China has been exposed to project management methods since the early 1980s. 199 1 year, China established the national project management society-China project management research society. At the end of 1990s, China began to study the professional qualification certification standard of project management (that is, the knowledge system of project management). For example, the project management training certification unit headed by the China Bureau of Foreign Experts Affairs promotes the professional qualification certification of PMP project management based on PMBOK, the project management knowledge system of the American Institute of Project Management (PMI); Based on the International project management institute (IPMA) project management qualification standard (ICB), China Project Management Research Association launched the Chinese project management knowledge system (C-PMBOK) in June 2002, and carried out the professional qualification certification of IPMP.
China's engineering project management level still has the following problems:
(A) the relevant policies and regulations need to be improved
In our country, design units and supervision units are suffering from the disadvantages of long-term management departments and on-site management project departments, such as lack of centralized management, untimely communication, and the management department can't grasp the on-site management system in time, so that the project management level is always in a stagnant state of negotiation or fake bidding, and "human project" is engaged in. Although there are relevant laws and regulations in China, there are still no guiding implementation guidelines in the field of project management and industry.
(B) do not pay attention to the feasibility study of the project
Feasibility study itself is to study the technical and economic feasibility of the proposed project. Its purpose is to provide decision-making basis for investors, and at the same time provide basis and basic information for bank loans, cooperative signing and engineering design. However, many investors generally do not pay attention to the feasibility study of the project, and blindly invest, which often causes huge economic losses and lays a curse for the subsequent engineering accidents.
(3) The quality of project managers is generally low.
Because the systematic research and industrial practice of project management in China started late, the National Project Management Research Association was established on 199 1. At the same time, as a branch of management science, the graduates majoring in project management are still immature and the theoretical system of project management is not perfect. At present, there are not many official publications about project management in China. This shows that the development status and importance of project management has not been recognized in the field of science and technology education, and it also shows that the soft and hard environment for training project management talents in China is still very backward. At the same time, construction enterprises are not perfect in talent training and motivation, and can't retain talents well.
(d) The lack of professionals and the low level of project management make it difficult to learn from similar problems in other projects, which leads to the same mistakes. It can be said that knowledge is generally ignored in the process of project management, and a lot of explicit knowledge cannot be enjoyed, while tacit knowledge is not easy to be discovered and applied, resulting in a great waste of knowledge.
(e) People who should acquire relevant knowledge can't acquire knowledge in time, and the communication of project management is not timely, which leads to inefficiency and huge waste of time and material. In the project, whether the communication between internal jobs or between the project team and external design institutes and owners is not timely, problems often cannot be solved or not, resulting in delays and rework.
Domestic scholars have studied the development of project management to varying degrees. Wei made a comprehensive study on the main progress and development trend of project management since 1990s. Zhang Haijuan and others mainly analyzed the influence of the knowledge system of project management on the development of project management in China. Zheng Shaolian summarized the specific connotation, research topics and development of project management in China. Yin Yilin and others discussed the development trend of project management knowledge system.
It should be said that the introduction of these knowledge systems and standards of project management in China is largely driven by the huge interests of the project management training market, and they all have their own markets. At present, the research on project management knowledge system in China is still in disorder.
Two. Development and research status of foreign project management
At present, there are two main research systems of project management, namely, the European-led system-Project Management Institute and project management institute (IPMA), and the American-led system-project management institute (PMI).
5.2. 1 IPMA, an international practical academic organization of project management established in European countries.
IPMA (project management institute International) —— Project Management Institute International is a non-profit project management research institution registered in Switzerland by major European countries on 1965, aiming at promoting the development of global project management. Its members represent national project management research organizations, and are responsible for coordinating international project management needs, promoting theoretical research and development, providing international standards and certifications for project management, organizing training and education, and holding various seminars.
5.2.2 PMI, an academic organization of project management established in the United States, focuses on knowledge.
PMI (Project Management Institute)-Project Management Institute was established in 1969, and its members are mainly experts from enterprises, universities and scientific research institutions. Committed to the global implementation of project management, it is the largest professional organization of project management in the world, consisting of researchers, scholars, consultants and managers. Professional project management talents who have passed PMI certification are called PMP (Project Management Professionals).
Foreign scholars have also studied the development of project management to varying degrees. Betts et al. studied the topics and sources of papers published in International Journal of Project Management (IJPM) 1983 to 1992. Themistocleous and others further compared the papers included in the International Journal of Project Management (IJM)1984 to 1998 with the papers in the Journal of Project Management (PMJ) in the same period.
Three. Development Trend and Research Hotspots of Project Management at Home and Abroad
6. 1 Development trend of project management
(I) Internationalization trend of project management With China's accession to the WTO, China's economy is increasingly deeply integrated into the global market, and there are more and more multinational companies and multinational projects in China. Many projects should be operated through international bidding and consultation. The projects invested and operated by China enterprises overseas are also increasing. At the same time, the internationalization of project management is forming a trend. The internationalization of project management has attracted the attention of project management experts and scholars at home and abroad, and its internationalization trend is increasingly obvious. With the comprehensive integration of domestic and foreign markets, foreign enterprises will take advantage of their advantages in capital, technology, management, talents and services to occupy the China market, especially the general contracting market. Facing the increasingly fierce market competition, China enterprises must be market-oriented, improve their management level, change their business model, enhance their resilience, strive for self-improvement, be brave in making progress, learn to survive in the competition and seek development in the struggle. On the other hand, we will get more opportunities to enter the international market. On the other hand, the internationalization trend of project management is manifested in the increasing role of international project management institute and the frequent international academic exchanges. China Project Management Committee has also joined the International project management institute as a member unit. These organizations carry out many industrial and academic activities every year, issue newsletters and publications, and assist in recruiting and hiring project management professionals. Because of the universal law of project management and the transnational nature of many projects, experts from all over the world are discussing the international common system of project management discipline, including common terms.
(B) the information trend of project management
With the advent of the era of knowledge economy, the informationization of project management has become an inevitable trend. This gives project management
With the rapid expansion of information, project management relies more and more on computer means, and its competition has become an information war in a sense. On the other hand, as the leading economy in 2 1 century, knowledge economy has arrived, and the corresponding project management will also become a hot frontier field. Project management is becoming an important part of social management and enterprise management modernization.
(C) Green project management
The quality, safety and ecological environment of engineering construction have become three important indexes to measure the quality of engineering internationally. All developed countries and fast-developing countries and regions attach great importance to the research on the coordinated development of engineering construction and environment, and the management process of engineering projects is changing into a process of protecting the environment, saving resources and achieving harmony with nature. In 1970s, the famous "green movement" around the world made it green.
The industry came into being, and the concept of "green management" of engineering projects began to enter people's thinking. "Green" engineering project management is becoming the development direction of engineering project management.
(D) the application of knowledge management in project management
In the era of knowledge economy, the ability to create and use knowledge has become the core competitiveness of enterprises and organizations. Management guru Peter? Drucker pointed out that in the new economic system, knowledge is not one of the social production resources alongside talents, capital and land, but the only meaningful resource? . Knowledge management (KM) is a process of creating, acquiring and using knowledge, aiming at improving the performance of an organization, ensuring that the required knowledge can be delivered to those who need it in the required time, helping people to enjoy information, and finally achieving the goals of the organization. The purpose of knowledge management is not knowledge management itself, but to promote the realization of the overall strategic objectives of the organization. Through knowledge management, it is helpful to gather people into the real process of knowledge sharing, make full use of people's knowledge and experience, produce new technologies, create new ideas, improve the innovation ability of the project, and thus improve the productivity of the project. Knowledge management has been widely used in different industries. Due to the relative independence of project participants, the traditional project organization and management mode is not conducive to knowledge exchange and accumulation among participants, and it is also not conducive to knowledge innovation, which is the key to ensure the high-quality and efficient completion of the project and an important way to improve the construction and management level of the whole project field.
6.2 Research hotspots at home and abroad
In recent years, China has strengthened infrastructure construction, and project management has been widely concerned. However, scholars in foreign developed countries or regions mainly pay attention to international engineering projects. Manufacturing industry is also one of the key industries of project management, and domestic scholars pay more attention to the manufacturing of single large-scale mechanical equipment. Foreign scholars have introduced the concept of project management into the manufacturing industry of mass customization, and conducted in-depth research on the wider manufacturing industry. With the rapid development of information technology, project management scholars pay more and more attention to the research of IT industry.
After decades of development since World War II, the current hot issues focus on the following three aspects:
(1) Research on project management knowledge system.
(2) Research on the application of project management in specific industries, such as the project management of petroleum exploration and development projects and the performance management of human resources in petroleum exploration and development projects.
(3) Develop new project management tools and technologies, such as the project management application information platform for petroleum exploration and development software.
The retrieval results of relevant materials show that there are relatively few researches on project management knowledge system in domestic publications and foreign literature, and there are few monographs on project management of petroleum development projects.
7. Summary
The research and application of project management in China started late, which caused a considerable gap between the theoretical research and practical application of project management in China and developed countries abroad. China's national conditions determine that domestic scholars will conduct more detailed research on different industries for a long time. For example, almost all articles related to extractive industries are related to oil exploitation and are closely related to the real economic life in China. Relatively speaking, the theoretical research on project management in China focuses on the particularity analysis of specific industries or links, and lacks the exploration of the general laws of project management from a more macro level. In addition, China's project management needs its own unique knowledge system, and these problems need to be studied urgently.
I am a student of this major and have had similar homework. This is part of my homework, but it is the overall development of project management. I wonder if it will help you?