(2) People are alienated from their own class essence, that is, people are alienated from free and conscious activities and the object world they create.

③ People are alienated from their own labor products.

Four people are alienated from each other. Because when people are against their own labor products, their own labor activities, and their own class nature, they will inevitably oppose others. With the help of the concept of alienated labor, Marx preliminarily discussed the objective law of human historical development, and explained the historical inevitability of * * * productism by sublating alienated labor, which played an important role in the history of Marxist formation.

In Marx's mature works, although alienated labor has been mentioned, it is no longer used as a theory and method to explain history, but only as a concept to describe the antagonistic relationship between wage labor and capital in capitalist society.

Extended data:

First, the modern significance.

Marx's alienated labor theory aims at criticizing the disadvantages of capital enslavement labor and material rule in capitalist society, and then expounds the future social ideal of sublating alienation and realizing people's free and all-round development. Before China's reform and opening up, the socialist system realized the unity of laborers and labor materials, but there were obvious defects in providing efficiency, wealth and freedom.

The reform and opening-up has made great achievements with the guidance of market economy and the goal of liberating productive forces, but the negative factors of market economy criticized by Marx have not been paid enough attention. Marx's alienated labor theory can provide theoretical support for solving this problem.

Second, theoretical development.

Concepts of philosophy and sociology. Scholars in different historical periods have different interpretations of its essence. From the Marxist point of view, alienation, as a social phenomenon, is a social phenomenon in which people's material production and spiritual production and their products become alien forces and in turn rule people.

Private ownership is the main source of alienation, and the fixation of social division of labor is its ultimate source. The concept of alienation reflects the special nature and relationship between people's production activities and their products relative to themselves. In the process of alienation, people lose their initiative and are enslaved by alien material or spiritual forces, so that people's personality can not be fully developed and can only develop unilaterally or even abnormally.

In capitalist society, alienation has reached the most serious level. Alienation is related to objectification and materialization in a certain historical stage. However, alienation is not equal to or attributed to objectification and materialization.

Objectification and materialization, as human social activities, will always exist with human society, while alienation is a short-term historical phenomenon. With the extinction of private ownership and class, and the final elimination of rigid social division of labor, alienation will surely disappear in social history.

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