Is poverty a social problem or the poor themselves?

Personal problems that must be faced? Although there are many different views.

Method, but most scholars believe that the understanding of poverty should be more.

In the context of a large social system, rather than just focusing on the poor.

Mouth, a subculture group. To some extent, poverty is a problem.

The reality of economic scarcity, but the persistence and persistence of poverty

Other related problems arising in the process (such as crime and education)

Low level of education. ) shows that improving the material life of the poor

Debris is not enough to reduce all poverty-related problems. At present, I

China society is in the macro background of transformation, and the problem of urban poverty is very important.

The understanding of population problem can not be separated from this background. What is "transformation"

"period" There are three main aspects in the discussion of sociologists in China.

Understanding: First, it refers to the system transformation, that is, from the planned economic system to the market.

The transformation of economic system. Second, it refers to the change of social structure.

Scholars believe that the main body of social transformation is social structure.

It refers to the overall and comprehensive structural state transition, not just

It is the realization of some personal development indicators. Within the specific scope of social change

The content includes structural transformation, mechanism transformation, interest adjustment and concept change.

In the period of social transformation, people's behavior, lifestyle and values

The system will change obviously. Third, it refers to the change of social form,

In other words, China society has changed from a traditional society to a modern society, and from an agricultural society to a modern society.

From Closed Society to Open Society

Migration and development. At present, China's social transformation has the above meaning.

We have a situation. What is the "urban poor"? Representative in China

By definition, the urban poor are born in a specific social background.

The main manifestations are: some members of society lack the necessary information.

Source, and to a certain extent, deprived of normal access to means of subsistence.

The right to participate in economic and social activities and prolong life.

Sex is lower than the normal living standard of society [1].

Vincent Parillo pointed out in his book Contemporary Social Problems

Generally speaking, recognized social problems have four elements: first, they

Causing material or mental damage to individuals or society; Second, they contact.

It violates the values or norms of some power groups in society; Third,

They last for a long time; Fourth, because of their different social status.

Groups make different judgments, and their solutions usually

There are all kinds, so it is difficult to reach a consensus on how to solve the problem.

[2](P6- 13)。 These four elements can be simply summarized as four points: namely

Damage to individuals or society; Violation of the standards of power groups; keep

Continuity; There are too many solutions. This paper will study our country based on the above purpose.

The previous understanding of the social transition period and the definition of social problems.

On the current problem of urban poor population in China.

I transition period and urban poor population

Before the founding of New China, the proportion of urban poor population to the total urban population.

The proportion is not less than 60%, and the urban poor are quite common. from

From the founding of New China to the middle and late 1980s, the city was basically

There are no poor people in the world, but they are basically the same as the rural areas in China.

"* * * with the poor" population, the people of the whole country are "* * * with the poor".

Living in a state means, in a sense, the urban poor.

The problems facing the oral cavity are quite serious. Since the reform and opening up, allow

Some people and some areas get rich first to drive all the people.

The policy of * * getting rich has broken the situation of * * being poor.

The people's living standards have greatly improved, and there have been many millions.

Rich, but also produced the problem of uneven distribution of social income, cities.

The number of poor people in this city is increasing year by year. With the reform and opening up.

Step expansion, social transformation and rapid changes in urban social structure, cities

With the deepening of the city's economic system reform, state-owned enterprises have carried out a comprehensive

Reorganization and adjustment have led to a rapid increase in laid-off workers in cities. Dang again

In the case that the original social relief system and unemployment insurance are still not perfect, at this stage,

When some unemployed and laid-off workers are employed before re-employment

At the same time, some people retire early.

Older people who live only on pensions are also prone to fall into poverty. Except for ...

In addition, in the special historical period of social transformation, cities also

There are a large number of migrant workers, who often have less income and lack of society.

Safe, but it is also easy to become a poor population in the city. According to the official system

As of March 2008, the total urban poverty population in China was 3 1.

22 million people, the average security standard is per person per month 173 yuan.

Renminbi. A research report released by China Academy of Social Sciences shows that the city

The scale of the urban poor is underestimated, and the actual number is about 46 million.

It accounts for 8% of the total urban population, which is higher than that in rural areas [4]. city

The expansion of urban poor population will not only lead to the life of urban poor families.

Difficulties, but also lead to a series of other related problems in urban society.

question

Second, the impact of urban poverty on individuals and society.

harm

The consequences of poverty are not just the poor themselves.

Harm, but also harmful to society.

First of all, for the urban poor themselves and their families,

The reality of poverty is harmful to their health, education, employment, housing and families.

Life and other aspects have a certain degree of damage. be in business

In urban society, the purchasing power of the poor is very low, which not only

Will cause them difficulties in material life, and will also lead to him

It is difficult for children to enjoy urban education, medical care and other aspects equally.

Service. The backwardness of the urban poor in these aspects will make them

Cultural quality and physical quality are lower than those of the non-poor population, which indirectly

This led to the decline of their social class status, and at the same time, it also led to

"intergenerational transmission of poverty" makes their next generation may still face poverty.

The dilemma of sleepiness. In addition, with the continuous development of social economy, most of them

The living standards of several people are improving day by day, but the poor are not fair.

Like the non-poor population, land enjoys the benefits brought by social and economic development.

To some extent, the improvement of the quality of life is for the poor.

Social rejection of oral cavity.

Secondly, the existence of the problem of urban poor population also has social influence.

The negative effects are shown in the following aspects: First, the urban poor.

Problems restrict the healthy development of the national economy. Urban poor population

The advantages of labor resources are not fully exerted, which affects the growth of social production.

Long, thus restricting the supply level of society; Urban poor population groups

Due to the lack of economic conditions, the consumption capacity and level are low, so

Restrict the expansion of consumer demand. Second, the problem system of urban poor population.

On the development of urbanization. Urbanization should turn farmers into citizens.

Roads, as well as the increasing number of urban poor people, are greatly limited.

The process of urbanization in China. Third, the increase in urban poverty is due to

The aggravation of poverty affects social stability. urban poor

Most of the population is caused by social reasons, and so is social security to some extent.

Solved the minimum living needs of some poor people, but in terms of health,

In terms of education and social interaction, many of the minimum needs of these people are still

Can not be satisfied, but also face social discrimination, children's education and so on.

Mental and psychological stress. These problems in real life

Topics and psychological unfairness may stimulate them to cheat.

Even crime, thus endangering social stability and unity [3].

Third, the problem of the urban poor has a great influence on some power groups.

Violate the standard

Vincent Parillo is explaining "the standards of power groups"

In violation of this element, he pointed out: "All societies include several.

Class or rank, they have different degrees of power and prestige. ...

The more common situation is the classification based on economy.

The division of governance classes is mainly caused by people's professional prestige and wealth.

Determined by the product. People with high positions obviously have the most power.

Compulsory formulation of social rules, decision of policies and promotion of social activities.

Influence. [2](P7) In China, the situation is different. Professional prestige

It is hoped that the accumulation of wealth can only be used to determine their owners in society.

Status in the class, as well as social regulations and policies. Is determined by national politics.

Government departments are formulated according to the wishes of the vast majority of people. If I say

The urban poor in China violated the standards of some power groups, so

Yao's words are more about handing over the problem of the urban poor to the government management agencies.

Will bring some troubles, mobilize social development, and the government will solve it.

Solve the problem of poverty, redistribute income and produce "rich class"

Dissatisfaction, to some extent, is an indirect problem of the urban poor.

Effectively violated the interests of the "rich class." On the one hand, urban poverty

The emergence of a large number of people and a series of other societies caused by it

Social problems restrict the smooth development of social economy. On the other hand,

In order to solve the poverty problem, the government must implement the poverty-stricken population orientation.

Social security, social relief, medical insurance, etc. , and used in these measures.

Of the economic expenditure comes from state taxes, so the urban poor

The problem also indirectly violates the tax target (a certain income)

People's interests). From these two aspects, the urban poor in China

Problems will also violate the values of some power groups in society or

Guidelines.

Fourth, the problem of urban poverty persists.

In China, although the problem of poverty has a long history, the cities are poor.

The population problem is highlighted in the process of system reform, which mainly

It is institutional poverty. From planned economy system to market economy system

In the process of transformation, a whole set of ideas has been formed for a long time in the past.

Lost social security such as employment, housing, education, medical care and retirement.

Utility, a social security system that is compatible with the market economy system is gradually taking shape.

In this situation, the city is under the original system.

Beneficiaries become victims of institutional changes. Those educational waters

The level of manual workers is relatively low, and they have no labor skills or connections.

Workers who are near retirement age and have no skills become workers.

The first batch of people abandoned by the market, their living standards have declined or directly declined.

Step into poverty. However, in the period of social transformation, the economic system

Reform will be a long-term process, with institutional lay-off and loss.

Industry is not a problem that can be solved in a short time. Then, this part of the city

The poor will exist for a long time. In addition, with the urbanization in the transition period,

With the acceleration of this process, rural poor people gradually spread to cities. produce

Martin Ravallion (200 1) of the world bank shows that development

In the process of urbanization in China, the speed of poverty-stricken population's concentration in cities.

Degree is faster than the speed of urbanization, which leads to the development of agriculture in developing countries.

Rural poverty has rapidly shifted to cities [5]. Urbanization is China.

The inevitable trend of social transformation is to ban the household registration system and urban and rural economy.

Economic integration has become the inherent requirement of sustained economic growth, when a large number of rural areas

After the population and labor force choose to settle in the city, if the city

If economic growth cannot provide enough employment opportunities, cities will still release them.

Excluded from urban welfare policies and public services, these pang

The huge marginalized population can easily evolve into vulnerable groups and increase cities.

The number of poor people in cities. Visible, in the current social transformation period.

In this context, the urban poor will change with the change of economic system.

The development of urbanization continues.

Five, too much to solve the problem of urban poor.

plan

In order to solve the problem of urban poor in China, the government has implemented a program.

A series of countermeasures. For example, the "two guarantees" for laid-off workers,

That is to ensure the basic livelihood of laid-off workers from state-owned enterprises and ensure that enterprises leave.

Retirees' pensions are paid in full and on time; For the urban population of the whole country

Minimum living security system; Provide free re-employment training for the unemployed in cities and towns.

Training; Urban community public service and urban poverty alleviation microfinance.

Although the implementation of these measures has achieved some results, it has not

Eventually, the urban poor will be eliminated, and some urban poor will "take off"

"Poverty" soon returned to poverty, and the problem of urban poor population still exists.

With the development of the transitional society, it exists and evolves into more cities.

Social problems in cities.

Based on the above analysis, under the social background of China's transition period,

Below, the urban poor not only create a certain process for themselves and their families.

Degree of damage, but also adversely affect the benign operation of society, with

The existence of the urban poor at that time was also direct or indirect to some extent.

Grounding gas violates the interests and norms of other social classes.

Moreover, the problem of urban poor population will change with the social transformation.

It is long-term and lasts for a long time in our social structure.

Although China has introduced many solutions to poverty, but

The problem of urban poor people has not been properly solved because cities

The problem of poor population is rooted in the social background of social transformation in China.

Medium. It can be seen that in the period of social transformation in China, the urban poor population

The population problem is a social problem.