David? Hume is regarded as one of the most important figures in the history of Scottish Enlightenment and Western philosophy. The following is my carefully collected short story of British philosopher Hume for your reference ~

Personal profile

Hume's modern scholars only focused on Hume's philosophical thoughts, but he was first famous as a historian, and his book "History of England" became the basic work of British historians at that time for 60 to 70 years. Historians generally classify Hume's philosophy as complete skepticism, but some people think that naturalism is also one of Hume's central ideas. Scholars who study Hume often divide it into those who emphasize skepticism (such as logical positivism) and those who emphasize naturalism. Hume's philosophy was influenced by the empiricist John? Locke and George? Becquerel's profound influence was also influenced by some French writers, and he also absorbed various British intellectuals such as Isaac? Newton, Francis? Hutcheson, Adam? The theory of Smith and others.

Who is left?

Hume attended a dinner party shortly before his death. At the banquet, a guest complained that the world is full of hostility and the opposition between people is too deep. Old philosophers don't think so. ? No, it's not what you said. ? He said seriously? You see, I have written about all kinds of hostile topics, moral, political, economic and religious, but I have no enemies except Whigs, Tories and Christians. ?

No need to add icing on the cake

British idealist philosopher Hume is also an economist and historian. After retiring in his later years, he can still get a pension of 65,438+0,000 pounds and a book publishing fee every year. The History of Great Britain, which he wrote when he was a librarian in Edinburgh Library, was a bestseller reprinted many times. People around him advised him to write a sequel until now.

The philosopher spread out his hands and said, gentlemen, you have given me too much honor, but I don't want to write any more for four reasons: I am too old, too fat, too lazy and too rich. ?

Hume's religious view

Hume's early papers? Superstition and religion? He laid the foundation for almost all his later works on religious history. In Hume's time, people who want to criticize religious beliefs should be cautious. For example, just before Hume was born 15, Thomas Eikenhead, a college student aged 18, just commented on Christianity. Nonsense? He was prosecuted by the church and finally found guilty of blasphemy and hanged. So Hume only expressed his theory tactfully, and most of them were presented in the dialogue with fictional characters. Hume didn't admit that he was the author of the theory of human nature until the year of 1776. His papers on Suicide and Immortality of the Soul and his book Dialogue on Natural Religion were published after his death (published in 1778 and 1779, respectively). There is neither Hume's name nor the name of the publisher in these works. These arrangements made by Hume to hide his authorship also make scholars still have great disputes about whether Hume is a deist or an atheist. In any case, the rumor that Hume was an atheist at that time really hit a wall and was banned when he applied for a job.

Hume once mentioned to a friend that he was accidentally killed? Transformation? The process of becoming a Christian: When he crossed a newly dried-up lake in the center of Edinburgh on his way to supervise the construction site of his new home, he accidentally slipped into the mire and was trapped there because of obesity. At this time, some fish sellers happened to pass by and saw Hume's predicament, but they quickly recognized him as a famous atheist and refused to rescue him. After Hume promised to become a Christian and was forced to read the Lord's prayer and creed in the mud, these strong fish sellers pulled him up. Hume joked to his friends afterwards, who are these fish women? The smartest theologian he has ever seen? .

The classic epigram of British philosopher Hume

1. It is labor itself that constitutes the main factor in your pursuit of happiness. Any enjoyment that is not obtained through hard work will soon become boring.

Prosperity makes our energy idle and useless, so that we can't feel our own strength, but obstacles awaken this strength and use it.

Morality can be regarded as a means to an end. As long as the goal is valuable, so are the means to achieve it.

4. Rationality conveys true and false knowledge, and interest produces feelings of beauty, ugliness, good and evil.

Obviously, pride and humility are the opposite, but the object is the same. This object is the self.

6. Reason itself must never be the motive of any will activity.

7. The absence of the beloved makes lovers miss and lament from time to time, which makes them feel great pain, but nothing is more conducive to deepening their feelings than a short farewell.

I am very willing to seize the opportunity to admit my mistake. I think such a spirit of returning to truth and reason is more glorious than having the most correct judgment.

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