On Kindergarten Education and Primary School Education 1 The Guiding Outline of Kindergarten Education (Trial) points out: "Kindergartens should work closely with families and communities, connect with primary schools, and make comprehensive use of various educational resources to create favorable conditions for children's development." In other words, it is an important task for kindergarten teachers and an important part of basic education to make a good connection between kindergarten education and primary education and prepare children for entering primary school. In order to make children grow up healthily in a relaxed educational environment, make a smooth transition from the development stage of kindergarten education to the development stage of primary education, and achieve good educational results, it is necessary to prepare children's learning ability, learning attitude, learning habits, emotions and will in a purposeful, organized and planned way.
First of all, recognize the educational differences at both ends of the convergence.
The education at both ends of the convergence is very different.
Early childhood education is enlightenment education, and what kindergarten learns is the basis for lower grades to receive education. Compared with pre-school education, the most striking feature of the lower grades of primary schools is that they gradually move from "hazy" to "sober". The school environment has changed, seemingly far from social life, but from the standard form of life, study and work and rest time in lower grades, it has obvious sociality.
(2) Kindergarten is based on "protection and nurturing", and teachers take good care of it, so that children can live a carefree life. A lot of children's knowledge is easily learned in an intuitive way through games and objects. After entering primary school, there are six or seven classes every day, and many things are done by children independently. If the kindergarten emphasizes "care" and "care", then the first grade pays attention to "self-care" and "self-reliance". Although kindergartens also have standardized life, behavior and norms, teachers are more responsible for the role of "nurses".
③ From the psychological point of view, the time limit of students' "intentional attention" is much lower than that of "unintentional attention". However, the first-grade students in primary school have basically acquired the ability to take care of themselves in daily life, and all they need is "teaching", "restraint" and "self-discipline", while the discipline restraint has changed from "softening" to "hardening". It is true that in this process, emphasizing the standardization of life and the cultivation of good behavior habits not only has a realistic physiological basis, but also has an important impact on its future growth. Today, as a teacher in the transitional period between kindergarten and primary school, it is especially necessary to deal with the guidance of children at this stage so that they can adapt to the new learning and living environment more quickly.
Second, solidly carry out the study and research on the topic of convergence.
To do a good job in the connection between kindergarten education and primary education, we should seriously carry out the study and research on the connection topics, boldly accumulate experience and practice, and explore strategies and ways to realize the effective connection of children from the aspects of habits, attitudes, emotions, abilities and knowledge, so that children can adapt to the changes in interpersonal relationships, learning methods, behavioral norms and learning environment as soon as possible after entering primary school, and smoothly transition to the learning life of primary schools. According to the actual situation and the age characteristics of young children, we have formulated the detailed rules for the target training of young children, and made it clear that small, middle and large classes should have different requirements and priorities at different age stages. For example, small classes focus on learning self-care ability training, paying attention to hygiene, respecting elders and being polite. In the middle class, we should focus on cultivating children's polite communication habits; In large classes, we should cultivate children's good study habits. For example, correct sitting posture, pen holding posture, writing posture, punctuality, discipline, love of learning, love of knowledge and other habits. Although each has its own emphasis, these contents should be infiltrated from small classes. If you don't educate at first, once you form bad habits, it will be difficult to correct them. After education, some habits and abilities of large-class children will be obviously improved, laying a good foundation for children to go to primary school.
Third, focus on cultivating children's ability to listen, speak, write and read.
According to the age characteristics of young children, we should focus on cultivating their listening, speaking, writing and watching abilities.
① Ability to concentrate on obedience: Children's ability to concentrate on obedience can be cultivated through daily teaching in large classes.
Ability to speak fluently: Only when children really learn to speak can they communicate freely with others, and at the same time, they can better accept the knowledge and experience taught by teachers.
3 Ability to write freely: Let children train the flexibility of their fingers through operation activities, thus exercising the ability to write freely.
Ability to read correctly: Teachers should guide children to read in a planned way, so that children can gradually develop correct reading habits.
Fourth, guide children to develop good behavior habits.
The education of children's behavior habits in kindergartens far exceeds that of lower grade pupils. The ancients said, "Cultivating Qi is the foundation of holiness." . Meaning: Children's enlightenment education and good behavior habits have laid a solid foundation for their great achievements. Then, good behavior habits should be cultivated from small things, inspire children's consciousness, strengthen behavior training and habit formation, and urge children to be integrated with knowledge and practice. For example, learn to organize school supplies, educate children to observe discipline, cultivate children's concept of time, cultivate civilized behavior, and require students to pay attention to lectures in class. In order to build a platform for children and satisfy their desire for practical operation, indoor and outdoor regional activities can be set up, such as art design area, education area, language area and building area. Through collective discussion with children, establish the rules of entering each area, such as entering the area according to the number of people specified in each area, don't make any noise, and put the items back in place after playing. Children learn to arrange their own activities by their own choice, be the master of activities, and understand the relationship between activities and rules, thus forming a good habit of obeying rules. Children in large classes are full of curiosity and yearning for the study and life in primary schools. They might as well organize a primary school visit every semester: first, visit the primary school campus, classrooms, activity rooms, computer rooms, dance rooms, painting and calligraphy rooms, handicraft rooms and squadron activity rooms. The second is to let children watch primary school students attend classes, watch big brothers and big sisters listen carefully, and actively raise their hands to answer questions. Children will admire them. During the visit, the children initially felt the difference between kindergarten and primary school, and eliminated the anxiety of primary school in their hearts: the original primary school is as beautiful and as good as kindergarten! The development of these activities will make the children in large classes yearn for primary school life more.
Fifth, exercise the child's self-control will.
After children enter primary school, they have to undertake high-intensity learning tasks. They should not only concentrate on active learning, but also control themselves not to talk casually during class time and not to do small moves unrelated to class. Therefore, it is very important to cultivate children's will in the kindergarten large class learning stage for cultivating children's self-control. Teachers should make full use of all aspects of daily activities to cultivate children's self-control and sense of responsibility. Whatever children can do, try to let them do it independently. For example, tidy up your clothes before lunch break, participate in distributing snacks and school supplies, and set tables and chairs. After the game, put away your toys and look after the animals and plants in the natural corner. For children who are afraid of difficulties, dependence and carelessness, positive education should be carried out in time to gradually cultivate and improve their willpower. Teachers should promote children's good study habits in a planned way, such as the habit of sitting correctly in class, listening attentively and raising their hands to speak; Love school supplies, the habit of keeping books and homework tidy, the habit of earnestly completing study tasks, the habit of following signals and acting quickly, and the habit of strictly observing work and rest hours.
The transition from kindergarten to the first grade of primary school will become an important starting point for children to truly go to society. Therefore, we should not dabble in teaching practice, but should constantly study ways and means to effectively promote the relationship between children, so as to lay a solid foundation for children to adapt to primary school life as soon as possible.
Abstract: This paper points out the problems existing in the current connection between kindergarten education and primary education, and puts forward some countermeasures to promote the effective connection between kindergarten education and primary education.
Keywords: young cohesion; Problems; Countermeasures
First, the relationship between kindergarten education and primary education.
The quality of education in the stage of "connecting children" plays an important role in children's physical and mental health development and learning quality, but there are still some problems in education and teaching at this stage, which need to be paid attention to by teachers.
1. Preschool education tends to be primary school. Parents and teachers put literacy and math classes at the top of education, and children have learned knowledge in advance before entering school. This phenomenon leads to children's weariness after entering school, which has a bad influence on children's environmental adaptability and physical and mental development, and also brings many disadvantages to early childhood education. The downward movement of school textbooks seems to make children adapt to the school environment in advance and accept knowledge as soon as possible, which is actually a misunderstanding of early childhood education. Children learn knowledge first, and then learn. Repeated learning content and boring learning atmosphere make their future learning stamina insufficient, and they are prone to passive psychology at the stage when they should study. Once the reserved knowledge is used up, it is difficult for children to use knowledge later, which leads to negative effects.
2. Kindergartens pay too much attention to the development of intellectual factors and lack the education of classroom discipline and rule awareness. This situation will lead to children's social adaptability not being properly exercised. For example, children who just entered school can't finish their homework on time, lack the concept of time and don't understand the importance of attending classes on time, which leads to inadaptability to the school environment. In this process, teachers ignore the important role of non-intellectual factors in children's growth, pay little attention to children's emotions, motives, will and hobbies, and only emphasize the explanation and accumulation of knowledge, which seriously affects children's physical and mental healthy development and future academic performance.
3. Some bad habits developed by children in kindergarten have a certain influence on their study after entering primary school. Children's education is mostly based on games, which is arbitrary. After entering primary school, children can't recover after using school tools, and there are a series of problems, such as irregular writing of Chinese characters, wrong stroke order, incorrect sitting posture and pen holding posture, and excessive dependence on teachers. Once these bad habits are developed, they will have a negative impact on children's future study and development.
Two, kindergarten education and primary education convergence countermeasures
1. Correctly understand the difference between kindergarten education and primary education. The core of "from infancy to childhood" is not simply to add a link between kindergarten and primary school. There are obvious differences between kindergartens and primary schools in work and rest system, learning environment, school discipline and code of conduct. Teachers should realize this difference and do a good job in the connection and transition of education and teaching contents, requirements, forms and methods. At the same time, we should follow the laws of children's physical and mental development, according to children's age and learning characteristics, take advantage of the situation, step by step, adopt scientific and effective methods to educate children, create a good learning and activity environment for children, and make children achieve comprehensive, coordinated and healthy development in the process of "connecting the preceding with the following".
2. Face the problems in "youth convergence" rationally. The problem of children's "young connection" is the best opportunity for our education. The process of solving problems is an important process for children to learn, and the objective problems in the process are their growing points. Kindergarten education focuses on game activities, while primary education focuses on classroom teaching. Therefore, the difference between the two stages is also an important content that children need to learn during their physical and mental development. Therefore, the education and teaching in the stage of "connecting young and young" should form a certain exclusive model, and it is not necessary to accommodate the education in the two stages too much. We should pay attention to the educational objectives and avoid affecting their respective educational objectives. Although children's conventional consciousness and adherence to conventional habits can be transferred, the rules in life and play are mainly emphasized in early childhood education, and the teaching rules that often appear in primary education are not involved. The contents, objectives and methods of classroom teaching in primary schools must be solved in the process of classroom teaching, and kindergarten education cannot implement centralized training.
3. Give play to the role of parents in the "young connection". First of all, teachers should guide parents to pay attention to and attach importance to the work of "young convergence"; Secondly, teachers should help parents understand the difference between primary education and kindergarten education, clarify the requirements of primary schools for new students, understand the development level of children, and adjust educational methods according to the actual situation; Thirdly, parents should arrange their children's holiday life, make scientific work and rest plans, and let their children's life and study form certain rules and habits, and further consolidate them; Finally, parents should pay more attention to their children's nutrition and health, correctly enlighten and guide their children, and let them learn to communicate with others, handle conflicts and seek help on their own initiative.
Third, the conclusion
In a word, "youth convergence" plays an important role in education reform. In the process of children's education, "young convergence" is an important part. Therefore, only by improving the professional level of "Youju" and promoting the education of "Youju" in a targeted way can we ensure the healthy growth of young children and further improve the quality of basic education.
References:
[1] Pan Zhenru. A Study on Children's Cohesion in Early Childhood Education [J]. New Curriculum Learning (Social Integration), 20 10(8).
[2] Chen. Analysis on the problems and countermeasures of youth convergence in China [J]. Contemporary Education Forum, 2008 (33).