Geography:
Chapter I Vast Territory
1. From the eastern and western hemispheres, she is located in the eastern hemisphere, and from the northern and southern hemispheres, she is located in the northern hemisphere.
Judging from the location of the mainland and the ocean, she is located on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean in eastern Asia.
3. From the latitude position, most of them are located in the mid-latitude area, belonging to the north temperate zone, and a few in the south are located in the tropics, with no frigid zone.
China has a land area of about 9.6 million square kilometers, ranking third in the world, next only to Russian and Canadian.
5. China has a land border of more than 20,000 kilometers, with 15 neighboring countries.
6. The coastline of Chinese mainland is over 0/8,000 kilometers long, and six countries, namely Japan, South Korea, Philippines, Brunei, Malaysia and Indonesia, are across the sea from China.
7. From north to south, the endangered seas in China are Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea.
8. There are Yanchang Yantian, the largest Yantian in China, in the Bohai Sea, and Zhoushan Fishing Ground, the largest fishing ground in China, in the East China Sea.
9. The administrative regions of the country are basically divided into three levels: province, county and township.
10, China has 34 provincial administrative regions, including 23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 municipalities directly under the central government and 2 special administrative regions.
1 1, the total population of China is129.5 billion (2000), which is characterized by a large population base and a large population growth rate.
12. In order to adapt population growth to social and economic development and resources and environmental conditions, the Chinese government regards "family planning" as a basic national policy.
13, the population distribution in China is uneven, with a high population density in the east, especially in the southeast coast and a low population density in the west.
14, the population dividing line of China is from Heihe City, Heilongjiang Province to Tengchong City, Yunnan Province.
15, the most populous province in China and the largest Xinjiang province.
16. Among all ethnic groups in China, the Han nationality has the largest population and the Zhuang nationality has the largest population.
17, Han nationality is distributed all over the country, most concentrated in the east and middle, and ethnic minorities are mainly distributed in the southwest, northwest and northeast.
The distribution of 18 people has the characteristics of large heterogeneity and small concentration.
20. China implements regional ethnic autonomy in areas where ethnic minorities live in compact communities, and establishes organs of self-government, autonomous regions, autonomous prefectures, autonomous counties and ethnic townships.
Chapter II Natural Environment of China
2 1. The western part of China is dominated by mountains, plateaus and basins, while the eastern part is dominated by plains and hills. The terrain is characterized by a stepped distribution.
22. The first step The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is located in the southwest, with an average elevation of more than 4,000 meters, which is called the roof of the world.
23. The dividing line between the first and second steps is Kunlun Mountain, Qilian Mountain and Hengduan Mountain, while the dividing line between the second and third steps is Daxinganling, Taihang Mountain, Wushan Mountain and Xuefeng Mountain.
24. The four plateaus are great basin, Northeast Plain, North China Plain and Loess Plateau in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Inner Mongolia Plateau, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Sichuan Basin, Qaidam Basin, Tarim Basin and Junggar Basin.
25. The characteristic texture of the Loess Plateau is loose, there is no vegetation cover here, soil erosion is serious, ravines are vertical and horizontal, the characteristic ground of the Inner Mongolia Plateau is flat and boundless, the characteristic glaciers of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are widely distributed, and the characteristic ground of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau is rugged.
26. The common natural disasters in mountainous areas are collapses, landslides and mudslides.
27, the development and utilization of mountainous areas, to pay special attention to the ecological environment construction.
28. Mountainous areas include mountains, rugged plateaus and hills, accounting for about two-thirds of the national territory.
29. In winter, the temperature in the south and the north of China is quite different. In summer, the temperature is generally high in most places.
1October 30,65438 0℃ isotherm is distributed along the Qinling-Huaihe line.
3 1. The coldest place in winter is Mohe in Heilongjiang, and the hottest place in summer is Turpan in Xinjiang.
32. Chongqing, Wuhan and Nanjing are the so-called "three furnaces" in China.
33. China is divided into five temperate zones from north to south: cold temperate zone, middle temperate zone, warm temperate zone, subtropical zone and tropical zone. There is also a plateau climate zone with high terrain, cold climate and vast area.
34. The main index of dividing temperature zone is active accumulated temperature.
35. The general trend of annual precipitation in China is decreasing from the southeast coast to the northwest inland.
36. The place with the most precipitation in China is Huoshaoliao in Taiwan Province Province, and the place with the least precipitation is Toksun in Turpan Basin.
37. The contrast between precipitation and evaporation in a place reflects the humidity of the climate there.
38. The division of dry and wet areas is based on the degree of dry and wet climate. The four major dry and wet areas in China are humid area, semi-humid area, semi-arid area and arid area.
39. The main reasons for the large temperature difference between north and south in China are latitude position and winter wind.
40. The dividing line between monsoon area and non-monsoon area is Daxinganling, Yinshan, Helan, Bayan Kara and Gangdise.
42. The biggest advantage of monsoon climate is that rain and heat are in the same period, but it will bring some disastrous weather such as cold wave, flood and drought and typhoon.
43. Tarim River, the largest inland river in China, mainly comes from the melting water of ice and snow in Kunlun Mountain and Tianshan Mountain. Flowing rivers, such as the Yangtze River, mainly come from natural precipitation.
44. The longest and earliest artificial river in the world is the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal.
45. Bayan Kara, the birthplace of the Yellow River, flows into the Bohai Sea.
46. Ningxia Plain has the reputation of "Jiangnan in the world".
47. The dividing line between the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River is the estuary, and the dividing line between the middle and lower reaches is Jin Meng.
48. The riverbed of the lower Yellow River gradually rises and becomes an "overground river".
49. After the Yellow River flows through the middle reaches, it produces the most sediment, because the terrain it flows through is the Loess Plateau.
50. The Yangtze River originates in Tanggula Mountain and flows into the East China Sea. It is the longest river with the largest amount of water and the widest drainage area in China, and is known as "water treasure house" and "golden waterway".
5 1, Yichang, the dividing line between the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River, Hukou and the middle and lower reaches.
52. The hydropower resources of the Yangtze River are mainly concentrated in the upper reaches. Yibin city is navigable in the following four seasons.
53. Jingjiang River is known as the "nine-bend ileum", which is the regulation measure of this river section, that is, cutting and bending to get straight.
54. The three major sources in the plain area of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are the main tributaries above Yichang, the two major water systems of Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake, and the Han River in the north.
55. For renewable resources, if we use them rationally and pay attention to their protection and cultivation, we can achieve sustainable utilization. We should cherish and economize on the use of non-renewable resources.
56. China's natural resources are characterized by abundant gross and insufficient per capita.
57. Land resources are divided into cultivated land, woodland, grassland and construction land according to land use and land use status.
58. China's per capita land resources are few, and the proportion of various land resources is not reasonable, which is mainly manifested in the shortage of cultivated land and forest land, the difficulty in land use and the shortage of reserve land resources. The contradiction between man and land is particularly prominent.
59. China's cultivated land and forest land are mainly distributed in the eastern monsoon region with humid climate, and grassland is mainly distributed in the western inland area with annual average precipitation less than 400 mm.
60. Man-made destruction of land resources includes soil erosion, land desertification and indiscriminate occupation of cultivated land.
6 1, a basic national policy of land resources is to cherish and rationally use every inch of land and effectively protect cultivated land.
62. Of the water on the earth, seawater accounts for 97% and fresh water accounts for 2.5%.
63. Most of the fresh water resources on the earth are glaciers at poles and mountains, and most of the rest are deep groundwater. At present, the freshwater resources used by human beings are mainly rivers, lakes and shallow groundwater.
64. China's total water resources are less than Brazil, Russian Federation, Canadian, American and Indonesian, ranking sixth in the world. If calculated per capita, it is only 65438+ 0/4 of the world average.
65. In terms of time distribution, precipitation is concentrated in summer and less in winter and spring. Measures to effectively adjust the seasonal variation of runoff and water quantity, and build reservoirs.
66. In terms of spatial distribution, China's water resources are abundant in the south and deficient in the north, especially in North China and Northwest China, which further aggravates the water shortage in the north. One of the effective ways to solve the uneven distribution of water resources in different regions is inter-basin water transfer.
67. The South-to-North Water Transfer Project is to transfer water from the Yangtze River system to North China and Northwest China, where water shortage is serious.
In view of the serious shortage of water resources in China, saving water is particularly important.
69. The "vanguard" of economic development is transportation.
70. The four famous "rice markets" in the history of China are Wuxi, Wuhu, Jiujiang and Changsha.
7 1. Among all kinds of transportation routes, railway transportation is the most important mode of transportation in China. There are no railway lines in Tibet at present.
72. Most valuable or urgently needed goods are transported by air in small quantities.
73. Goods that are easily damaged or deteriorated are mostly transported by road.
74. For bulk heavy goods and long-distance transportation, waterway transportation and railway transportation are generally selected.
75. Agricultural production sectors include planting, forestry, animal husbandry and fisheries.
76. Agriculture is the basic main industry supporting the national economic construction and people's development.
77. Natural grasslands are widely distributed in the western region, and there are four pastoral areas in China: Inner Mongolia, Qinghai, Xinjiang and Tibet.
78. Forestry is concentrated in northeast, southwest and southeast regions. The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are the most developed areas of freshwater fishery in China.
79. The announcement of rice and wheat in food crops presents a pattern of "rice in the south and wheat in the north".
80. Oil production has formed two major producing areas: the Yangtze River rape belt and the Huanghuai peanut area.
8 1, sugar crops show obvious distribution characteristics of "Longnan and North Sweet".
82. Cotton production is mainly in the north, forming three major cotton regions: southern Xinjiang, the Yellow River basin and the Yangtze River basin.
83. Industry is the leading industry of the national economy.
84. Zhongguancun is the earliest high-tech experimental zone in China.
85. Main features of high-tech industries 1. Among the employees, scientific and technological personnel account for a large proportion. A large part of sales revenue is spent on research and development. 3. The product is updated quickly.
86. High-tech production is an industry dominated by electronics and information industry.
87. China's high-tech industrial development zones are mostly attached to big cities, showing the distribution characteristics of large dispersion and small concentration.
88. To develop agriculture according to local conditions, on the one hand, we should consider the differences of natural environment, on the other hand, we should consider the constraints of social and economic conditions.
Steamed roll
Mid-term examination paper of geography in the last semester of the second day of junior high school
1. multiple-choice questions (please fill in the letter code of the correct answer to multiple-choice questions on the answer sheet on page 2, ***30 points. )
1, the land area of China is second only to () in the world.
Russia, USA B Canada, USA C Russia, Canada D USA, Brazil
2. "The sky is grey, the wild is boundless, the wind blows the grass and the cattle and sheep are low" is a description of the grassland landscape where the following ethnic minorities live together ()
A, Mongolian B, Tibetan C, Zhuang D, Uygur
3, the following provinces (autonomous regions) and the people's government headquarters, contact information, the correct is ().
A, Qinghai-Qinghai-Lanzhou B, Hubei-Hunan-Wuhan
C, Fujian-Fujian-Xiamen D, Guizhou-Guizhou-Guiyang
4. Which of the following areas does the map (1) belong to ()?
A. Loess Plateau B, Northeast Plain C, North China Plain D and Inner Mongolia Plateau
5, the direction of the following mountains is roughly the same ()
① Tianshan Mountain ② Daxinganling Mountain ③ Taihang Mountain ④ Kunlun Mountain ⑤ Qinling Mountain ⑤ Wushan Mountain.
a、①②④ B、①③⑤ C、②③⑥ D③④⑤
6, the Yellow River, the Yangtze River * * * upstream with hydrological characteristics is ().
A, large sediment concentration b, slow velocity c, long ice age d, and abundant hydropower resources.
7, the root cause of soil erosion in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River is ()
A, climate change, forest reduction B, loose soil in the basin
C, deforestation, steep slope reclamation d, abundant precipitation, heavy rain.
8. The main reason for "the danger of the Yangtze River lies in Jingjiang" is ()
A, there are many tributaries b, the river basin is wide c, there is no lake flood regulation d, and the river channel is particularly curved.
9, the largest lake in China is ().
A, Poyang Lake B, Dongting Lake C, Taihu Lake D, Qinghai Lake
10, the temperature zone in Nan 'an is ()
A, tropical B, subtropical C, middle temperate D, warm temperate zone
1 1, "Spring breeze is not enough to swim in Yumen Pass" means ()
A, winter wind B, northeast wind C, summer monsoon D, typhoon
12, during the Spring Festival, Harbin was a scene of ice and snow, while Guangzhou was as warm as spring.
This is an ocean of flowers. The main reason for the difference between these two landscapes is ()
A, latitude position B, land and sea position C, terrain factor D, monsoon influence
13, Quanzhou is rich in the following fruits ()
A, longan, citrus and banana b, apple, pear and litchi
C, longan, pear and litchi D, apple, citrus and banana
14, which is roughly consistent with the Huaihe River Line in Qinling Mountains of China: ()
China January A. 10? C isotherm B. China's 800 mm isohyet
C. The dividing line between tropical and subtropical areas in China D. The dividing line between planting and animal husbandry in China
15, which of the following ethnic festivals is the Songkran Festival ()
A, Miao B, Bai C, Zhuang Ding, Dai
33. Xiaoming set off for Urumqi by train, and the natural landscape he could see during the journey was () in turn.
A, grassland, desert and forest b, grassland, desert and forest
C, forest, grassland, desert D, desert, grassland, forest
17, the following land resources development and utilization, the correct is ()
A. Reclaiming terraces on steep slopes B. Reclaiming farmland in a large area around Dongting Lake.
C, in order to improve the utilization rate of grassland, increase the number of livestock as much as possible.
D, new rural housing, try to choose wasteland.
18, the general trend of annual precipitation distribution in China is ()
A, gradually decrease from south to north; B, gradually decreasing from the eastern coast to the western region.
C and D gradually decrease from east to west and from southeast coast to northwest inland.
19, the basic national policy of China population is ().
A, implement family planning b, keep the population.
C, reasonable population distribution D, reducing population.
20, China's ethnic minorities, the largest population is:
A, Tibetan B, Zhuang C, Uygur D, Hui
2 1, the main reason for the large temperature difference between north and south in winter in China is ().
A, land and sea location b, latitude location c, terrain factor d, monsoon influence
22, about the characteristics of the Yellow River paragraphs, is not correct ().
First, the rich hydropower resources of the Yellow River are mainly concentrated in the middle and upper reaches.
B. The Yellow River is the river with the largest sediment concentration in the world, and the sediment mainly comes from the middle reaches.
C, the lower reaches of the Yellow River formed an "overground river".
The key to harness the Yellow River is to build reservoirs in the upper reaches.
23, the famous "river on the ground" is located in the Yellow River:
A, source b, upstream c, midstream d, downstream
24, the following provinces and regions outline and the corresponding abbreviation is wrong.
25, Quanzhou crop maturity system is ()
A. One crop a year B. Two crops a year C. Three crops a year D. Three crops a year
Two, mapping (50 points)
1. The following figure is a cross-sectional view of the main stream of the Yangtze River. Read the picture above and complete the following questions: (8 points)
(1) The Yangtze River is the largest river in China. From the source to the estuary, the drop of the Yangtze River is about 100 meters.
rice.
(2) From its source to Yibin, the Yangtze River is about kilometers long with a drop of about.
Meters, the Yangtze River is rich in hydropower resources, most of which are distributed in this reach.
(3) The boundary between the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River is, and the boundary between the middle and lower reaches is.
(4) The Three Gorges Water Control Project currently under construction is located in the Yangtze River and will play a role after completion.
2. Read "Changes along the Sediment Mainstream" and answer the following questions (12)
(1) Fill in the name of the geographical object represented by the number in the figure:
The birthplace of the Yellow River: mountains; Into the sea: the sea; The main tributaries of the middle reaches of the Yellow River are.
(2) After the Yellow River flows through this section, it produces the most sediment. Please use the data in the picture to illustrate this conclusion. In this reach, the Yellow River flows through the plateau, which shows that the environmental problems in this area are very serious. There are several human reasons for this problem. Local measures to solve this problem are.
(3) The sediment volume in Lijin reach has a changing trend, which is mainly caused by the fact that the lower reaches of the Yellow River are easy to become world-famous.
3. Read the topographic map of China above and complete the following questions: (13)
(1) The topographic features of China. The dividing line between the first step and the second step is
. The dividing line between the second step and the third step is
(2) The China 1℃ isotherm roughly passes through the first-line mountainous area of China.
(3) The Yangtze River originates from the plateau, flows into the sea, flows through the three-step ladder and monsoon region, and is known as the "water treasure house" and the "golden waterway". "There are nine meandering streams of the Yellow River in Wan Li, with waves coming from the end of the world", and 90% of the sediment concentration of the Yellow River comes from the Yellow River Plateau.
(4) China has a vast monsoon region, and the main influencing factor is ()
A, latitude position B, land and sea position C, complex terrain D, human factors
(5) The northeast-southwest mountain range located at the junction of Fujian and Jiangxi is
(5) The main cultivated land types in Hainan Island are, and the main food crops are.
4. Read "Temperature Curve and Precipitation Histogram of Beijing, Wuhan, Guangzhou and Harbin" and complete the following blank (10).
(1) annual range according to the highest monthly temperature, lowest monthly temperature and temperature; According to the monthly precipitation and distribution, these four cities are: A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(2) According to the temperature curve analysis, the temperature distribution characteristics in China are as follows:
Winter _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _,
Summer _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(3) According to the analysis of precipitation in cities, precipitation is mostly concentrated in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ season.
(4) The length of rainy season in north and south China is different. Generally speaking, the rainy season in the south starts from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, and the opposite is true in the north.
5, in the administrative map of China, fill in the following provincial administrative units as required, and fill in the name or abbreviation in the space (7 points).
(1) province (region) with the highest latitude d (name)
(2) China's largest province (region) B (name)
(3) the province (region) f g across the sea from Fujian Province (hereinafter referred to as "F G")
(4) China neighboring countries e
(5) the southernmost province of China (G).
(6) ocean: sea a.
Answer paper
First, multiple-choice questions (2 points for each question, ***50 points)
The title is123455678 91110213.
answer
Title:141516171819 202122 23 24 25.
answer
Two, mapping (50 points)
1、( 1) (2) , (3) ,
(4) , 。
2、( 1) 、 、 、 (2) , , 、 , 、 。 (3) , 、 。
3、( 1) 、 、
. (2) 、 、 。
(3) 、 、 。 (4) (5) (6) 、 。
4.( 1)A B C D (2) Winter
Summer (3) (4),,.
5、( 1) (2) (3) 、 (4) (5) (6) 。
Answers to the Mid-term Examination of Geography in Autumn of 2004
I. Questions (2 points for each small question, ***50 points)
1-5、CADAC 6- 10、DCDDB 1 1- 15、CAABD 16-20、BDDAB 2 1-25、BDDCB
Second, look at the picture.
1, (1) 6500-6700 (2) 3400-3600, 6200-6300 (3) Yichang, the upper reaches of the lake mouth (4) flood control, irrigation, shipping, aquaculture, tourism and improvement of the natural environment. (Each pair of the fourth question gets 1 point, ***2 points)
2.( 1), Bayan Kara, Bohai Sea, Fenhe River and Weihe River (Fenhe River and Weihe River can be switched) (2) The average annual sediment concentration from the estuary to Longmen increased from 6.67kg/m3 to 33.3 kg/m3 or from the estuary to Shaanxi County increased from 6.6 kg/m37 to 37.7 kg/m3, and loess and ecology.
3. It is high in the west and low in the east, with a ladder-like distribution, Kunlun Mountain-Qilian Mountain-Hengduan Mountain, Daxinganling-Taihang Mountain-Wushan-Xuefeng Mountain, (2)0, Qinling Mountain, Huaihe River (3) Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, loess (4)C(5) Wuyishan (6) paddy fields and rice.
4.( 1)A, Harbin B, Beijing C, Wuhan D, Guangzhou (2). In winter, it is hot in the south and cold in the north, and the temperature difference between north and south is large; In summer, the temperature between north and south is generally high, and the temperature difference between north and south is not big (3) In summer, (4) It is early, late and long.
5.( 1) Heilongjiang Province (2) Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (3) Taiwan Province Province, Taiwan Province or Qiong (4) Monkou (5) Qiong (6) Bohai Sea.