1. What are the important cultural relics in Shaoxing? Is it a national cultural relics protection unit or a provincial cultural relics protection unit?
Shaoxing is the seat of Yu Xia, the founder of the Chinese nation, and the vassal league, and also the capital of ancient Yue.
Here, with beautiful scenery, splendid culture, outstanding people and splendid treasures, it is known as the "hometown of beautiful scenery", "hometown of historical relics" and "land of outstanding people and outstanding people". It is a civilized ancient city with a cultural accumulation of more than 4,000 years and a history of nearly 2,500 years. It is known as a museum without walls.
Shaoxing became one of the first 24 historical and cultural cities in the State Council on 1982 with its cultural relics, traditional streets, folk culture and rich ancient capital flavor.
The natural conditions of talents and rich cultural landscape complement each other, and celebrities come forth in large numbers, which constitutes the characteristics of Shaoxing cultural gathering.
In an area of 79,065,438+0 square kilometers, there are more than 3,600 cultural relics, which still preserve rich historical and cultural relics such as the Spring and Autumn Period, the Warring States Period, the Han Dynasty, the Jin Dynasty, the Five Dynasties, the Tang Dynasty, the Song Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty.
Among them, there are 192 sites that have been announced as key cultural relics protection units by * * at all levels over the years, including 4 national sites (Qianfu Road, Lu Xun's former residence, Qiu Jin's former residence and Dayu Tomb), 46 provincial sites and 42 city (county) sites 142. In addition, the local collection of cultural relics can not be underestimated, with only 65,000 pieces of first-class products among more than 35,000 pieces.
2. What is the present situation of these cultural relics?
Among the existing 103 historical and cultural cities in China, some historical and cultural cities have also been artificially destroyed because the relationship between protection and development has not been properly handled.
Generally speaking, China's famous historical and cultural cities are facing nine major contradictions.
The first contradiction is the contradiction between the protection of famous cities and the development of cities.
Due to the cognitive deviation between historical and cultural values and urban development values, cases of tearing down old cities and building new ones have appeared frequently.
The second contradiction is the contradiction between the road structure of the ancient city and the contemporary traffic demand.
The roads of historical and cultural cities are generally very narrow and short, but the contemporary traffic requires fast and smooth.
In order to widen the road, some ancient cities destroyed the pattern of ancient cities.
The third contradiction is the contradiction between the backwardness of ancient dwellings and the needs of modern life.
The housing facilities in historical and cultural cities can't meet the contemporary people's pursuit of comfortable life. In order to improve the living conditions of citizens, some famous historical and cultural cities regard "old city reconstruction" as their political achievements, and the pattern of ancient cities will be destroyed.
The fourth contradiction is the contradiction between the financial guarantee for the protection of famous cities and the funds for urban management and development.
The existing "cultural relics protection fund" can only be used for the rescue protection of discovered cultural relics, while the large amount of funds needed for the protection of historical and cultural cities lacks financial guarantee, and financial funds often support visible "affordable" urban management and development projects.
The fifth contradiction is the cultural and commercial contradiction in the process of rational utilization of cultural relics in famous cities.
In order to develop tourism, some famous historical and cultural cities have been overexploited and overused.
The sixth contradiction is the policy inequality between the old city and the new city.
In order to protect the ancient city, some historical and cultural cities have opened up new cities outside the old city.
However, in terms of policy making and management power, it tends to tilt towards the new city.
The seventh contradiction is the integrity of ancient city protection and the contradiction of point, line and area protection.
Many historical and cultural cities often focus on the protection of "cultural relics protection units", but lack effective measures for the overall protection of historical and cultural cities, making the cultural relics of ancient cities "isolated islands" in modern cities.
The eighth contradiction, the contradiction between destruction and recovery.
In the process of urbanization and industrialization, many famous historical and cultural cities have been destroyed to varying degrees.
With the appeal of people of insight and the acceleration of the process of legalization, the protection of historical and cultural cities and the restoration of historical and cultural blocks have begun to be included in the work schedule of * *.
However, compared with the speed and intensity of damage in previous years, it is obviously difficult to match protection and restoration.
The ninth contradiction is the contradiction of management system.
In the process of protection and rational utilization of historical and cultural cities, there are diversity and resistance in management. The departments related to the protection and utilization of scenic spots and historical sites include construction, cultural relics, tourism, gardens, culture, urban management and industrial and commercial management. Some give priority to protection, while others give priority to utilization. Policy opposition caused by institutional incompatibility is also common.
The key to these contradictions in historical and cultural cities is the lack of a correct view of political achievements.
Starting from 1982, there are 103 cities in China that have become national historical and cultural cities.
In the process of accelerating urbanization and industrialization, decision makers in some famous historical and cultural cities regard "old city reconstruction" as a political achievement. Driven by the idea of quick success and instant benefit, historical and cultural cities suffered what they thought was destruction.
In the celebration of "the ancient city has grown taller", high-rise buildings have replaced traditional blocks and modern buildings have replaced ancient houses. Originally a historic city with a whole forest, only a handful of cultural relics have been cut down, and cultural relics have become "islands" in modern cities.
What's more, some leaders regard Huang Zhong as a clay pot, tearing down real antiques and building fake antiques in historical and cultural cities, and their historical context is blocked.
The Third Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee pointed out: adhere to the people-oriented principle and establish a comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development concept.
This principle is of great significance to the protection of historical and cultural cities.
After mankind entered 2 1 century, culture has become the soul of the city.
The more developed China's social economy is, the more profound China's 7,000-year cultural connotation will be.
Urban construction must take into account the protection of historical and cultural cities, and improving people's living conditions cannot be at the expense of destroying historical sites.
A famous historical and cultural city is the carrier of inheriting Chinese civilization. Protecting this carrier is the best achievement of a famous historical and cultural city.
As far as Shaoxing is concerned, the rich culture nurtured by this ancient city is the greatest feature and wealth of contemporary Shaoxing, and it is also the source of power and important support for Shaoxing's development.
The more modern a city is, the more it depends on the support of culture.
Protecting historical and cultural heritage means protecting development force and promoting sustainable development.
Shaoxing has achieved "six persistences" in dealing with the relationship between the protection and rational utilization of historical and cultural cities: adhering to scientific planning, formulating the protection plan of Shaoxing's historical and cultural cities, and under the guidance of planning, carrying out various work such as the protection of ancient city pattern, the renovation of rivers and lakes, the restoration of cultural relics and historical blocks, so as to make the protection of ancient cities on a healthy, standardized and effective track; Adhere to protection, investing 400 million yuan, investing 1 and 1 billion yuan in 8 national, 25 provincial and 69 municipal cultural relics protection units and 83 cultural relics sites with cultural relics protection value, and protecting and repairing 7 historical blocks with a total area of 2 million square meters, including Lu Xun's hometown. After the restoration, Cang Qiao Zhijie won the UNESCO Asia-Pacific Cultural Heritage Protection Excellence Award; Adhere to the harmony of style and features, protect and continue the water city pattern formed before the Tang Dynasty and the street pattern established in the Song Dynasty, protect and continue the spatial form and architectural style of the ancient city, and gradually restore the architectural style of "white walls and tiles"; Adhere to culture as the soul, deeply explore and vigorously promote cultural heritage such as celebrity culture, ancient Yue culture, product culture, opera culture and folk culture; Adhere to ecological harmony, attach great importance to the planning, protection and utilization of urban water system, dredge and maintain urban river 17, and thoroughly rectify the river around the city with a length of 12 km, so that the urban water system will be smooth, stagnant water will become alive, living water will be clearer, and clear water will continue to flow, so as to maintain Shaoxing's water city characteristics as "Venice of the East"; Insist on brand building, further shape the brand of "Shaoxing with Jiangnan culture, Shaoxing with Jiangnan ancient city and Shaoxing with Jiangnan customs", and also introduce cultural products such as study tour of Lu Xun's hometown, study tour of Lu Xun's customs, study tour of Lanting calligraphy, study tour of ancient city culture and Shaoxing tour of teaching materials, which are well received by tourists.
China's historical and cultural city belongs to China and the world.
It is the historical responsibility to protect historical and cultural cities and let contemporary people enjoy the charm of ancient city culture.
Managers of historical and cultural cities should strictly abide by the UNESCO Convention for the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage, China's Cultural Relics Law and the requirements for strengthening the protection of cultural heritage, persist in proceeding from reality, organically combine the protection of historical and cultural cities with the development of cultural tourism, and actively explore new ways of organically combining the protection, development and utilization of historical and cultural cities to better serve contemporary people. Promote the prosperity of cultural tourism and the sustainable development of historical and cultural cities, and realize the combination of ancient city protection with economy and society.
In the process of ancient city protection, Shaoxing city has tasted the sweetness, urban infrastructure has been continuously improved, and cultural tourism has been rising, which has promoted the benign interaction between ancient city protection and tourism development.
Last year, Shaoxing * * * received domestic and foreign tourists15.23 million person-times, and realized tourism income11600 million yuan. The urban environment and the quality of life of residents have improved significantly.
Last year, Shaoxing was hailed as the happiest city.
The protection of historical and cultural cities is an eternal theme, and it is also an important topic to promote the benign interaction between the protection of ancient cities and the development of cultural tourism.
It is our bounden sacred mission to protect, make good use of and inherit the historical and cultural heritage.
As long as we study, protect and develop the ancient city better, we can make modernization and the protection of historical and cultural cities complement each other and create new advantages for urban development.
3. Introduction of Shaoxing historical and cultural city protection planning.
Shaoxing historical and cultural city protection plan has been compiled many times. This plan was drawn up in March 1999 and implemented with the approval of the provincial government in 200 1 12.
First, the planning concept
1, forming a perfect protection system.
It is necessary to protect tangible and substantial historical natural and cultural heritages such as the pattern of ancient cities, traditional features, historical blocks, cultural relics and monuments, and also to protect and inherit intangible excellent cultural traditions.
2. Take various planning methods at the macro and micro levels to protect and continue the pattern and style of the ancient city and realize the sustainable development of the famous city.
Such as the improvement of the function of the ancient city, the adjustment of land use layout, the relief of population, and the gradual rectification of constructive damage in the past.
According to different protection objects, different protection methods are put forward, such as delineating protection scope, determining protection classification and protection requirements, and carrying out six types of protection and repair for buildings.
3. In view of the characteristics of Shaoxing's many historical and cultural relics, small scale and scattered historical blocks, we should plan and construct a system, enhance the integrity, and strive to form a comprehensive image with basically the same style and pattern, which can not only show the historical and cultural accumulation of the ancient city, but also reflect its characteristics.
First, through the protection of the urban water system, nearly two-thirds of the cultural protection units in the ancient city are connected with the seven historical blocks to form an overall image that can reflect and represent the historical and cultural characteristics of Shaoxing ancient city; The second is to string points by road and string scenery by green; The third is to organize two historical contexts: ancient and modern.
4. Put forward effective protection planning measures, so as to implement the protection planning of Shaoxing historical and cultural city.
Second, the spatial layout
Based on the actual situation of Shaoxing ancient city, the protection of Shaoxing famous city adopts the combination of "point, line and surface" protection and the protection of ancient city pattern and style.
The so-called "points" are to protect 6 1 cultural relics protection units and 83 cultural relics protection points.
The so-called "line" is to protect the unique urban river and lake system of "three verticals, two rings, six lines and eight pools" and the unique water landscape belt of "one river and one road", "one river and two roads" and "no river road".
The so-called "face" is to protect seven historical blocks with traditional characteristics, such as Yuezicheng, Baziqiao, Luxun Road, Xixihe, Mangshan, Xinhe Lane and Shimen.
At the same time, rescue and protect the endangered spatial pattern of the ancient city with the "three mountains and two towers" as the commanding height and the first and second floors of traditional houses, and protect six landscape corridors and control the building height of the ancient city with black, white and gray colors.
Combine the protection of "point, line and surface" with the protection of the pattern and style of the ancient city to fully reflect and display the historical and cultural features of the ancient city.
Third, innovation and characteristics
1. Integrity of planning results.
There are planning texts, plans, explanations, basic data compilation and implementation effects.
2. Perfection of protection theory system.
From the protection of tangible historical and cultural heritage to the protection of intangible excellent cultural traditions, from the protection of cultural heritage to the protection of natural heritage, from reviewing history and summing up experiences and lessons, to guiding future work theory, and from the aspects of protection and sustainable development, this paper has carried out in-depth analysis and demonstration.
3. The basic information is informative, the scheme is scientific and reasonable, and the operability is strong.
The plan was compiled on the basis of full investigation and study, which is very suitable for the actual situation of Shaoxing ancient city protection.
The Plan defines the protection period, principles, objectives, scope and content of the ancient city, delineates different protection ranges for different protected objects, implements hierarchical protection, divides the buildings in the protected area into six protection and transformation modes: protection, improvement, reconstruction, preservation, arrangement and demolition, and makes detailed provisions on the buildings, volume, shape, height and color in the ancient city.
4. The text is refined, the expression is accurate, the drawings are clear, the visibility is strong, and the pictures and texts are illustrated, which provides a reliable basis for planning management.
Four. Main technical and economic indicators
The planned area is 336.5 square kilometers.
Take 8.32 square kilometers of Shaoxing ancient city as the key area of historical and cultural city protection planning.
It is planned that the population in the ancient city will be reduced from 6.5438+0.5 million to 6.5438+0.5 million, and the per capita construction land will be increased from 55.5 square meters to 83 square meters.
The protection of "point, line and surface" is combined with the protection of the ancient city pattern and style.
"Point": 6 1 cultural relics protection units and 83 cultural relics protection points are protected.
"Line": protect 32.2 kilometers of rivers and lakes, 84 bridges and 0/8 rivers/kloc; Protect the water town landscape belt with a range of about 50 meters on both sides of one river and one road, one river and two roads, and no roads; Protect six landscape corridors.
"Face": Protect five big and two small historical blocks.
See table 1 and table 2 for area indicators.
"Spatial form and building height of the ancient city": To protect the spatial form of the ancient city, three towers (Fushan 74.2m, Tashan 30.2m and Jishan 53.3m) (Yingtian Tower 69.78m and Dashan Tower 40.5m) are taken as commanding heights, and the first and second floors are traditional houses.
New high-rise buildings are prohibited within the ancient city. The height of new buildings in the reserve is controlled at 4-6 floors, the cornice height is 13.4m- 19m, and the colors are mainly black, white and gray.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) implementation effect
According to "Shaoxing Historical and Cultural City Protection Plan", 70 million yuan was invested to organize and implement the protection and renovation projects of the section from Zhu Bao Bridge to Fengyi Bridge in Cang Qiao Zhijie (Hongqi Road) and the two sides of Shan Zhi Zhijie (the hometown of scholars) in Jishan Historical District, which achieved good economic and social benefits.
Other related projects are also carried out step by step according to the planning requirements.