Middle school students can naturally improve their writing level by reading extra-curricular books and being well informed. However, due to the actual situation of students, they can't "read thousands of books and take Wan Li Road". When writing in the college entrance examination, they often can't find the starting point of writing and can't write it. Suffering from "lack of money", there is no material and nothing to say. At this time, we might as well be flexible in thinking and thinking. Sometimes in the examination room, we can borrow materials that are rarely quoted by ordinary people but can clearly and forcefully explain our views and write excellent works. The teaching materials include text examples, famous sayings and sentences in class, and short articles about writing. It can be said that accumulating teaching materials is a good way to cure the "hard injury" of composition. Next,

First of all, several angles of a material

Some materials of ancient poetry can draw different ideas from different angles. Let's take the Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru as an example to analyze:

We can think from different identities and experiences of different characters, such as Lin Xiangru's perspective (from the perspective of his handling of relations with Lian Po), Lian Po's perspective (from the perspective of his relationship with Lin Xiangru), Qin Wang's perspective, Wang Zhao's perspective, and the perspective of a brilliant official system (from the perspective of his recommendation of Lin Xiangru).

The same person can also argue from different aspects:

(1) From the perspective of Lin Xiangru's handling of relations with Lian Po: From the perspective of Lin Xiangru's motivation in handling relations, he refined his own point of view: everything should be based on the overall situation and national interests; From the results of Lin Xiangru's handling of relations, we can extract our point of view: be more tolerant.

(2) From the relationship between Lian Po and Xiang Ru, we can extract our views from the final reconciliation between Lian Po and Xiang Ru: we should be brave in admitting mistakes and correcting them; Judging from the possible consequences of Lian Po's initial provocation with anger, Lian Po is in a high position, independent and outspoken. If the opponents he meets are not similar, or fall out with him after listening to the public's advice, it will definitely give the enemy an opportunity. It can be seen that his words and deeds in a high position are of great significance, and a little carelessness will endanger the national interests. For the mistakes you made because of personal fame and fortune.

(3) Judging from Miao Xian's recommendation to Lin Xiangru:

Judging from the incident itself, Miao Xian can't escape the blame if the recommender can't shoulder this heavy responsibility under the situation that Zhao's national dignity and the monarch and ministers are at a loss. Miao xian dares to stand up at the critical moment and share the worries for the country. The viewpoint can be distilled as follows: the recommender should be courageous and knowledgeable. Judging from Miao Xian's recommendation process, he did not hesitate to disclose his "privacy" and belittle his image. This kind of selfless and frank official order is really applauded. The viewpoint can be distilled as follows: the dignity of the motherland is above everything else. Judging from the recommendation results, generally speaking, it is necessary to take high risks. Miaoxian is not jealous of Lian Po except for losing a resourceful doorman. It should be said that Miao Xianyu became a good friend and made him stand out. This kind of adult beauty, impartial morality, and no jealousy of subordinates are inspiring and respectable. We can refine our point of view: paying for nothing in return.

Second, look at several materials from one angle.

Although some ancient poetry materials are not the same, if we rearrange and integrate them, we will find that they can still be used to illustrate the same point:

(A) about a beautiful family and friendship

1. Family friendship

(1) Birds in captivity miss the old forest, while fish in the pond miss the old source. (Back to the Garden)

(2) Home is a comfortable nest and a safe haven, where there is family happiness and deep affection. Tao Yuanming got rid of the shackles of officialdom and hurried home. "The ship is so embarrassed, the wind is blowing and the clothes are blowing. Ask for directions before, and hate dawn. " When he gets home, he can "please his loved ones' sweet words and play the piano to drown his sorrows." "

(3) "Blackbird has an affair and is willing to help." Shimi compared people to birds and returned to the nature of animals, so did birds. Why do people feel inferior? Its sincerity is beyond words, how can it not impress people? (Chen Qingbiao)

2. Education for children

(1) Jiao's mother intervened, making her child a machine manipulated by her parents, which led to the tragedies of "hanging her own branch in the southeast" and "hanging her own pool". Parents, look out! (Peacock flies southeast)

(2) Queen Zhao was furious because she didn't want her son to be taken hostage in exchange for Qi's reinforcements. She told me that "I must be ashamed of my face". As parents, they should not only consider their children's immediate well-being so that they can pamper themselves, but should make long-term plans for their children. This is the true love for your children.

3. Unity and cooperation

(1) Lin Xiangru was later "on the right side of Lian Po", so it may not be able to beat Lian Po. But he knew the truth that "two tigers * * * were evenly matched", so he was patient everywhere and finally got a happy ending of "making peace". (Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru)

(2) During the Warring States period, although the six countries were strong, they were not United, and even watched the fire from the other side and intrigued. They were actually carved up by the Qin state in the northwest. This seemingly powerful but actually fragmented phenomenon is not worthy of our in-depth thinking. (Six Kingdoms)

(3) Han Yu criticized the ethos of "being ashamed of following the teacher" and advocated "not being ashamed of following the teacher". Ask for advice with an open mind and you will make progress; While helping others, you can also promote your own improvement.

(2) Pay attention to social reality and life hotspots.

1. Be prepared for danger in times of peace

(1) Men should be the most important artifact, occupying a large territory. He should not think about being prepared for danger in times of peace and abstain from extravagance and thrift. He also has to cut off his roots, so that he can flourish, block his source and flow forever. ("Ten Thoughts on Emperor Taizong")

(2) The fortress is the easiest to break through from the inside. If you are unstable, it is easy to be dragged down by bad people with ulterior motives. At that time, Confucius said earnestly, "I am afraid of internal troubles and foreign invasion, not in the hustle and bustle, but also in the bleak wall." ("Saving the world will cut down")

(3) From the historical lesson that Emperor Li De of the Tang Dynasty lost the world, it can be seen that only by avoiding arrogance and extravagance, preventing the slow progress and making great efforts can the country be preserved. Ouyang Xiu once lamented: "Worry and fatigue can rejuvenate the country, and comfort and fatigue can die." (Official introduction)

2. Popular support

(1) The elders who seek wood must be deeply rooted; Those who want to flow far away will dig their springs; A man who considers national security will accumulate his morality.

(2) There is little resentment, but people are awesome; You should handle a boat and upset it carefully.

(3) the people belong to it and the water comes down. ("Mencius See King Liang Xiang")

(4) Qin Neng destroyed six countries and unified the whole country, but he died the next year. Jia Yi analyzed: "Benevolence is not good, and the trend of attack and defense is different." The lesson of Qin seems to be a cliche, but it still has reference significance today. If our government and leading cadres do not seek happiness for the people, they will also be opposed by the people. ("On Qin")

3. Emotion and reason

(1) The street pavilion fell, and "Kong Ming shed tears and beheaded Ma Su", which was wonderful and touching, and "beheaded" reflected the law and discipline; "Tearing" reflects human feelings, and no matter how deep human feelings are, they will eventually be beheaded. Can't we learn something from this historical story more than 1000 years ago? (Lost Street Pavilion)

(2) Shi Biao is a legacy of the previous dynasty, and refusing the officials of the current dynasty will arouse the suspicion of the emperor. Fortunately, one of his "Chen Qingbiao" is well written, such as "Liu Ri is dying, his life is in danger, he is in danger. I have no grandmother, so it's not even today; Grandmother can't live her whole life without a minister, which makes the emperor have to admire his filial piety. "(Chen Qingbiao)"

4. Environmental protection

(1) Mencius said, "No, fish and turtles are not allowed to eat." An axe goes into the mountain, but firewood can't be used. "Mencius realized more than two thousand years ago that protecting the environment is closely related to human survival. ("I am for my country")

(2) Cultural relics are non-renewable wealth. Protecting cultural relics is our contemporary unshirkable responsibility. Today, Xiang Yu's behavior of burning Epang Palace should not occur, but the phenomenon of ignoring, occupying, occupying and destroying cultural relics often occurs. These phenomena are not much different from what Xiang Yu did. (Epang Palace Fu)

(C) examine the value orientation and moral sentiments

1. Adversity makes success

(1) Wang Wen was arrested and acted in Zhouyi; Zhong You wrote Spring and Autumn Annals; Qu Yuan's exile is a tribute to Li Sao. Zuo Qiu is blind and has "Mandarin"; The ruler of the revised version of Sun Tzu's Art of War; It's not Shu, but Lu Lan. Han Fei imprisoned Qin, expressing embarrassment, loneliness and anger; There are 300 poems, which are generally attributed to the angry actions of sages.

(2) Be healthy and vigorous when you are old, and be willing to grow old; If you are poor, you will be strong, and you will not fall to the top. (Preface to Wang Teng Pavilion)

(3) Gou Jian endured humiliation and accumulated for ten years. Once Wu was destroyed, he avenged his family hatred and national hatred. ("Goujian Destroys Wu")

2. The character of the backbone

(1) Oh, how can I bow and scrape to those people with high status and important positions? They will never tolerate others showing them a sincere face. (Dream of climbing Mount Tianmu)

(2) Qu Yuan always maintained a noble character and did not go with the flow. "He is white and safe, but the world is warm." "He threw himself into Miluo to die." (Biography of Qu Yuan)

3. Patriotism and honesty

(1) died in a national disaster, and suddenly it felt like death (white horse)

(2) Those who devote themselves to the country and the people will always be admired by future generations. Just like Zhuge Liang, Du Fu lamented that he "died without conquest, and the hero shed tears from now on", and Lu You praised him as "showing his real name for the teacher, and a hundred years is like a day". (Eight Modern Poems)

(3) Mo Long cares about the future and destiny of the country with full enthusiasm and ownership, solves problems for the country and contributes his own intelligence.

(4) Like Zou Ji, even ordinary citizens should actively put forward opinions and reasonable suggestions to relevant departments and superior leaders. As the saying goes, "Every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world" ("Zou Ji satirizes Qi Wang coachable")

(5) When the country is in trouble, the style of writing stands up to show loyalty by blaming the monarch. He deserves to be a good minister in dealing with chaos. ("Goujian Destroys Wu")

4. Value orientation

(1) People are inherently mortal, which is heavier than Mount Tai or lighter than a feather, so it is interesting and different. (Letter to Ren An)

(2) If the "five people" were "grass people" and "ant people" instead of "dying of righteousness", why did Zhang Pu write the epitaph on the graves of the five people and let us remember their heroic acts? (Inscription of Five Tombs)

(D) Experience the concept of life and way of thinking

1. Self-confidence and self-love

(1) Since God has given talents, let them find jobs! . ("Into the Wine")

(2) Don't underestimate yourself and don't feel sorry for yourself. As long as you have a skill, you may be better than others in this respect. "Therefore, there is no distinction between nobility and inferiority, neither long nor short, and the existence of Tao and the existence of teachers." "There is a sequence of learning, and there is a specialization in the industry, that's all." ("The teacher said")

(3) Xiang Yu was frank, arrogant, short-sighted, credulous, indecisive, brave and short-sighted, and finally let Liu Bang escape. ("The Hongmen Banquet")

(4) If you don't follow blindly, you have to be confident. Wang Anshi and his friends in the Song Dynasty may have found a miracle when they traveled to Baochan. However, because someone backed out, everyone quit. After resigning, I found that "I am full of energy and full of fire", but I have always "not enjoyed traveling very much". ("You Bao Chan")

Brave and resourceful

(1) Lin Xiangru entered Qiang Qin alone and accomplished an arduous task. How can he succeed without extraordinary courage? (Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru)

(2) An old man, the Wu of Candle, dissuaded Qin's powerful army alone and saved Zheng. Why? It depends on superman's courage. ("Candle Fire Breaking Qin Shi")

3. The art of speaking

(1) Zou Ji did not directly remonstrate with Qi Weiwang. Instead, I use my own personal experience to reason, present myself, understand the details, reason deeply, euphemistically and beautifully, and make people easy to accept. ("Zou Ji satirizes Qi Wang coachable")

(2) In the rage of Empress Zhao, Touchdragon dared to persuade, but she succeeded. Why? Without him, move with emotion, use it with reason and heart. ("Touch the Dragon and Tell the Queen Zhao")

(3) The art of candle is to retreat for progress, to be soft for rigidity, to convince people with reason, to talk eloquently, to replace trees with flowers, to use thorns skillfully, and finally to discourage Qin Shihuang.

Have self-awareness

(1) Zou Ji didn't get carried away in the face of praise. "Tomorrow Xu Gonglai thinks he is inferior; Look at yourself in the mirror, as far as the horizon. Thinking of dusk, I said:' My wife is beautiful and I am private; The beauty of my concubine is afraid of me; The charm of the guest lies in what he wants from me. "Visible Zou Ji is very self-aware. ("Zou Ji satirizes Wang Qi's incompetence")

(2) Hebo was secretly happy when he first saw the magnificent Yellow River. He "took the beauty of the world as his own". However, after seeing the sea, I can correct my mistake and sigh, "My long smile is generous." (Autumn Water)

Perseverance

(1) Perseverance, the rotten wood cannot be carved; Perseverance, the stone can be carved. ("perseverance")

(2) My heart is still full of good intentions. Although he died nine times, he still has no regrets. ("Li Sao")

(3) From Wang Anshi's experience of visiting Baochan, we can realize that when we study and deal with things, we must have indomitable will and the spirit of "thinking carefully and taking carefully".

Tacit response

(1) Sages can cross the world without indulging in things. (Biography of Qu Yuan)

(2) Faced with the situation of "I am a fish, I am a fish", Liu Bang, with the help of Sean, was good at coping and escaped; Xiang Yu is an arrogant and rigid person. As a result, he released the tiger to the mountain, and Fan Zeng was so angry that he cursed "no plan, no plan." (Hongmen Banquet)

7. Be kind.

(1) Qi Weiwang is an enlightened and effective monarch, who can listen to persuasion, smell it with joy, be brave in reform and make Qi rule. ("Zou Ji satirizes Qi Wang Bucai")

(2) Gou Jian, the King of Yue, humbly accepted the advice of his subordinates, and when he was thirsty, he "took his hand and worked together"; Fu Cha, the prince of Wu, was headstrong and domineering, and was killed, and the country was ruined. ("Goujian Destroys Wu")

Third, several methods of using ancient poetry materials

(A) Clever borrowing, a new interpretation of the story

According to the main requirements of college entrance examination composition proposition, we can borrow characters and stories from ancient poetry textbooks, carry out innovative thinking, dig deep into their reasonable meanings and bring forth the new. For example, Xiang Yu in the topic of Wujiang Pavilion written by Hebei examinees on 200/kloc-0 borrowed some contents from The Hongmen Banquet (the first volume of high school Chinese textbook), but Xiang Yu was no longer a courageous and biased author. He put aside the arguments and comments of famous scholars, expressed his own views on heroes with sincerity, and shaped "One" The author warmly praised Xiang Yu's bravery, boldness, fearlessness and outspoken. The author's innovative solution-frankness, respect for the original, and another way, makes people feel familiar and novel.

(2) Clever use and novel stories.

With the help of the original textbook, re-create the story situation and re-edit the story. Finding the "gap" from the famous works and expanding it into an imaginary space requires not only a deep understanding of the original works, but also the spirit of "bold assumption" and reasonable fiction.

In 2004, Jiangsu college entrance examination composition "A New Biography of Peacock Flying Southeast" boldly reformed "Peacock Flying Southeast", comparing Liu Lanzhi to water and Jiao Zhongqing to mountains. Water is flexible and unchangeable; The mountain is calm, but the color is not firm. The article adds persuasiveness and literariness to the story through the flexible use of related classic literature resources and the vivid description of virtual situations. The beauty of such a new story is specious, but it is also difficult to be specious. It should be created on the premise that the meaning of the problem comes first. In this respect, this paper is successful.

(C) clever use, substitute flowers for trees

As the saying goes, "A clever woman can't cook without rice." The writing material of the composition depends on the usual accumulation, but it is also a good way to replace the tree with flowers and use them for my own use during the exam. In 2002, the essay "Heroes are Patriotic and Invincible" written by Hunan examinees chose the feats of ancient philosophers such as Qu Yuan, Jing Ke and Wen Tianxiang to explain that "the choice must be worthy of the sky and the heart". Persuasive. "Dr. San Lv, who wrote a song and looked haggard, lamented that' it's cloudy and I'm alone, and everyone is drunk and I'm alone', and then he devoted himself to Miluo. The helplessness of' the phoenix bird is a phoenix, and the sky is still far away' and the resentment of' the sparrow is black, and the chicken nest is black' make him only choose to die to establish his conscience. Wen Tianxiang, whose heart is like a magnet, doesn't mean that the south will not rest, but it is "always keeping the heart of Dan as a mirror of the past and the present".

Four, several measures to avoid the suspicion of "stacking"

When preparing for and preparing for the exam, our general policy is to occupy as much materials as possible. However, if you really want to write in an article, you must first screen, coordinate and combine. The usual practice is:

(A multi-angle and multi-field examples

If the selected materials belong to the same field, then the materials will appear single or give people a sense of piling up. If we can give examples from different angles, the representativeness and typicality of the examples will be much stronger. In 2003, the college entrance examination composition "The same water in front, different feelings in my pen" explained H2O from different angles and fields. Different people's works show different characteristics and feelings. Water-Li Houzhu's endless sorrow, water-Xin Qiji's loyalty and anger, water-Wen Yiduo's ugliness, water-Zhu Ziqing's favorite beauty, the four sub-arguments can be developed by firmly grasping the writing focus that emotion affects things cognition.

(B) the combination of explicit guidance and implicit guidance

"'One river is spring water, the waves are exhausted, and the romantic figures of the ages'." This language was expressed from the ancient population; Chinese is called out by Zhang Fei at Dangyang Bridge. Chinese flowed from Fan Zhongyan's works, who was concerned about the country and the people. The strings of Jiangtou pipa girl in Xunyang echoed with Chinese. Chinese helps us experience the magic of the fairy cave in Tianmu Mountain and the adventure on the bluestone in Jingyanggang. It makes us deeply understand the feelings of "the deceased is like a husband", the sadness of "frowning only, but it reaches my heart", the helplessness of "scattering songs and geometry of life", and the bleak "first frost flies late in autumn, leaving residual lotus flowers to listen to the rain"-the composition of "Leng Xiang flies to Chinese in the 2000 college entrance examination" is based on textbooks, and the textbook content is handy.

(3) Post-case analysis.

Simply listing the piled materials is likely to be out of touch with the argument and it is difficult to play the role of "evidence". Therefore, we must pay attention to the bonding effect of arguments and arguments, and never "take examples as the basis". In the essay "Language is the Key to Communication", the perfect score of Guangdong College Entrance Examination in 2004, we noticed that the analysis was carried out after a precedent, which effectively explained the truth that "language is the key to communication": "appropriate language. Conducive to the exchange of friendship. Gao Shi's "Mochow has no confidant in the road ahead, and everyone knows you" and Wang Bo's "However, China has our friendship, and Heaven has our neighbors" both used beautiful language to send friends away and reached a friendly communication. Li Bai's article "Difficult Road to Shu" used incisive language to persuade friends to return, and reached a friendly communication. From Li Bai's "high, like on a tall flag, six dragons drive the sun, and the river is far below, whipping its twisted route", we can see that it is difficult to go to heaven. Friends will feel their concern from words, and the communication will go straight to the heart. Communication is not like "silence is better than sound" as Bai Juyi said. It needs language to convey each other's concerns. Friendship exchange needs the key of language. " .

"How to ask a clear question before you can have a source of living water"? Accumulation is an important way to enrich the content of articles. Familiarity, memory and skillful use are effective ways to accumulate. As a teacher, we should guide students to excavate and reserve 30-50 cases from the neglected Chinese textbooks, reassemble the existing argumentation materials according to the needs of different topics, or deepen the existing typical argumentation materials from multiple angles.