Since the implementation of the new curriculum reform in senior high school, the propositional model of college entrance examination Chinese has been constantly explored, especially the life system of composition questions, which is steadily striving for greater autonomy, selectivity and inquiry. As a new type of composition, new material composition has attracted much attention in recent years, especially the national examination papers and proposition experts in some provinces and cities. Compared with topic composition and proposition composition, new material composition needs to open students' discovery ability and cognitive ability, and can provide students with opportunities and rights to decide their own angles, ideas, styles and topics. "Novelty" lies in the relaxation of thinking, which makes the composition have more writing angles and more writing personality, and embodies the new spirit of Chinese curriculum reform under the background of new curriculum.

The preparation of new material composition is relatively difficult because: first of all, the materials provided by the composition are mostly narrative materials, and most of them have no obvious words and phrases that suggest ideas; Secondly, candidates lack thinking training for a long time, so they can't analyze the materials in depth, and the examination of questions is easy to go astray; Third, there is no established understanding of the concept of the new material composition test, and the front-line teachers in various schools have different views on the composition test. So there is a situation where candidates don't know how to write and teachers don't know how to change. To solve this problem, the key is to train the effective thinking ability of examining questions. In view of the fact that most of the new material compositions are narrative materials, this paper puts forward a new starting point-contradictory cutting.

The so-called contradiction cut-in method is to find one or more groups of contrasting or contradictory relationships in the materials, then analyze the causes of contradictions, and then determine the writing angle and intention.

First, the contradiction of materials.

Contradiction cut-in method is mainly aimed at reviewing the topic of narrative material composition. Looking at the composition questions of college entrance examination and mock exam in recent years, there are often some contrasts or contradictions in the materials provided by the questions. This contrast or contradiction is actually several groups of relationships that form a sharp contrast in materials. This is not intentional by the proposer, and the law and essence of things are closely related to contradictions.

Example 1: Read the following text and write an article of not less than 800 words as required. (2008 National College Entrance Examination Chinese New Curriculum Standard)

Xiaolan and her mother both like listening to birds sing and watching them fly. The mother and daughter raised birds for the first time. Mother is very busy and daughter is very playful. These birds starved to death in a few days. The second time I raised a bird, my mother and my daughter agreed to treat the bird well. This time I kept it for a month, and the bird grew very well. But my friend said that you cruelly deprived the bird of the right to sing and fly freely, and the mother and daughter reluctantly let the bird fly. The third close contact with birds was because I received an invitation to participate in the release activities. The letter said that the release activities are both environmentally friendly and charitable. The mother and daughter bought two pairs of birds and happily went to participate in the release activities. Climbing to the top of the mountain, I saw hundreds of people flying, saluting, and thousands of Qi Fei, some smiling, some folding piously. After the mother and daughter went down the mountain, they heard the owner of the flower and bird market say excitedly that the demand for birds has greatly increased since the release activity, and they have to catch birds in the dark every morning to supply them.

Requirements: choose a side and an angle to conceive the composition, independently determine the concept, style and title; Don't deviate from the content and meaning of the material, don't copy it, and don't copy it.

There is no suggestive quotation in this essay question, which seems to be more autonomous, but the actual situation is that candidates can't find a clear direction when examining the question.

Try to find out the contrast or contradiction in the materials one by one: the contradiction between mother and daughter who like birds, the contradiction that is not good for birds; The contradiction between mother and daughter's deprivation of freedom by raising birds; The contradiction between mother and daughter's participation in release activities and the market boss's making a fortune by catching birds; The contradiction between the prevalence of release activities and the substantial increase in bird catches ... these contradictions are unified in the materials. As long as you choose a contradiction as the starting point when reviewing the questions, you can basically grasp the meaning of the materials and find the connection point of thinking.

Example 2: Read the following text and write an article of not less than 800 words as required. (2008 National College Entrance Examination Chinese Volume 1)

On the small island in the South Pacific, there are many sand caves where green turtles hatch their young turtles. One night, a little turtle poked its head out and an eagle rushed down and took it away. A kind passenger found it, ran to drive away the eagle and climbed into the sea with the turtle. However, unexpected things happened, and groups of young turtles filed out of the sand hole-the first young turtle to come out was a "scout", and once it was in danger, it shrank back. Now it has reached the sea safely, and the wrong information makes the little turtles scramble to climb to the uncovered beach. The kind tourists left, and the eagle that had been waiting for the opportunity flew back, and other eagles followed.

Ask to choose an angle to conceive the composition. Independently determine the concept, style and title; Don't deviate from the content and meaning of the material, don't copy it, and don't copy it.

There are more contrasting contradictions in this composition: the contradiction between the good intentions of tourists and the final outcome of turtles; The contradiction between tourists' good intentions and eagles' killing turtles; The contradiction between the caution of the tortoise and the ultimate injury; The contrast between the eagle being driven away and finally flying back ... this is basically the direction of the material. From this point of view, the thinking of examining questions will not be carried out at one point, but on a group of relationships, which can basically avoid the mistakes of digression or even digression.

By enumerating the contradictions between the above two materials, we can roughly summarize the types of contradictions in the composition of new materials:

1, the contradiction between practice (idea) and result

The characters or things in the material do something or have an idea, but the result is quite different from their original intention. For example, in the case of 1, the mother and daughter participated in the release activity, which was originally intended for charity, but led to a great increase in the catch of birds; In Example 2, tourists kindly drove away the eagle, but sent the wrong message, which led to the unfortunate fate of the tortoise.

2, the contradiction between different people (things)

There may be more than one person or thing provided in the material, and the thoughts, behaviors and final results of different people or things may be quite different. For example, case 1, mother and daughter and market boss have completely different ideas and behaviors; In Example 2, there is a clear contrast between turtles and eagles in grasping opportunities.

3. The contradiction of time.

The thoughts and behaviors of people or things in materials are inconsistent on the horizontal axis of time, and sometimes even completely opposite. For example, in the case of 1, the mother and daughter were not very kind to the birds at first, but later they were very kind to the birds and participated in the release activities; In Example 2, the eagle was driven away and later attacked.

In fact, there is always a contradiction that is the main contradiction in the material. The main contradiction is often the most intense contradiction with the biggest contrast. Grasping this contradiction to examine the topic is actually grasping the main tendency and main idea of the material. Of course, the new material composition needs to be conceived from an angle, so some small contradictions can naturally become intentional thinking directions.

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Second, the contradiction analysis

The idea of examining the topic of new material composition is not only to find contradictions, but to find contradictions and then analyze them in depth. How to analyze it? Since there are contradictions, we should start with the causes of contradictions or the methods to solve them.

1, analyze the main reasons for the contradiction.

There may be many reasons for the contradiction. No matter how you analyze it, the preconditions should be clearly seen from the materials. Don't empty the materials, impose the candidates' own will on the materials, and add reasons out of thin air. The objective or subjective reasons for this contradiction are analyzed in combination with materials. Objective causes refer to social causes, general laws or philosophy of life in the times when contradictions arise; Subjective cause refers to the unilateral cause of the subject of contradiction, such as the character, quality or characteristics of things. Contradictions always have a main reason. Whether it is objective or subjective depends on the material.

In case 1, there is a contradiction between the mother and daughter's participation in the release activities and the market boss's making a fortune by catching birds. Subjectively, the reason for this contradiction should be mainly the personal qualities of the mother and daughter and the market boss. Mother and daughter are charitable, and the market boss is greedy. Judging from the contradiction between the prevalence of release activities and the large increase in bird catching, the subjective reason should be that businessmen make profits through charity, and the objective reason can be attributed to the disharmony between man and nature. To analyze the main causes of the contradiction, we must look at the essence through the phenomenon, and we should not be obsessed with raising birds or releasing them. Through the analysis of the causes of contradictions, we can roughly find the angle and direction of conception, and then we must carefully choose the best conception for refining. From the example of 1, we can think from the dialectical height of man and nature, freedom and life, love and interest, behavior and result. From this perspective, the conception is naturally more profound, which also benefits from the analysis of the reasons for a group of relationships that constitute contradictions.

2. Explore ways to solve contradictions.

The causes of some contradictions may or may not be complicated, but they are difficult to generalize and refine. Analyze the reasons why this road is impassable, so we should actively look for another road. At first, we looked for the existence of contradictions in materials, in fact, in order to be able to solve contradictions. Analyzing the causes of contradictions is actually to solve them. Therefore, it should also be a correct way of thinking and angle to explore the solutions to contradictions. There should be many ways to solve contradictions, but we should also pay attention to close contact with materials when discussing. The thinking and thinking of some methods are too far away from the material and should be boldly abandoned; Some methods, measures and operations run counter to materials and should be resolutely abandoned. Generally speaking, the methods to solve contradictions can also start from both subjective and objective aspects. We can discuss how to solve the contradiction from subjective angles such as human nature, spirit and quality, and also from objective angles such as nature and society.

In Example 2, it is not difficult to analyze the contradiction between tourists' good intentions and the final outcome of the tortoise. Let's try to analyze it from the perspective of solving contradictions. In this group of contradictions, as long as the behavior of tourists or turtles changes, this contradiction will not arise. If the tourist is not so kind, or he follows the laws of nature; If the tortoise had not been misled by the wrong information of human beings, then the tragedy would not have happened. After hypothesis analysis, contradictory solutions also surfaced, and the concept naturally began to be clear. From the tourist's point of view, it is against the laws of nature for him to rescue turtles. Although he meant well, he did something bad, so it's better to sit back and watch. From the turtle's point of view, correct information transmission is very important for their survival, but the "unexpected" phenomenon still happened. Through the analysis of conflict resolution methods, the orientation should be obvious, such as: we should follow the laws of nature; We should re-recognize the role and position of human beings in nature; Never do bad things with kindness; We should seek truth from facts, conduct investigation and study, and don't let wrong information mislead us. ...

3. From analysis to refining

Above, we discussed the analysis of material contradiction in the new material composition exam. From the establishment of contradictions to the refinement of opinions, there are roughly five steps:

(1) Determine which groups of opposing contradictions are written in the material;

(2) Determine which set of contradictions is the main one. Generally, the biggest contradiction is the direction of conception;

(3) From a material point of view, what is the objective or subjective cause of this major contradiction;

④ Look at the essence through phenomena, refine the objective reasons into general philosophy, refine the subjective reasons into spiritual quality, or deeply analyze what is the fundamental way to solve contradictions;

⑤ Summarize this philosophical thought, spiritual quality or practice in concise and eye-catching language, and take it as the best idea of the article.

Example 3: Read the following text and write an article of not less than 800 words as required.

Cong Fei, a famous singer, saved money and donated 3 million yuan to support 178 poor students. When he was critically ill in hospital and in financial difficulties, none of the young people who were funded to work in the local area came to visit him. After this incident was disclosed by the media, one of the recipients complained that it made him lose face. Cong Fei said, don't blame them, I don't need medical treatment anymore.

Xiao Li, a student of South China Agricultural University, and his classmates donated the money from selling waste products to a Hope Primary School. Soon, Xiao Li was diagnosed with leukemia. Teachers and students of this Hope Primary School donated money to Xiao Li, and a fourth-grade girl donated 10 yuan. Asked why she donated all the lucky money for the New Year, she said, "Just do as Sister Xiao Li said." Asked what it was, she said, "Remember others' help and learn to help others. "

Ask to choose an angle to conceive the composition, and independently determine the conception, style and title; Don't deviate from the content and meaning of the material, don't copy it, and don't copy it.

In Example 3, the materials provide two examples, which are in sharp contrast: the former is Cong Fei's selfless donation and the recipient doesn't know how to return it, and the latter is student Xiao Li's helping others. From the perspective of comprehensive understanding of materials, this is the most important contradiction of materials and naturally the main tendency of conception. Subjectively, this contradiction is determined by the quality of the recipient himself. The recipient of the former material does not know how to be grateful, but the recipient of the latter material remembers the support of others. This can be refined into such viewpoints as "learn to be grateful and repay kindness", "pass on love" and "remember others' help to yourself". From an objective point of view, this contradiction is actually the contrast between ungrateful and grateful human concepts in current society. The materials did not deliberately avoid the ugly side of human nature in real life, and put the positive and negative materials together to make people think. This is the actual situation in the process of building a civilized society and a harmonious society. From the perspective of solving contradictions, it is actually very simple, that is, advocating the socialist concept of honor and disgrace, improving moral cultivation, and learning to be grateful and rewarding.

The topic requires that you can choose an angle to conceive the composition, which means that there are many faces and angles for candidates to choose from. If you look at a single material alone, it is also contradictory. In the previous materials, Cong Fei's selfless donation and the unknown return of the donee are a set of clear contradictions, and the unknown return of the donee and Cong Fei's "Don't blame them" form a set of contradictions. Cong Fei's precious spirit of giving without expecting anything in return, his broad-minded attitude of treating others with leniency and repaying grievances with virtue, is in sharp contrast with the ingratitude and narrow-mindedness of the giver, and his mind is well prepared.

At present, the teaching of new material composition lacks necessary thinking training, and most candidates can't integrate into the analysis and understanding of materials. The new material composition is not a variant of the topic composition, so we can't use the thinking mode of the topic composition to examine the topic, let alone simply "copy" the ready-made article and be opportunistic. The contradiction cut-in method mentioned above is aimed at most narrative materials, and can also be regarded as an exploration of the thinking method of examining topics in new material compositions. Through such a cut-in analysis, candidates can certainly form a correct thinking of examining questions, and take them out of context and expand them at will to get rid of their incomprehensible ideas. A novelty is not equal to a spirit. For the examination of new material composition, we should still analyze and think in a down-to-earth way, pay more attention to life and society, and strive to find a conception angle that is both in line with the meaning of the question and lacks individuality.

This is a story in Zen. In ancient times, there was a clever and brave general. Once, he led the army against the enemy, and the strength of the two sides was far from each other. All his troops are only one-tenth of the other's, so all the soldiers are a little lacking in confidence. The general went to a temple to ask God for advice. Then, he took out a copper coin and said in front of all the soldiers, "victory or defeat is in heaven, let the gods decide our fate!" " If the copper coins fall face up, God will bless us invincible; If we face down, it is God who makes us fail, so we have to resign ourselves to fate. "General said, and gently throw, copper fell to the ground, face up, the whole army immediately happy. Then the general threw it again, still heads. In this way, the soldiers were full of joy and morale, and finally won. After the triumphant return, the soldiers took the initiative to thank the gods for their blessing. At this time, the general took out copper coins for everyone to see. It turns out that this copper coin is positive on both sides. The soldiers suddenly realized that it was not the gods who blessed them to win, but themselves.

Tip:

1, it can be considered that there has never been a savior, people's fate is in their own hands, and they can't vent their anger.

2. It can highlight the important role of clever and witty encouragement at critical moments.

It can be proved that full of confidence and upward spirit can exert great potential.