of personal confidence, and the respondent's first impression of the experts will be greatly reduced. Remember that modesty and prudence are the traditional virtues of our country, but modesty is not self-confidence. At the same time, we should avoid self-expression, complacency and seek appreciation. Excessive performance will arouse the disgust of experts from the National Defense Commission.

(2) The central content of the report

The central contents of the report include: the content, purpose and significance of the paper; Raw data used; The basic content of master's thesis and the main methods of scientific research experiment; The results, conclusions and evaluations of one's own tasks. The defense report should focus on the above central contents and have a clear hierarchy. Specifically: highlight the importance and significance of the topic; Introduce the main viewpoints and structural arrangement of the paper; Emphasize the originality and contribution of the paper; Explain what necessary work has been done.

Lecture notes are usually displayed in the form of slides, which makes the theme clear and clear at a glance; Choose words, highlight key points and be concise; Beautify the visual effect appropriately and deepen the impression. Please refer to the previous section of this chapter for specific matters needing attention in slide production.

Attention should be paid to: seize the time, give a brief introduction and reply carefully. To this end, we must do the following:

1. Don't be nervous, take part in the defense with confidence and enthusiasm;

2. Clean appearance, natural movements and correct posture. Say hello to the experts at the beginning of the defense, and thank the experts at the end of the defense, reflecting good cultivation;

3. Be calm, use positive language in your tone, yes or no, and don't be ambiguous;

4. Stick to the theme in content, express clearly and fluently, have a moderate and infectious voice, and use appropriate gestures to achieve the best defense effect;

(3) Questions that may be raised by experts of the defense committee.

After the graduate report is finished, experts from the defense committee will ask questions and answer questions for 10 ~ 15 minutes. Generally, it includes: issues that need further explanation; Basic theories, knowledge and skills involved in the paper; Investigation on the related problems of graduate students' comprehensive quality.

The questions that the judge may ask generally come from the following aspects:

1. The research direction and professional field of the respondent;

2. Possible problems arising from the topic: whether it really conforms to the academic issues involved in this study (including the significance of the topic, important viewpoints and concepts, new viewpoints of the topic, details of the topic, weak links of the topic, feasibility of suggestions and doubts about the work done by yourself);

3. Paper questions: the standardization of paper writing, data sources, important references mentioned in the paper and some controversial observation standards.

4. Slide question: some pictures or charts need further explanation;

5. Problems that are not easy to estimate: problems that have nothing to do with the topic. It seems relevant, but the respondent has never done it at all, and it is not the problem involved in the topic. What the respondent didn't do, but what do the judges think the respondent should do further?

(4) How to answer questions raised by experts of the defense committee?

First of all, we should memorize the speech, prepare a lot of media, adjust our mentality, prepare the topic and prepare the pre-defense. Highlight the key points, seize the interest, and leave a foreshadowing in the follow-up reports. Taboo discussion is rambling, because the topic is the strength of one's own knowledge, the discussion is not convergent and rambling, and the content is often complicated, exposing too many doubts and difficulties, leaving hidden dangers for the questioning part. Smart graduate students should "tell the truth" and simply discuss around their own achievements, so that questions are often simpler and answers are smoother.

When it comes to the questioning session, experts should listen patiently and don't interrupt others' questions casually, regardless of whether the questions are appropriate or not. Answer the questions raised by experts completely, and don't show pride when you feel good about yourself. If you really don't know how to answer, just explain it directly to the experts and don't answer irrelevant questions. Don't argue irrationally about questions you are not sure about. Seeking truth from facts means that you haven't made it clear, so you must study this problem seriously in the future.

In short, the defense should be practical and realistic, neither humble nor humble, polite, and always show respect and gratitude to the experts. Note that the defense is not a purely academic defense, and non-academic components account for about half. You should show your maturity in all aspects and prove that you have the ability of academic research.

(5) Conclusion and thanks

Be sure to thank you before the report ends. The tutors have devoted a lot of efforts to the growth of graduate students. At this critical moment of defense, it is the basic principle to express formal and sincere gratitude to the tutor, which is the respect for the tutor. It is suggested that the paragraphs thanking the tutor be read out in full, and other thank-you paragraphs can be shorter. At the same time, it should be explained that the report has ended, and experts are welcome to ask questions, so that the defense work can smoothly enter the next link.

A successful speech is a combination of self-confidence and skill, and solid professional knowledge and careful preparation for defense are the prerequisites for success. It is also essential to use some defense skills, which can fully demonstrate the ability to organize research materials and display research results, and let others know what they have done. In order to win this war, it is necessary to make an in-depth analysis of the purpose, procedure, possible problems and solutions of the defense, so as to be prepared!

Note: As most netizens have asked for templates, I personally recommend that if it is a graduation thesis, the template introduction and mashup attached to office are safer, clearer and can be modified as needed (for example, if you are engaged in aquaculture, you can add ocean, fish or lotus leaves, etc.). Let people feel immersive, and the picture should be small, just a sign, don't pretend to be the owner.

Attachment: Guidance for the defense of graduation design (thesis) of China Youshi University (Beijing) Distance Education College.

A, graduation design (thesis) defense procedures

1. All students who apply for defense and all members of the defense team enter the defense venue 10 minutes in advance, and must keep quiet after admission;

2. The head of the joint defense working group announced matters needing attention;

3. Each respondent briefly introduces the main points, important conclusions and innovations of his paper, as well as the shortcomings of this design and its possible improvement directions and methods, and the time does not exceed 10 minute;

4. Respond to the tutor's questions, and answer the students' questions (about 5 minutes);

5. After the defense, all interviewees quit;

6. The defense team gives scores according to the grading standard of graduation project (thesis) and writes targeted comments.

Second, the main contents of the graduation design (thesis) defense PPT and the matters needing attention in production.

1, main content

(1) The purpose and significance of the study.

(2) Research ideas

(3) Main work contents

(4) Summary

thank you

2. Precautions:

(1) Don't pile up a lot of words and numbers: it's better to use title slides and play them by title when explaining. Convert tables into more intuitive statistical charts (such as histograms, pie charts, etc.). ). The slide description should not exceed 10 lines per page, and the text font size should not be less than 5.

(2) Don't leave an overwhelming room: the slides should be properly set aside, and every slide should be filled with content.

(3) Taboo is too monotonous and fancy: the vividness of slides is reflected in the color matching of background and text, the proper use of pictures and animations, etc. The key is two words-"simplification".

Three, the graduation project (thesis) matters needing attention in the defense

1. Bring the necessary information and materials.

identity card

Papers and main reference materials

Pens and notebooks

2. Adjust your mind and don't be nervous.

Listen to the questions clearly and think before you answer.

4. Answer the questions concisely.

(1) Get to the point, be concise, ask the teacher to give tips for questions that cannot be answered, and avoid rambling;

(2) Try to be objective, comprehensive and dialectical, leave room and avoid saying "death". If you forget the conceptual questions asked by the teacher, you can use descriptive sentences;

5. Pay attention to polite language