Problems and countermeasures in occupational health examination.
[Abstract] Occupational health monitoring is a right that workers enjoy according to law, and it is also an obligation that employers must perform, especially for workers in some special occupations, which is of great significance. Through the publicity and implementation of the central and local governments at all levels, the situation of workers' occupational health examination has obviously improved, providing necessary protection for workers' health. At the same time, some problems were found in the occupational health examination, which affected the perfection of the whole system. This paper summarizes and analyzes the problems existing in the current occupational health examination, and puts forward some targeted solutions to give workers more safety protection.
[Keywords:] Occupational health examination; Occupational health monitoring; Problems; Countermeasures
[China Library Classification Number] R 135 [Document Identification Number] A [Document Number]1005-0515 (2011)-03-295-0/KLOC-.
Occupational health examination belongs to the category of preventive health examination and is an important part of preventive medicine and occupational health monitoring [1]. Occupational health examination refers to assessing the impact and degree of workers' occupation on the health of contacts through various inspections and analysis, timely understanding and mastering the health status of workers, discovering influencing factors and taking corresponding measures to prevent them, which is very important for employers and workers. After years of implementation and promotion, workers' occupational health examination has made remarkable progress, and its coverage and degree have been obviously improved, but some problems have also been exposed, which need continuous improvement and supervision to better improve the occupational health examination system.
Problems in 1
1. 1 Physical examination coverage is not comprehensive.
Incomplete coverage of physical examination has always been the main problem in the process of occupational health examination. With the progress of science and technology, more and more occupations are considered to affect the health of workers. Therefore, the scope of occupational health examination needs to be continuously expanded, and mental stress, excessive pressure and excessive fatigue are also new factors affecting the health of workers. At the same time, the labor relationship between employees and units is constantly changing. Contractors, temporary workers and supernumeraries account for an increasing proportion of employers. Therefore, occupational health examination should not only cover employees, but also take care of the interests of all workers.
1.2 The physical examination process is unreasonable.
Workers often encounter embarrassing difficulties in occupational health examination. Because the environment is unfamiliar and the content of the exam is unknown, it is easy to produce rebellious psychology and not cooperate [2]. In order to provide a warm and comfortable physical examination environment for the physical examination, the employer should actively communicate with the physical examination department and even assign a special person to guide the work. Set up seats in the waiting area, adjust the flow of people in different projects in time, avoid waiting, make full use of workers' time, and avoid irritability affecting the final physical examination.
1.3 The physical examination units are not unified.
In order to improve the quality of occupational physical examination, some units arrange physical examination in CDC or large hospitals, and some units arrange physical examination in township hospitals on the principle of convenience nearby. Due to regional differences and urban-rural differences, the medical conditions of various hospitals are quite different. It is difficult for units with poor hardware facilities to obtain high-quality physical examination, and some key physical examination items cannot be carried out, thus ignoring the items will leave hidden dangers to the health of workers.
1.4 The result is open and opaque.
The purpose of occupational health examination is to understand the harm of occupation to workers and their health. Therefore, we should strictly regulate the expression of the conclusion of occupational health examination, fully inform the workers and employers of the medical examination results, and keep it confidential to others. It is not allowed for the physical examination unit to only inform the employer of the results of the occupational health examination, and the parties cannot obtain the final results, which is very unfavorable for solving the labor dispute between the employer and the employee.
1.5 Lack of necessary supervision.
The supervision and management of government departments is a necessary condition to ensure the smooth development of occupational health examination [3]. Health administrative departments at all levels, while strengthening the supervision of the employing units, should also supervise and guide the units that have completed the occupational health examination in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, coordinate the work of various departments, formulate the operating rules for occupational health examination, clarify every detail, ensure the quality of occupational health workers, and achieve the purpose of carrying out occupational health examination.
2 countermeasures
2. 1 Improve systems and regulations
Health administrative departments at all levels should strengthen supervision, strictly control every link of occupational health examination, and employers should sign contracts with specific implementation units of occupational health examination, formulate detailed plans, such as the number and content, and collate and report all the information for the record, so as to be used as evidence in case of disputes in the future.
2.2 Determine the physical examination items [4]
Because of the great differences in different occupations, it is difficult for different units to form a unified occupational health examination content. On the premise of ensuring the basic physical examination items, corresponding contents can be added according to their respective labor characteristics. Before the physical examination, it is necessary to make a comprehensive evaluation of the physical examination items, such as the entry physical examination. In addition to routine physical examination, it also includes special physical examination for designated posts to ensure that workers have good physical conditions and meet work needs.
2.3 Results Report [5]
Occupational health physical examination report is a normative document that the physical examination unit clearly indicates the occupational health status of workers to the employer. With the increase of labor disputes and the enhancement of workers' legal awareness, the occupational health examination report has become a necessary document for administrative and judicial organs to arbitrate. Therefore, workers have the right to obtain all the contents of the final report, especially the health hazards that have occurred or may occur. The results of occupational health examination should be open and transparent to both workers and employers.
2.4 Physical examination supervision
Administrative intervention is a necessary condition to ensure that workers get occupational health examination. Health administrative departments at all levels, especially in small and medium-sized areas, should guide and intervene in occupational health examination units in light of local actual conditions, encourage and even support enterprises and institutions to carry out occupational health examination, and establish a broader occupational health monitoring system as soon as possible to meet the practical needs of workers and employers for occupational health.
3 abstract
In a word, occupational health examination can exclude workers who are not suitable for a certain occupation, which is necessary for both the workers themselves and the employer. At the same time, health problems existing in workers' work can be found and solved. Although the occupational health examination has shown its specific functions, due to national conditions, institutional and economic reasons, there are still many workers who are not included in the occupational health supervision system, and need to be controlled from the aspects of supervision, formulation and implementation, so that the occupational health examination can benefit more workers and employers.
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