Computer information technology management
Abstract: A lot of information and data are stored in the computer. How to build a robust information system is a subject that needs to be studied. This paper summarizes the structure of information system and general information system, as well as the carrier technology, network and database of information. Only by using these technologies reasonably can we tap the value of information.
Keywords: information system; Data; computer
1. information system
Technically, it is a set of interrelated components that collect (or acquire), process, store and distribute information to support decision-making and organizational control. In addition to supporting decision-making, collaboration and control, information systems can also be used to help managers and workers analyze and solve problems, visualize complexity and create new products. From the commercial point of view, information system is an organization and management scheme based on information technology to solve the challenges brought by the environment. When the word "information system" is usually used, it refers to the information system that depends on computer technology.
2. Information system structure
In 1979, ISO proposed the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model of open systems architecture. This is a standard architecture that defines the connection of heterogeneous computers. The OSI reference model has seven layers, namely physical layer, data link layer, network layer, transport layer, session layer, presentation layer and application layer, also known as seven-layer protocol.
2. 1 job control level. Mainly DPS(Data Processing System) or TPS (transaction processing system), it is responsible for collecting all kinds of data that can be used for management, processing daily transaction data, and generating reports to support the organization's job control activities, that is, Mrs. This system is basically an isolated functional file system, which is usually generated when the information system is automated in the early stage of development, and can be used to replace manual processing of complex structured data. Managers at this level can also use DSS (Decision Support System) to complete relevant decision-making work.
2.2 Knowledge management level. Mainly KWS (Knowledge Work System) and OS(Offi ceSystem), which are responsible for accumulating knowledge and helping to use knowledge to improve the competitiveness of organizations. Managers at this level can also use DSS to complete relevant decision-making work.
2.3 Management control level. Mainly MRS(Management Reporting System), that is, MIS (Management Information System) in a narrow sense, which integrates data collected by various DP, provides organizational management information, and reflects the current situation of the department. Its content is usually department-oriented, used to solve various structural problems, and can produce comprehensive summaries and abnormal reports for middle-level managers. It is usually a large-scale integration framework. Managers at this level can also use DSS to complete relevant decision-making work.
2.4 strategic planning level. Mainly for EIS (Executive Information System) or ESS (Executive Support System), it provides organizational status and supports high-level decision-making. It is a computerized system, which supports and provides the decision-making information needed by senior managers, and supports the planning, analysis and communication skills needed by managers, with emphasis on tracking, control and communication. It is also divided into a group of situation reporting systems and interpersonal communication support systems. Managers at this level can also use DSS to complete relevant decision-making work. DSS is an information system that helps people make decisions, helps users plan and analyze various action plans, usually adopts trial and error method, and usually solves semi-structured or unstructured problems by dialogue, but it emphasizes supporting rather than replacing human decision-making.
3. Computer technology
The development of computer has triggered the information revolution in all walks of life, which is attributed to the development of computer network and computer data processing.
3. 1 network. Due to the rapid development of computer network, enterprise management, scientific research and computer collection are more closely linked. Computer network connects computers, computer systems and other network devices distributed in different geographical locations with communication media, and realizes information exchange and network resource sharing with fully functional network software. These achievements have effectively improved the efficiency of enterprise management and the speed of scientific research.
According to the different organizational structure and computer use, the network structure of computers is also different. Different uses have different computer network topologies. Topology is the geometric structure formed by the links and nodes of the network in geography, which is used to express the overall structural appearance of the network and also reflect the structural relationship between modules. According to different communication modes, the topological structure of computer networks can be divided into two categories: point-to-point transmission structure and broadcast transmission structure, and according to different communication distances, it can be divided into two categories: local area network and wide area network.
3.2 Database technology In computers, information is stored in the form of data, and the business activities or business of enterprises are also stored in the form of data. In short, the management of information system is the management of data. For massive data, we can't manage these data with simple files, because there will be performance bottlenecks when managing them with files. There should be newer technology to replace it, which is why the database was born.
Database system is the storage of business data in the real world. It can quickly access and integrate business data. Due to the development of database technology, some database systems also support data mining. The data mining function of the database can predict the future data trend and play a role in data prediction.
To establish a good database system, we must first establish an entity relationship model (E-R model), which is an abstraction of the real world. It extracts information that people care about from objective things and ignores non-essential details, and accurately describes this information. It belongs to the logical design of database system, followed by the physical design of database system, and finally the realization and maintenance of database system.
References:
Liu Ze. Fundamentals of computer information management. Tsinghua University Publishing House, September, 2004.
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